Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grad...Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grade and discriminating San-Huang Tablets (SHT) of different commercial brands. The systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) was applied to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the quality consistency of the herbal preparation. It was possible to deduce that the quantitative similarity analysis by SQFM was enabled to make a good discrimination of the tested samples. It was a particularly useful method for the overall quality evaluation of herbal medicine and their preparations.展开更多
Objective To assess left ventricular (LV) strain by3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods All subjects underwent invasive coronary angiography.2-dimensio...Objective To assess left ventricular (LV) strain by3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods All subjects underwent invasive coronary angiography.2-dimensional and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 52 subjects with suspected CHD.Longitudinal strain (LS) ,circumferential strain (CS) ,radial展开更多
In order to ensure the effective analysis and reconstruction of forests,it is key to ensure the quantitative description of their spatial structure.In this paper,a distance model for the optimal stand spatial structur...In order to ensure the effective analysis and reconstruction of forests,it is key to ensure the quantitative description of their spatial structure.In this paper,a distance model for the optimal stand spatial structure based on weighted Voronoi diagrams is proposed.In particular,we provide a novel methodological model for the comprehensive evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands in natural mixed conifer-broadleaved forests and the formulation of management decision plans.The applicability of the rank evaluation and the optimal solution distance model are compared and assessed for different standard sample plots of natural mixed conifer-broadleaved forests.The effect of crown width on the spatial structure unit of the trees is observed to be higher than that of the diameter at breast height.Moreover,the influence of crown length is greater than that of tree height.There are nine possible spatial structure units determined by the weighted Voronoi diagram for the number of neighboring trees in the central tree,with an average intersection of neighboring crowns reaching 80%.The rank rating of natural forest sample plots is correlated with the optimal solution distance model,and their results are generally consistent for natural forests.However,the rank rating is not able to provide a quantitative assessment.The optimal solution distance model is observed to be more comprehensive than traditional methods for the evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands.It can effectively reflect the trends in realistic stand spatial structure factors close to or far from the ideal structure point,and accurately assesses the forest spatial structure.The proposed optimal solution distance model improves the integrated evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands and provides solid theoretical and technical support for sustainable forest management.展开更多
Detrital geochronology fundamentally involves the quantification of major age ranges and their weights winthin an age distribution.This study presents a streamlined approach,modeling the age distribution of detrital z...Detrital geochronology fundamentally involves the quantification of major age ranges and their weights winthin an age distribution.This study presents a streamlined approach,modeling the age distribution of detrital zircons using a normal mixture model,and employs the Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm for precise estimations.A method is introduced to automatically select appropriate initial mean values for EM algorithm,enhancing its efficacy in detrital geochronology.This process entails multiple trials with varying numbers of age components leading to diverse k-component models.The model with the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)is identified as the most suitable.For accurate component number and weight determination,a substantial sample size(n>200)is advisable. Our findings based on both synthetic and empirical datasets confirm that the normal mixture model,refined by the EM algorithm,reliably identifies key age parameters with minimal error.As a kind of probability density estimator,the normal mixture model offers a novel visualization tool for detrital data and an alternative foundation for KDE in calculating existing similarity metrics.Another focus of this study is the critical examination of quantitative metrics for comparing detrital zircon age patterns.Through a case study,this study demonstrates that metrics based on empirical cumulative probability distribution(such as K-S and Kuiper statistics)may lead to erroneous conclusions.The employment of the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence,a metric grounded in probability density estimation,is proposed.Reference critical values,simulated via the Monte Carlo method,provide more objective benchmarks for these quantitative metrics. All methodologies discussed are encapsulated in a series of MATLAB scripts,available as open-source code and a standalone application,facilitating wider adoption and application in the field.展开更多
In the design of geotechnical infrastructure,engineers have to deal with naturally occurring soils and rocks which are subjected to spatial variability as well as other uncertainties such as errors in measurement and ...In the design of geotechnical infrastructure,engineers have to deal with naturally occurring soils and rocks which are subjected to spatial variability as well as other uncertainties such as errors in measurement and in modeling methods.Reliability assessment which provides a systematic approach for quantifying the risk of failure has been shown to be a promising tool for solving these challenging geotechnical engineering problems.The method provides a more consistent measure of the level of safety or“structural reliability”through the evaluation of a reliability index and the associated“failure”probability,and is a method that satisfies the need to clearly convey safety issues to the public and regulatory authorities.Various methods for calculating the reliability of geotechnical infrastructures with regard to the assessment of the ultimate and serviceability limit states have been proposed by many researchers and these approaches include:the direct Monte Carlo Simulation,Bayesian and other sampling techniques,the first-order reliability method and the second-order reliability method,the random field method,the response surface method and other surrogate models with the related probabilistic procedures.In this special issue of Geoscience Frontiers,we assemble eleven invited papers which provide insights on the latest developments and challenges in applying probabilistic and reliability methods to geotechnical infrastructure design.展开更多
Chinese has special quantifiers as a part of speech while English does not have independent quantifiers.To some degree,the difference comes from the different cultural backgrounds.
The most extensive set of information on the factorsaffecting mutation induction by chemical mutagens inmice has been obtained by use of the dominant lethalassay and the specific locus method.Dominant lethalmutations ...The most extensive set of information on the factorsaffecting mutation induction by chemical mutagens inmice has been obtained by use of the dominant lethalassay and the specific locus method.Dominant lethalmutations are caused by chromosomal aberrations,and they occur shortly before or after implantation.展开更多
Based on the properties of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier, three methods for generating monotonic OWA operator weights are proposed. They are geometric OWA o...Based on the properties of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier, three methods for generating monotonic OWA operator weights are proposed. They are geometric OWA operator weights, equidifferent OWA operator weights and the modified RIM quantifier OWA weights. Compared with most of the common OWA methods for generating weights, the methods proposed in this paper are more intuitive and efficient in computation. And as there are more than one solution in most cases, the decision maker can set some initial condition and chooses the appropriate solution in the real decision process, which increases the flexibility of decision making to some extent. All these three OWA methods for generating weights are illustrated by numerical examples.展开更多
In order to achieve the model-based fault monitoring and diagnosis,an accurate model for the rotor system is necessary to locate and quantify faults.Since the dynamic characteristics of a blade-rotor system is influen...In order to achieve the model-based fault monitoring and diagnosis,an accurate model for the rotor system is necessary to locate and quantify faults.Since the dynamic characteristics of a blade-rotor system is influenced by foundation flexibility,the modeling and dynamic analyses on the foundation were sequentially investigated.Firstly,the effect of element size on the model convergence was investigated using the forward difference quotient as the slope of the frequency difference,which found that the model converged when the element size refined to 4mm.Secondly,a modal analysis and a harmonic response analysis were performed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the foundation structure.Finally,an optimization to the foundation utilizing an additional stiffener was conducted to reduce the foundation response and make the critical speed far away from the working frequency band of 20—50Hz.展开更多
As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,...As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-展开更多
Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)have been widely applied to visualize the molecular activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.The enormous amount of...Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)have been widely applied to visualize the molecular activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.The enormous amount of video images and the complex dynamics of signaling events present tremendous challenges for data analysis and demand the development of intelligent and automated imaging analysis methods specifically envisioned for the studies of live cell imaging.We have developed a general correlative FRET imaging method(CFIM)to quantify the subcellular coupling between an enzymatic activity and a phenotypic response in live cells,e.g.at focal adhesions(FAs).CFIM quantitatively evaluated the cause-effect relation-展开更多
Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and te...Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and techniques,e.g.,dynamic force spectroscopy（DFS）,have been applied to probe the complex at single-bond level,the discrepancies in the loading rate dependence of bond rupture force were found in the assays,presumably due to the different pathways in energy landscape and binding kinetics of molecular complexes<sup>[2]</sup>.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here an optical trap（OT）assay was used to quantify the bond rupture at r<sub>f</sub>≤20 pN/s展开更多
Quantifying rock weathering processes,especially in ways of nondisturbance and on-site investigation,is one of the most critical tasks in predicting rocks erosion rates and understanding the sediment transportation.We...Quantifying rock weathering processes,especially in ways of nondisturbance and on-site investigation,is one of the most critical tasks in predicting rocks erosion rates and understanding the sediment transportation.We proposed a more reproducible approach to test how image analysis can quantify the changes in the size and shape of fragments during the weathering process.Four artificial models were designed to select suitable metrics among over 20 parameters.To validate the efficiency of image analysis,we analyzed rocks from badlands in Nanxiong Basin,Southeast China,under three different ranges of temperature differences(TD)during cyclic wetting and drying(WD).Our results show that TDs can accelerate the disintegration rate,and even if there is only a 20℃ difference in the range of TDs,an apparent difference in fragment size was observed.Moreover,the shape of fragments became more round as the increasing number of cyclic treatments,and for samples that went through the same number of treatments,the larger the temperature difference,the more round the shape became.All that serves as another evidence for landscape evolution response to climatic warming.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the current living situation of Yangtze finless porpoise, and explore the prediction of the number of Yangtze finless porpoise in next few years. [Method] Modified Leslie Model and Sil...[Objective] The aim was to study the current living situation of Yangtze finless porpoise, and explore the prediction of the number of Yangtze finless porpoise in next few years. [Method] Modified Leslie Model and Siler's Model was applied to estimate the number of Yangtze finless porpoise. [Result] Using the model,Yangtze finless porpoise will extinct in nearly 20 years. [Conclusion] The study provides a cautionary warning of the conservation of the freshwater cetacean species.展开更多
Coal mining activity is often restricted by geologic structural conditions, so it is very important to know the distribution situation of mine structures in advance of mining. For this reason, traditional qualitative ...Coal mining activity is often restricted by geologic structural conditions, so it is very important to know the distribution situation of mine structures in advance of mining. For this reason, traditional qualitative procedure must give way to quantitative prediction method backed by mathematics theory and computer technology. This paper explores some relevant problems with the method, introducing a software, MSPS, used to predict automatically and quantitatively the relative complexities of geologic structures in different blocks of a coal mining area, with an application example employing the software to select the most suitable mining sites.展开更多
Objectives.Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) and severity ofcoronary artery disease(CAD) and different risk factors were investigated,Theseverity of CAD was tried to predict using carotid duplex scanni...Objectives.Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) and severity ofcoronary artery disease(CAD) and different risk factors were investigated,Theseverity of CAD was tried to predict using carotid duplex scanning and riskfactors investigation.Methods.Carotid duplex scanning were performed in 103 patients who had beenconsecutively examined by coronary angiography.Patients were divided into 3groups(normal,I-vassal disease and multi-vessel disease group) according tocoronary angiographic results.To quantify the extent of CAS,maximal unicknessmeasurements of all plaques were summed for an individual plaque score.Gensini’s CAD score was calculated to quantify the extent of coronary arteryatherosclerosis(CAAS),Relationship between carotid plaque score and extent ofCAAS was evaluated.Relationship between main risk factors and the degree ofatherosclerotic vascular involvement in carotid and coronary artery wasexamined using standard|sad partial correlation coefficients.Results.CAS plaques were more common in the bifurcation end in the left side.Intimal-medial thickness(IMT) of multi-vessel disease group was significantlylarger than that of the normal group(P【0.001).No significant differences werefound among these 3 groups with carotid Doppler parameters,A linearcorrelation between carotid duplex scanning parameters and carotid andcoronary atherosclerosis was found.Carotid plaque score was significantlyhigher in patients with l-vessel or multi-vessel CAD than that without significantCAD(P【0.001).There was e significant positive linear correlation betweencarotid plaque score and the extent of CAD(r=0.60,P【0.001).Age,male gender,smoking,hypertension,total cholesterol,LDL,plasma fibrinogen,and plateletaggregability were positively correlated with the extent of CAS and CAAS.HDLwas negatively correlated with CAS and CAAS.Formulas using carotid duplexscanning parameters and risk factors to predict the extent of CAD were provided.Contlusions.CAS was significantly correlated with the extent of CAAS.Age:male gender,smoking" hypertension,total cholesterol,LDL,plasma fibrinogen,and platelet aggregnbility were strong predictors for CAS and CAD.展开更多
Histomorphometric analysis of histologic sections of normal and diseased bone samples,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone research.However,the utility of traditional semi-automated methods ...Histomorphometric analysis of histologic sections of normal and diseased bone samples,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone research.However,the utility of traditional semi-automated methods is limited because they are labor-intensive and can have high interobserver variability depending upon the parameters being assessed,and primary data cannot be re-analyzed automatically.Automated histomorphometry has long been recognized as a solution for these issues,and recently has become more feasible with the development of digital whole slide imaging and computerized image analysis systems that can interact with digital slides.Here,we describe the development and validation of an automated application（algorithm）using Visiopharm＇s image analysis system to quantify newly formed bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing murine femoral allografts in high-quality digital images of H＆E/alcian blue-stained decalcified histologic sections.To validate this algorithm,we compared the results obtained independently using OsteoMeasureTM and Visiopharm image analysis systems.The intraclass correlation coefficient between Visiopharm and OsteoMeasure was very close to one for all tissue elements tested,indicating nearly perfect reproducibility across methods.This new algorithm represents an accurate and labor-efficient method to quantify bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing mouse allografts.展开更多
文摘Spectral quantitative fingerprinting including ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) coupled with combustion heat (CH) analytical techniques was employed and compared for rapid screening quality grade and discriminating San-Huang Tablets (SHT) of different commercial brands. The systematic quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) was applied to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the quality consistency of the herbal preparation. It was possible to deduce that the quantitative similarity analysis by SQFM was enabled to make a good discrimination of the tested samples. It was a particularly useful method for the overall quality evaluation of herbal medicine and their preparations.
文摘Objective To assess left ventricular (LV) strain by3-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods All subjects underwent invasive coronary angiography.2-dimensional and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed in 52 subjects with suspected CHD.Longitudinal strain (LS) ,circumferential strain (CS) ,radial
基金funded by National Key Research and development project(2022YFD2201001)。
文摘In order to ensure the effective analysis and reconstruction of forests,it is key to ensure the quantitative description of their spatial structure.In this paper,a distance model for the optimal stand spatial structure based on weighted Voronoi diagrams is proposed.In particular,we provide a novel methodological model for the comprehensive evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands in natural mixed conifer-broadleaved forests and the formulation of management decision plans.The applicability of the rank evaluation and the optimal solution distance model are compared and assessed for different standard sample plots of natural mixed conifer-broadleaved forests.The effect of crown width on the spatial structure unit of the trees is observed to be higher than that of the diameter at breast height.Moreover,the influence of crown length is greater than that of tree height.There are nine possible spatial structure units determined by the weighted Voronoi diagram for the number of neighboring trees in the central tree,with an average intersection of neighboring crowns reaching 80%.The rank rating of natural forest sample plots is correlated with the optimal solution distance model,and their results are generally consistent for natural forests.However,the rank rating is not able to provide a quantitative assessment.The optimal solution distance model is observed to be more comprehensive than traditional methods for the evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands.It can effectively reflect the trends in realistic stand spatial structure factors close to or far from the ideal structure point,and accurately assesses the forest spatial structure.The proposed optimal solution distance model improves the integrated evaluation of the spatial structure of forest stands and provides solid theoretical and technical support for sustainable forest management.
文摘Detrital geochronology fundamentally involves the quantification of major age ranges and their weights winthin an age distribution.This study presents a streamlined approach,modeling the age distribution of detrital zircons using a normal mixture model,and employs the Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm for precise estimations.A method is introduced to automatically select appropriate initial mean values for EM algorithm,enhancing its efficacy in detrital geochronology.This process entails multiple trials with varying numbers of age components leading to diverse k-component models.The model with the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion(BIC)is identified as the most suitable.For accurate component number and weight determination,a substantial sample size(n>200)is advisable. Our findings based on both synthetic and empirical datasets confirm that the normal mixture model,refined by the EM algorithm,reliably identifies key age parameters with minimal error.As a kind of probability density estimator,the normal mixture model offers a novel visualization tool for detrital data and an alternative foundation for KDE in calculating existing similarity metrics.Another focus of this study is the critical examination of quantitative metrics for comparing detrital zircon age patterns.Through a case study,this study demonstrates that metrics based on empirical cumulative probability distribution(such as K-S and Kuiper statistics)may lead to erroneous conclusions.The employment of the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence,a metric grounded in probability density estimation,is proposed.Reference critical values,simulated via the Monte Carlo method,provide more objective benchmarks for these quantitative metrics. All methodologies discussed are encapsulated in a series of MATLAB scripts,available as open-source code and a standalone application,facilitating wider adoption and application in the field.
文摘In the design of geotechnical infrastructure,engineers have to deal with naturally occurring soils and rocks which are subjected to spatial variability as well as other uncertainties such as errors in measurement and in modeling methods.Reliability assessment which provides a systematic approach for quantifying the risk of failure has been shown to be a promising tool for solving these challenging geotechnical engineering problems.The method provides a more consistent measure of the level of safety or“structural reliability”through the evaluation of a reliability index and the associated“failure”probability,and is a method that satisfies the need to clearly convey safety issues to the public and regulatory authorities.Various methods for calculating the reliability of geotechnical infrastructures with regard to the assessment of the ultimate and serviceability limit states have been proposed by many researchers and these approaches include:the direct Monte Carlo Simulation,Bayesian and other sampling techniques,the first-order reliability method and the second-order reliability method,the random field method,the response surface method and other surrogate models with the related probabilistic procedures.In this special issue of Geoscience Frontiers,we assemble eleven invited papers which provide insights on the latest developments and challenges in applying probabilistic and reliability methods to geotechnical infrastructure design.
文摘Chinese has special quantifiers as a part of speech while English does not have independent quantifiers.To some degree,the difference comes from the different cultural backgrounds.
文摘The most extensive set of information on the factorsaffecting mutation induction by chemical mutagens inmice has been obtained by use of the dominant lethalassay and the specific locus method.Dominant lethalmutations are caused by chromosomal aberrations,and they occur shortly before or after implantation.
文摘Based on the properties of ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier, three methods for generating monotonic OWA operator weights are proposed. They are geometric OWA operator weights, equidifferent OWA operator weights and the modified RIM quantifier OWA weights. Compared with most of the common OWA methods for generating weights, the methods proposed in this paper are more intuitive and efficient in computation. And as there are more than one solution in most cases, the decision maker can set some initial condition and chooses the appropriate solution in the real decision process, which increases the flexibility of decision making to some extent. All these three OWA methods for generating weights are illustrated by numerical examples.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFF0203300)
文摘In order to achieve the model-based fault monitoring and diagnosis,an accurate model for the rotor system is necessary to locate and quantify faults.Since the dynamic characteristics of a blade-rotor system is influenced by foundation flexibility,the modeling and dynamic analyses on the foundation were sequentially investigated.Firstly,the effect of element size on the model convergence was investigated using the forward difference quotient as the slope of the frequency difference,which found that the model converged when the element size refined to 4mm.Secondly,a modal analysis and a harmonic response analysis were performed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the foundation structure.Finally,an optimization to the foundation utilizing an additional stiffener was conducted to reduce the foundation response and make the critical speed far away from the working frequency band of 20—50Hz.
文摘As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-
文摘Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)have been widely applied to visualize the molecular activity in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution.The enormous amount of video images and the complex dynamics of signaling events present tremendous challenges for data analysis and demand the development of intelligent and automated imaging analysis methods specifically envisioned for the studies of live cell imaging.We have developed a general correlative FRET imaging method(CFIM)to quantify the subcellular coupling between an enzymatic activity and a phenotypic response in live cells,e.g.at focal adhesions(FAs).CFIM quantitatively evaluated the cause-effect relation-
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 10902117, 31230027,30730032,and 10332060
文摘Forced dissociation of selectin-ligand complex is crucial to such biological processes as leukocyte recruitment,thrombosis formation,as well as tumor metastasis<sup>[</sup>1].Although several assays and techniques,e.g.,dynamic force spectroscopy（DFS）,have been applied to probe the complex at single-bond level,the discrepancies in the loading rate dependence of bond rupture force were found in the assays,presumably due to the different pathways in energy landscape and binding kinetics of molecular complexes<sup>[2]</sup>.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Here an optical trap（OT）assay was used to quantify the bond rupture at r<sub>f</sub>≤20 pN/s
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41901005)financial support from China Scholarship Council[grant number CSC201806995083]supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development,Republic of Serbia(Grant No.451-039/2021-14/200026,451-03-9/2021-14/200168 and 451-03-9/2021-14/200358)。
文摘Quantifying rock weathering processes,especially in ways of nondisturbance and on-site investigation,is one of the most critical tasks in predicting rocks erosion rates and understanding the sediment transportation.We proposed a more reproducible approach to test how image analysis can quantify the changes in the size and shape of fragments during the weathering process.Four artificial models were designed to select suitable metrics among over 20 parameters.To validate the efficiency of image analysis,we analyzed rocks from badlands in Nanxiong Basin,Southeast China,under three different ranges of temperature differences(TD)during cyclic wetting and drying(WD).Our results show that TDs can accelerate the disintegration rate,and even if there is only a 20℃ difference in the range of TDs,an apparent difference in fragment size was observed.Moreover,the shape of fragments became more round as the increasing number of cyclic treatments,and for samples that went through the same number of treatments,the larger the temperature difference,the more round the shape became.All that serves as another evidence for landscape evolution response to climatic warming.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the current living situation of Yangtze finless porpoise, and explore the prediction of the number of Yangtze finless porpoise in next few years. [Method] Modified Leslie Model and Siler's Model was applied to estimate the number of Yangtze finless porpoise. [Result] Using the model,Yangtze finless porpoise will extinct in nearly 20 years. [Conclusion] The study provides a cautionary warning of the conservation of the freshwater cetacean species.
文摘Coal mining activity is often restricted by geologic structural conditions, so it is very important to know the distribution situation of mine structures in advance of mining. For this reason, traditional qualitative procedure must give way to quantitative prediction method backed by mathematics theory and computer technology. This paper explores some relevant problems with the method, introducing a software, MSPS, used to predict automatically and quantitatively the relative complexities of geologic structures in different blocks of a coal mining area, with an application example employing the software to select the most suitable mining sites.
文摘Objectives.Relationship between carotid atherosclerosis(CAS) and severity ofcoronary artery disease(CAD) and different risk factors were investigated,Theseverity of CAD was tried to predict using carotid duplex scanning and riskfactors investigation.Methods.Carotid duplex scanning were performed in 103 patients who had beenconsecutively examined by coronary angiography.Patients were divided into 3groups(normal,I-vassal disease and multi-vessel disease group) according tocoronary angiographic results.To quantify the extent of CAS,maximal unicknessmeasurements of all plaques were summed for an individual plaque score.Gensini’s CAD score was calculated to quantify the extent of coronary arteryatherosclerosis(CAAS),Relationship between carotid plaque score and extent ofCAAS was evaluated.Relationship between main risk factors and the degree ofatherosclerotic vascular involvement in carotid and coronary artery wasexamined using standard|sad partial correlation coefficients.Results.CAS plaques were more common in the bifurcation end in the left side.Intimal-medial thickness(IMT) of multi-vessel disease group was significantlylarger than that of the normal group(P【0.001).No significant differences werefound among these 3 groups with carotid Doppler parameters,A linearcorrelation between carotid duplex scanning parameters and carotid andcoronary atherosclerosis was found.Carotid plaque score was significantlyhigher in patients with l-vessel or multi-vessel CAD than that without significantCAD(P【0.001).There was e significant positive linear correlation betweencarotid plaque score and the extent of CAD(r=0.60,P【0.001).Age,male gender,smoking,hypertension,total cholesterol,LDL,plasma fibrinogen,and plateletaggregability were positively correlated with the extent of CAS and CAAS.HDLwas negatively correlated with CAS and CAAS.Formulas using carotid duplexscanning parameters and risk factors to predict the extent of CAD were provided.Contlusions.CAS was significantly correlated with the extent of CAAS.Age:male gender,smoking" hypertension,total cholesterol,LDL,plasma fibrinogen,and platelet aggregnbility were strong predictors for CAS and CAD.
基金funded by grants(1S10RR027340-01 and AR43510) to BFB,and (R01 DE019902,P30 AR061307 and P50 AR054041) to EMS,from the National Institutes of Health
文摘Histomorphometric analysis of histologic sections of normal and diseased bone samples,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone research.However,the utility of traditional semi-automated methods is limited because they are labor-intensive and can have high interobserver variability depending upon the parameters being assessed,and primary data cannot be re-analyzed automatically.Automated histomorphometry has long been recognized as a solution for these issues,and recently has become more feasible with the development of digital whole slide imaging and computerized image analysis systems that can interact with digital slides.Here,we describe the development and validation of an automated application（algorithm）using Visiopharm＇s image analysis system to quantify newly formed bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing murine femoral allografts in high-quality digital images of H＆E/alcian blue-stained decalcified histologic sections.To validate this algorithm,we compared the results obtained independently using OsteoMeasureTM and Visiopharm image analysis systems.The intraclass correlation coefficient between Visiopharm and OsteoMeasure was very close to one for all tissue elements tested,indicating nearly perfect reproducibility across methods.This new algorithm represents an accurate and labor-efficient method to quantify bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing mouse allografts.
