Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather cond...Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.展开更多
In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate ...In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.展开更多
Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest f...Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.展开更多
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 ...A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.展开更多
AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis ...AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.展开更多
LAMOST-MRS-B is one of the sub-surveys of LAMOST medium-resolution(R~7500)spectroscopic survey.It aims at studying the statistical properties(e.g.,binary fraction,orbital period distribution,mass ratio distribution)of...LAMOST-MRS-B is one of the sub-surveys of LAMOST medium-resolution(R~7500)spectroscopic survey.It aims at studying the statistical properties(e.g.,binary fraction,orbital period distribution,mass ratio distribution)of binary stars and exotic stars.We intend to observe about 30000 stars(10 mag≤G<14.5 mag)with at least 10 visits in five years.We first planned to observe 25 plates around the galactic plane in 2018.Then the plates were reduced to 12 in 2019 because of the limitation of observation.At the same time,two new plates located at the high galactic latitude were added to explore binary properties influenced by the different environments.In this survey project,we set the identified exotic and low-metallicity stars with the highest observation priorities.For the rest of the selected stars,we gave the higher priority to the relatively brighter stars in order to obtain high quality spectra as many as possible.Spectra of49129 stars have been obtained in LAMOST-MRS-B field and released in DR8,of which 28828 and 3375 stars have been visited more than twice and ten times with SNR≥10,respectively.Most of the sources are B-,A-,and F-type stars with-0.6<[Fe/H]<0.4 dex.We also obtain 347 identified variable and exotic stars and about 250 stars with[Fe/H]<-1 dex.We measure radial velocities(RVs)by using 892233 spectra of the stars.The uncertainties of RV achieve about 1 km·s^(-1)and 10 km·s^(-1)for 95%of late-and early-type stars,respectively.The datasets presented in this paper are available at http://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00035.展开更多
Field surveys and empirical integrated methods are commonly used in the ecological research to understand the altitudinal pattern of plant diversity of mountains.However,few studies have compared the differences betwe...Field surveys and empirical integrated methods are commonly used in the ecological research to understand the altitudinal pattern of plant diversity of mountains.However,few studies have compared the differences between the two methods on the same scale.Here,we addressed and compared the altitudinal patterns of species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),the standardized effect size of phylogenetic diversity(PDses)and mean phylogenetic distance(MPDses)of about 580 angiosperms growing on Mount Kenya from two independent datasets:one is based on our several times field surveys in this mountain and another one is based on empirical data integrated from literatures.We found that the altitudinal diversity patterns of field surveys dataset were consistent with the empirical integrated dataset.Both SR and PD showed hump-shaped patterns along the altitude,and both PDses and MPDses showed monotonically decreasing patterns along the altitude.The ratio of diversity between field surveys dataset and empirical integrated dataset were gradually increase along the altitude.Our research provides new insight for understanding the altitudinal diversity patterns of plants of a tropical mountain.展开更多
Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential mi...Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as day-case.This could have significant benefits f...BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as day-case.This could have significant benefits for patients and the health service.However there are theoretical concerns about post-operative complications and patient satisfaction due to pain.AIM To scope the current practice of foot and ankle surgeons on day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures in the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS An online survey(19 questions)was sent to UK foot and ankle surgeons via the British Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society membership list in August 2021.Major foot and ankle procedures were defined as surgery that is usually performed as an inpatient in majority of centres and day-case as same day discharge,with day surgery as the intended treatment pathway.RESULTS 132 people responded to the survey invitation with 80%working in Acute NHS Trusts.Currently 45%of respondents perform less than 100 day-case surgeries per year for these procedures.78%felt that there was scope to perform more procedures as day-case at their centre.Post-operative pain(34%)and patient satisfaction(10%)was not highly measured within their centres.Lack of adequate physiotherapy input pre/post-operatively(23%)and lack of out of hours support(21%)were the top perceived barriers to performing more major foot and ankle procedures as day-case.CONCLUSION There is consensus among UK surgeons to do more major foot/ankle procedures as day-case.Out of hours support and physiotherapy input pre/post-op were perceived as the main barriers.Despite theoretical concerns about post-operative pain and satisfaction this was only measured by a third of those surveyed.There is a need for nationally agreed protocols to optimise the delivery of and measurement of outcomes in this type of surgery.At a local level,the provision of physiotherapy and out of hours support should be explored at sites where this is a perceived barrier.展开更多
Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,w...Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,which is beneficial for subsequent applications.The development of deep learning has promoted significant progress in hyperspectral image super-resolution,and the powerful expression capabilities of deep neural networks make the predicted results more reliable.Recently,several latest deep learning technologies have made the hyperspectral image super-resolution method explode.However,a comprehensive review and analysis of the latest deep learning methods from the hyperspectral image super-resolution perspective is absent.To this end,in this survey,we first introduce the concept of hyperspectral image super-resolution and classify the methods from the perspectives with or without auxiliary information.Then,we review the learning-based methods in three categories,including single hyperspectral image super-resolution,panchromatic-based hyperspectral image super-resolution,and multispectral-based hyperspectral image super-resolution.Subsequently,we summarize the commonly used hyperspectral dataset,and the evaluations for some representative methods in three categories are performed qualitatively and quantitatively.Moreover,we briefly introduce several typical applications of hyperspectral image super-resolution,including ground object classification,urban change detection,and ecosystem monitoring.Finally,we provide the conclusion and challenges in existing learning-based methods,looking forward to potential future research directions.展开更多
Background:Understanding factors influencing adolescents’ sport/exercise participation(S/EP) is vital to developing effective interventions,but currently,evidence from less developed countries is limited.The purpose ...Background:Understanding factors influencing adolescents’ sport/exercise participation(S/EP) is vital to developing effective interventions,but currently,evidence from less developed countries is limited.The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of S/EP across individual,interpersonal,and environmental levels in a nationally representative sample of Thai adolescents.Methods:Data from 4617 Thai adolescents aged 14-17 years old were obtained from recruited schools across Thailand.Data on S/EP(outcome variable),and psychosocial,home,and community environment covariates were collected from individual adolescents using the Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey,Student Questionnaire.School environmental data were collected at the school level using a School Built Environment Audit.Hierarchical regressions taking into account school clustering effects were applied for data analysis.Results:At the individual level,age and body mass index were independently and strongly correlated with S/EP.Adolescents with high preference for physical activity(PA)(odd ratio(OR)=1.71,p <0.001) and at least a moderate level of self-efficacy(OR=1.33,p=0.001) were more likely to have high S/EP.At the interpersonal level,adolescents whose parents joined their sports/exercise at least 1-2 times/week(OR=1.36,p=0.003) received>3 types of parental support(OR=1.43,p=0.005) and who received siblings’(OR=1.26,p=0.004) and friends’(OR=1.99,p <0.001) support had a greater chance of high S/EP.At the environmental level,adolescents’ S/EP was greater when there were at least 3-4 pieces of home sport/exercise equipment(OR=2.77,p=0.003),grass areas at school(OR=1.56,p <0.001),and at least 1-2 PA facilities in the community(OR=1.30,p=0.009).Conclusion:Multiple factors at different levels within an ecological framework influencing Thai adolescents’ S/EP were generally similar to those found in developed countries,despite some differences.For those interested in promoting and supporting Thai adolescents’ engagement in sports/exercise,further exploration of the influence of self-efficacy and attitude toward PA is required at the individual level;parental and peer support at the interpersonal level;and home sport equipment,school grass areas,and neighborhood PA facilities at the environment level.展开更多
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the...Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.展开更多
We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition...We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition to more than 500 pulsars already discovered through normal periodical search,we report here the discovery of 76 new transient radio sources with sporadic strong pulses,detected by using the newly developed module for a sensitive single-pulse search.Their small DM values suggest that they all are Galactic rotating radio transients(RRATs).They show different properties in the follow-up observations.More radio pulses have been detected from 26 transient radio sources but no periods can be found due to a limited small number of pulses from all FAST observations.The followup observations show that 16 transient sources are newly identified as being the prototypes of RRATs with a period already determined from more detected sporadic pulses,and 10 sources are extremely nulling pulsars,and 24 sources are weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.On the other hand,48 previously known RRATs have been detected by the FAST,either during verification observations for the GPPS survey or through targeted observations of applied normal FAST projects.Except for one RRAT with four pulses detected in a session of 5-minute observation and four RRATs with only one pulse detected in a session,sensitive FAST observations reveal that 43 RRATs are just generally weak pulsars with sporadic strong pulses or simply very nulling pulsars,so that the previously known RRATs always have an extreme emission state together with a normal hardly detectable weak emission state.This is echoed by the two normal pulsars J1938+2213 and J1946+1449 with occasional brightening pulses.Though strong pulses of RRATs are very outstanding in the energy distribution,their polarization angle variations follow the polarization angle curve of the averaged normal pulse profile,suggesting that the predominant sparse pulses of RRATs are emitted in the same region with the same geometry as normal weak pulsars.展开更多
The cereal group occupies a prominent place in the dietary habits of people in northern Benin and there is little recent information on cereal consumption. This study aims to assess the consumption, acquisition and su...The cereal group occupies a prominent place in the dietary habits of people in northern Benin and there is little recent information on cereal consumption. This study aims to assess the consumption, acquisition and supply of cereals to households in the community of Djougou. A semi-directive survey with KoBoCollect was conducted among 369 households to collect individual cereal food consumption data. The survey data processed by statistical tools showed that the most consumed cereals are maize (95%, p = 0.887), millet (58%, p = 0.755), rice (55%, p = 0.753), sorghum (15%, p = 0.635), wheat (5%, p = 0.920) and fonio barely 5%. The most common mode of acquisition in Djougou is purchase (50%, p = 0.947) but donation is also observed (25%, p = 0.988) as well as production observed in 20.6% of households. Purchases are made from retailers in local markets (45%, p = 0.920) but also in streets and alleys (30%, p = 0.765). The most widely used preservation technique is drying at room temperature (70%, p = 0.995). Households most often dry in the areas provided in the field (50%, p = 0.783) and at home (40%, p = 0.643). The preferred storage location is the kitchen (60%, p = 0.790). The bedroom (20%, 0.669) and the store (15%, 0.522) are the alternative places for storing cereals. In addition, the supply costs of cereals increased between 2020 and 2021. This vertiginous rise in prices is due, among other things, to the covid19 pandemic. The various data generated not only make it possible to have fresh data but also to invest them in the assessment of health risks for the achievement of a high level of protection of the health and life of consumers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12233005, 12073078 and 12173088)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO. CMS-CSST-2021-A02, CMS-CSST-2021-A04 and CMS-CSST-2021-A07grants from the Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundations。
文摘Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.
文摘In recent years, semiconductor survey meters have been developed and are in increasing demand worldwide. This study determined if it is possible to use the X-ray system installed in each medical facility to calculate the time constant of a semiconductor survey meter and confirm the meter’s function. An additional filter was attached to the medical X-ray system to satisfy the standards of N-60 to N-120, more copper plates were added as needed, and the first and second half-value layers were calculated to enable comparisons of the facility’s X-ray system quality with the N-60 to N-120 quality values. Next, we used a medical X-ray system to measure the leakage dose and calculate the time constant of the survey meter. The functionality of the meter was then checked and compared with the energy characteristics of the meter. The experimental results showed that it was possible to use a medical X-ray system to reproduce the N-60 to N-120 radiation quality values and to calculate the time constant from the measured results, assuming actual leakage dosimetry for that radiation quality. We also found that the calibration factor was equivalent to that of the energy characteristics of the survey meter.
文摘Follow-up of environmental impacts is an integral part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, closely related to the effectiveness of the instrument. EIA follow-up has been receiving a lot of interest from scientists and practitioners, though it is recognized as one of the weakest points of EIA systems globally. Also, EIA follow-up is influenced by the context, mainly in terms of the types of projects or activities and their related impacts on the environment. Therefore, the present paper is focused on the investigation of the follow-up stage applied to the activity of seismic survey coupled with offshore oil & gas exploitation in Brazil. Research was based on a qualitative approach that included document analysis and semi-structured interviews with analysts involved in EIA processes, and sought to generate evidence of effectiveness of the EIA follow-up as conducted by the Federal Environment Agency (Ibama) in order to situate the practice of follow-up in the broader context of international best practice principles. Based on the findings, it was concluded that, due to the peculiarities of offshore seismic survey, it is necessary to promote adaptations in the procedures for monitoring impacts in order to ensure proper alignment with the principles and conceptual foundations that guide EIA practice. Specifically, the timing of the execution of the activity imposes challenges for its integration into the “conventional” cycle that has guided the monitoring of the impacts in the EIA of projects.
文摘A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.
基金Supported by Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(No.Y2020036)the National Science Foundation of China(No.82000861)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC2008200).
文摘AIM:To develop the 17-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire(ASQ)-17 by Rasch analysis,and to generate a predictiveness score.METHODS:Totally 739 participants were recruited and 680 were involved in the result analysis in this prospective,cross-sectional study.Three rounds of Rasch analysis were used to analyze the psychometric characteristics of items and options.RESULTS:Phase 1 assessed the original ASQ-19,adjusted the item scoring mode to a four-point Likert response rating scale and combined the 18th and 19th items into a new item.Phase 2 deleted the 11th item.Phases 3 and 4 assessed the new ASQ-17.All the evaluation indexes of ASQ-17 were acceptable.The Infit and Outfit MnSq values of items were 0.67-1.48,the variance explained by the principal component and the unexplained variance explained by the first contrast were 53.90%-59.40%and 1.50-1.80 in three dimensions.The curve peaks of scores in each dimension were separated and in the same order.The PSR and PSI values were 2.80 and 0.89,respectively.The mean scores of dimensions A(9.5±4.1 vs 3.5±3.2),B(7.3±3.3 vs 2.5±2.7),C(4.3±2.2 vs 1.4±2.0)and total(21.1±8.1 vs 7.4±7.0)in asthenopia participants were significantly higher than those without asthenopia(all P<0.001).The area under the curve in two groups was 0.899(P<0.001).Youden’s index was up to the maximum value of 0.784 when the cut-off value was 12.5.CONCLUSION:ASQ-17 has stronger option sorting and suitability than ASQ-19.It is an effective assessment tool for asthenopia with an optimal cut-off threshold value of 12.5,which is suitable for diagnosis and curative effect evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12073070,12173081,12090043,11873016,and 12173013)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(Grant No.202101AV070001)+5 种基金the Science Research Grants from The China Manned Space Project(Grant Nos.CMS-CSST2021-A08,CMS-CSST-2021-A10,and CMS-CSST-2021-B05)CAS‘Light of West China’ProgramGuoshoujing Telescope(the Large Sky Area MultiObject Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope LAMOST)is a National Major Scientific Project built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission of ChinaFunding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions,in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral AgreementThe LAMOST fellowship is supported by Special Funding for Advanced Users,budgeted and administrated by Center for Astronomical Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAMS)supported by Cultivation Project for LAMOST Scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CAS and Special Research Assistant Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘LAMOST-MRS-B is one of the sub-surveys of LAMOST medium-resolution(R~7500)spectroscopic survey.It aims at studying the statistical properties(e.g.,binary fraction,orbital period distribution,mass ratio distribution)of binary stars and exotic stars.We intend to observe about 30000 stars(10 mag≤G<14.5 mag)with at least 10 visits in five years.We first planned to observe 25 plates around the galactic plane in 2018.Then the plates were reduced to 12 in 2019 because of the limitation of observation.At the same time,two new plates located at the high galactic latitude were added to explore binary properties influenced by the different environments.In this survey project,we set the identified exotic and low-metallicity stars with the highest observation priorities.For the rest of the selected stars,we gave the higher priority to the relatively brighter stars in order to obtain high quality spectra as many as possible.Spectra of49129 stars have been obtained in LAMOST-MRS-B field and released in DR8,of which 28828 and 3375 stars have been visited more than twice and ten times with SNR≥10,respectively.Most of the sources are B-,A-,and F-type stars with-0.6<[Fe/H]<0.4 dex.We also obtain 347 identified variable and exotic stars and about 250 stars with[Fe/H]<-1 dex.We measure radial velocities(RVs)by using 892233 spectra of the stars.The uncertainties of RV achieve about 1 km·s^(-1)and 10 km·s^(-1)for 95%of late-and early-type stars,respectively.The datasets presented in this paper are available at http://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00035.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260046 and 31800176)the Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre(Y323771W07 and SAJC201322)。
文摘Field surveys and empirical integrated methods are commonly used in the ecological research to understand the altitudinal pattern of plant diversity of mountains.However,few studies have compared the differences between the two methods on the same scale.Here,we addressed and compared the altitudinal patterns of species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),the standardized effect size of phylogenetic diversity(PDses)and mean phylogenetic distance(MPDses)of about 580 angiosperms growing on Mount Kenya from two independent datasets:one is based on our several times field surveys in this mountain and another one is based on empirical data integrated from literatures.We found that the altitudinal diversity patterns of field surveys dataset were consistent with the empirical integrated dataset.Both SR and PD showed hump-shaped patterns along the altitude,and both PDses and MPDses showed monotonically decreasing patterns along the altitude.The ratio of diversity between field surveys dataset and empirical integrated dataset were gradually increase along the altitude.Our research provides new insight for understanding the altitudinal diversity patterns of plants of a tropical mountain.
基金the cooperation projects between China Geological Survey and geological survey institutions of Africa(DD20190439,DD20160108,DD20221801)。
文摘Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.
文摘BACKGROUND Advances in minimally invasive surgery and improved post-operative pain management make it possible to consider performing even major foot/ankle operations as day-case.This could have significant benefits for patients and the health service.However there are theoretical concerns about post-operative complications and patient satisfaction due to pain.AIM To scope the current practice of foot and ankle surgeons on day-case surgery for major foot and ankle procedures in the United Kingdom(UK).METHODS An online survey(19 questions)was sent to UK foot and ankle surgeons via the British Orthopaedic Foot&Ankle Society membership list in August 2021.Major foot and ankle procedures were defined as surgery that is usually performed as an inpatient in majority of centres and day-case as same day discharge,with day surgery as the intended treatment pathway.RESULTS 132 people responded to the survey invitation with 80%working in Acute NHS Trusts.Currently 45%of respondents perform less than 100 day-case surgeries per year for these procedures.78%felt that there was scope to perform more procedures as day-case at their centre.Post-operative pain(34%)and patient satisfaction(10%)was not highly measured within their centres.Lack of adequate physiotherapy input pre/post-operatively(23%)and lack of out of hours support(21%)were the top perceived barriers to performing more major foot and ankle procedures as day-case.CONCLUSION There is consensus among UK surgeons to do more major foot/ankle procedures as day-case.Out of hours support and physiotherapy input pre/post-op were perceived as the main barriers.Despite theoretical concerns about post-operative pain and satisfaction this was only measured by a third of those surveyed.There is a need for nationally agreed protocols to optimise the delivery of and measurement of outcomes in this type of surgery.At a local level,the provision of physiotherapy and out of hours support should be explored at sites where this is a perceived barrier.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276192)。
文摘Hyperspectral image super-resolution,which refers to reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral image from the input low-resolution observation,aims to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral image,which is beneficial for subsequent applications.The development of deep learning has promoted significant progress in hyperspectral image super-resolution,and the powerful expression capabilities of deep neural networks make the predicted results more reliable.Recently,several latest deep learning technologies have made the hyperspectral image super-resolution method explode.However,a comprehensive review and analysis of the latest deep learning methods from the hyperspectral image super-resolution perspective is absent.To this end,in this survey,we first introduce the concept of hyperspectral image super-resolution and classify the methods from the perspectives with or without auxiliary information.Then,we review the learning-based methods in three categories,including single hyperspectral image super-resolution,panchromatic-based hyperspectral image super-resolution,and multispectral-based hyperspectral image super-resolution.Subsequently,we summarize the commonly used hyperspectral dataset,and the evaluations for some representative methods in three categories are performed qualitatively and quantitatively.Moreover,we briefly introduce several typical applications of hyperspectral image super-resolution,including ground object classification,urban change detection,and ecosystem monitoring.Finally,we provide the conclusion and challenges in existing learning-based methods,looking forward to potential future research directions.
基金the Thai Health Promotion Foundation for research funding。
文摘Background:Understanding factors influencing adolescents’ sport/exercise participation(S/EP) is vital to developing effective interventions,but currently,evidence from less developed countries is limited.The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of S/EP across individual,interpersonal,and environmental levels in a nationally representative sample of Thai adolescents.Methods:Data from 4617 Thai adolescents aged 14-17 years old were obtained from recruited schools across Thailand.Data on S/EP(outcome variable),and psychosocial,home,and community environment covariates were collected from individual adolescents using the Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey,Student Questionnaire.School environmental data were collected at the school level using a School Built Environment Audit.Hierarchical regressions taking into account school clustering effects were applied for data analysis.Results:At the individual level,age and body mass index were independently and strongly correlated with S/EP.Adolescents with high preference for physical activity(PA)(odd ratio(OR)=1.71,p <0.001) and at least a moderate level of self-efficacy(OR=1.33,p=0.001) were more likely to have high S/EP.At the interpersonal level,adolescents whose parents joined their sports/exercise at least 1-2 times/week(OR=1.36,p=0.003) received>3 types of parental support(OR=1.43,p=0.005) and who received siblings’(OR=1.26,p=0.004) and friends’(OR=1.99,p <0.001) support had a greater chance of high S/EP.At the environmental level,adolescents’ S/EP was greater when there were at least 3-4 pieces of home sport/exercise equipment(OR=2.77,p=0.003),grass areas at school(OR=1.56,p <0.001),and at least 1-2 PA facilities in the community(OR=1.30,p=0.009).Conclusion:Multiple factors at different levels within an ecological framework influencing Thai adolescents’ S/EP were generally similar to those found in developed countries,despite some differences.For those interested in promoting and supporting Thai adolescents’ engagement in sports/exercise,further exploration of the influence of self-efficacy and attitude toward PA is required at the individual level;parental and peer support at the interpersonal level;and home sport equipment,school grass areas,and neighborhood PA facilities at the environment level.
文摘Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.
基金This project,as one of five key projects,is being carried out by using FAST,a Chinese national mega-science facility built and operated by the National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.11988101 and 11833009)+5 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.QYZDJ-SSWSLH021)supported by the Cultivation Project for the FAST scientific Payoff and Research Achievement of CAMS-CASsupported by NSFC No.12133004,partially supported by NSFC No.U1731120partially supported by the NSFC No.11873058,partially supported by NSFC No.U2031115partially supported by the National SKA program of China No.2020SKA0120200partially supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project No.202102010466。
文摘We have carried out the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey by using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),the most sensitive systematic pulsar survey in the Galactic plane.In addition to more than 500 pulsars already discovered through normal periodical search,we report here the discovery of 76 new transient radio sources with sporadic strong pulses,detected by using the newly developed module for a sensitive single-pulse search.Their small DM values suggest that they all are Galactic rotating radio transients(RRATs).They show different properties in the follow-up observations.More radio pulses have been detected from 26 transient radio sources but no periods can be found due to a limited small number of pulses from all FAST observations.The followup observations show that 16 transient sources are newly identified as being the prototypes of RRATs with a period already determined from more detected sporadic pulses,and 10 sources are extremely nulling pulsars,and 24 sources are weak pulsars with sparse strong pulses.On the other hand,48 previously known RRATs have been detected by the FAST,either during verification observations for the GPPS survey or through targeted observations of applied normal FAST projects.Except for one RRAT with four pulses detected in a session of 5-minute observation and four RRATs with only one pulse detected in a session,sensitive FAST observations reveal that 43 RRATs are just generally weak pulsars with sporadic strong pulses or simply very nulling pulsars,so that the previously known RRATs always have an extreme emission state together with a normal hardly detectable weak emission state.This is echoed by the two normal pulsars J1938+2213 and J1946+1449 with occasional brightening pulses.Though strong pulses of RRATs are very outstanding in the energy distribution,their polarization angle variations follow the polarization angle curve of the averaged normal pulse profile,suggesting that the predominant sparse pulses of RRATs are emitted in the same region with the same geometry as normal weak pulsars.
文摘The cereal group occupies a prominent place in the dietary habits of people in northern Benin and there is little recent information on cereal consumption. This study aims to assess the consumption, acquisition and supply of cereals to households in the community of Djougou. A semi-directive survey with KoBoCollect was conducted among 369 households to collect individual cereal food consumption data. The survey data processed by statistical tools showed that the most consumed cereals are maize (95%, p = 0.887), millet (58%, p = 0.755), rice (55%, p = 0.753), sorghum (15%, p = 0.635), wheat (5%, p = 0.920) and fonio barely 5%. The most common mode of acquisition in Djougou is purchase (50%, p = 0.947) but donation is also observed (25%, p = 0.988) as well as production observed in 20.6% of households. Purchases are made from retailers in local markets (45%, p = 0.920) but also in streets and alleys (30%, p = 0.765). The most widely used preservation technique is drying at room temperature (70%, p = 0.995). Households most often dry in the areas provided in the field (50%, p = 0.783) and at home (40%, p = 0.643). The preferred storage location is the kitchen (60%, p = 0.790). The bedroom (20%, 0.669) and the store (15%, 0.522) are the alternative places for storing cereals. In addition, the supply costs of cereals increased between 2020 and 2021. This vertiginous rise in prices is due, among other things, to the covid19 pandemic. The various data generated not only make it possible to have fresh data but also to invest them in the assessment of health risks for the achievement of a high level of protection of the health and life of consumers.
