Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured...Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured feedback.The key challenge lies in transforming abstract user needs into specific ones,requiring integration and analysis.Therefore,we propose a topic mining-based approach to categorize,summarize,and rank product requirements from user stories.Specifically,after determining the number of story categories based on py LDAvis,we initially classify“I want to”phrases within user stories.Subsequently,classic topic models are applied to each category to generate their names,defining each post-classification user story category as a requirement.Furthermore,a weighted ranking function is devised to calculate the importance of each requirement.Finally,we validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method using 2966 crowd-sourced user stories related to smart home systems.展开更多
The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks r...The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a concern.This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork environments.We employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja simulator.Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and APC.These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks.Furthermore,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.展开更多
In software testing,the quality of test cases is crucial,but manual generation is time-consuming.Various automatic test case generation methods exist,requiring careful selection based on program features.Current evalu...In software testing,the quality of test cases is crucial,but manual generation is time-consuming.Various automatic test case generation methods exist,requiring careful selection based on program features.Current evaluation methods compare a limited set of metrics,which does not support a larger number of metrics or consider the relative importance of each metric to the final assessment.To address this,we propose an evaluation tool,the Test Case Generation Evaluator(TCGE),based on the learning to rank(L2R)algorithm.Unlike previous approaches,our method comprehensively evaluates algorithms by considering multiple metrics,resulting in a more reasoned assessment.The main principle of the TCGE is the formation of feature vectors that are of concern by the tester.Through training,the feature vectors are sorted to generate a list,with the order of the methods on the list determined according to their effectiveness on the tested assembly.We implement TCGE using three L2R algorithms:Listnet,LambdaMART,and RFLambdaMART.Evaluation employs a dataset with features of classical test case generation algorithms and three metrics—Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain(NDCG),Mean Average Precision(MAP),and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR).Results demonstrate the TCGE’s superior effectiveness in evaluating test case generation algorithms compared to other methods.Among the three L2R algorithms,RFLambdaMART proves the most effective,achieving an accuracy above 96.5%,surpassing LambdaMART by 2%and Listnet by 1.5%.Consequently,the TCGE framework exhibits significant application value in the evaluation of test case generation algorithms.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations and potential implications of the Osteoprotegerin(OPG)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand(RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear ...Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations and potential implications of the Osteoprotegerin(OPG)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand(RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B(RANK)signaling pathway factors in a murine model of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI).This research aimed to offer novel insights into the mechanistic exploration of SA-AKI.Methods:The SA-AKI model group(CLP group)was established through cecal ligation and puncture surgery(CLP),while the control group consisted of sham-operated animals(Sham group)subjected only to laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture.Blood samples were collected 24 h post-surgery,and murine kidney tissues were harvested upon euthanasia.Serum levels of Serum Creatinine(Scr)and Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)were quantified using assay kits.Furthermore,serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Renal tissue pathological alterations were examined employing hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the mRNA and protein levels of OPG,RANKL,and RANK in murine kidney tissues were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Results:Comparative analysis revealed that,in comparison to the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of Scr,BUN,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β,with statistically significant disparities(all P<0.05).Histopathological examination of the CLP group's kidneys unveiled glomerular congestion,edema,partial ischemic wrinkling,enlargement of interstitial spaces,the presence of necrotic epithelial cells in select renal tubules,tubular luminal dilation,varying degrees of interstitial edema,and infiltration by a limited number of inflammatory cells.In parallel,relative to the Sham group,the CLP group exhibited substantial upregulation in mRNA expression of OPG and RANK in renal tissues,while RANKL mRNA expression experienced marked downregulation,with statistically significant distinctions(all P<0.05).Moreover,in comparison with the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated an elevation in protein expression of OPG and RANK in kidney tissues,whereas RANKL protein expression displayed significant downregulation,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion:In a murine sepsis model,augmented expression of OPG and RANK,coupled with diminished RANKL expression,suggests the potential involvement of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway in the pathophysiological progression of SA-AKI.展开更多
Multi-view Subspace Clustering (MVSC) emerges as an advanced clustering method, designed to integrate diverse views to uncover a common subspace, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of clustering results. The signif...Multi-view Subspace Clustering (MVSC) emerges as an advanced clustering method, designed to integrate diverse views to uncover a common subspace, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of clustering results. The significance of low-rank prior in MVSC is emphasized, highlighting its role in capturing the global data structure across views for improved performance. However, it faces challenges with outlier sensitivity due to its reliance on the Frobenius norm for error measurement. Addressing this, our paper proposes a Low-Rank Multi-view Subspace Clustering Based on Sparse Regularization (LMVSC- Sparse) approach. Sparse regularization helps in selecting the most relevant features or views for clustering while ignoring irrelevant or noisy ones. This leads to a more efficient and effective representation of the data, improving the clustering accuracy and robustness, especially in the presence of outliers or noisy data. By incorporating sparse regularization, LMVSC-Sparse can effectively handle outlier sensitivity, which is a common challenge in traditional MVSC methods relying solely on low-rank priors. Then Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed optimization problems. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of LMVSC-Sparse, offering a robust alternative to traditional MVSC methods.展开更多
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimensionality reduction, but its sensitivity to feature scale and outliers limits its applicability. Robust Principal Component Anal...Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimensionality reduction, but its sensitivity to feature scale and outliers limits its applicability. Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) addresses these limitations by decomposing data into a low-rank matrix capturing the underlying structure and a sparse matrix identifying outliers, enhancing robustness against noise and outliers. This paper introduces a novel RPCA variant, Robust PCA Integrating Sparse and Low-rank Priors (RPCA-SL). Each prior targets a specific aspect of the data’s underlying structure and their combination allows for a more nuanced and accurate separation of the main data components from outliers and noise. Then RPCA-SL is solved by employing a proximal gradient algorithm for improved anomaly detection and data decomposition. Experimental results on simulation and real data demonstrate significant advancements.展开更多
A number of previous papers have studied the problem of recovering low-rank matrices with noise, further combining the noisy and perturbed cases, we propose a nonconvex Schatten p-norm minimization method to deal with...A number of previous papers have studied the problem of recovering low-rank matrices with noise, further combining the noisy and perturbed cases, we propose a nonconvex Schatten p-norm minimization method to deal with the recovery of fully perturbed low-rank matrices. By utilizing the p-null space property (p-NSP) and the p-restricted isometry property (p-RIP) of the matrix, sufficient conditions to ensure that the stable and accurate reconstruction for low-rank matrix in the case of full perturbation are derived, and two upper bound recovery error estimation ns are given. These estimations are characterized by two vital aspects, one involving the best r-approximation error and the other concerning the overall noise. Specifically, this paper obtains two new error upper bounds based on the fact that p-RIP and p-NSP are able to recover accurately and stably low-rank matrix, and to some extent improve the conditions corresponding to RIP.展开更多
Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informati...Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informative sentences from biomedical articles is always challenging.This study aims to develop a dual-mode biomedical text summarization model to achieve enhanced coverage and information.The research also includes checking the fitment of appropriate graph ranking techniques for improved performance of the summarization model.The input biomedical text is mapped as a graph where meaningful sentences are evaluated as the central node and the critical associations between them.The proposed framework utilizes the top k similarity technique in a combination of UMLS and a sampled probability-based clustering method which aids in unearthing relevant meanings of the biomedical domain-specific word vectors and finding the best possible associations between crucial sentences.The quality of the framework is assessed via different parameters like information retention,coverage,readability,cohesion,and ROUGE scores in clustering and non-clustering modes.The significant benefits of the suggested technique are capturing crucial biomedical information with increased coverage and reasonable memory consumption.The configurable settings of combined parameters reduce execution time,enhance memory utilization,and extract relevant information outperforming other biomedical baseline models.An improvement of 17%is achieved when the proposed model is checked against similar biomedical text summarizers.展开更多
Nonparametric(distribution-free)control charts have been introduced in recent years when quality characteristics do not follow a specific distribution.When the sample selection is prohibitively expensive,we prefer ran...Nonparametric(distribution-free)control charts have been introduced in recent years when quality characteristics do not follow a specific distribution.When the sample selection is prohibitively expensive,we prefer ranked-set sampling over simple random sampling because ranked set sampling-based control charts outperform simple random sampling-based control charts.In this study,we proposed a nonparametric homogeneously weighted moving average based on theWilcoxon signed-rank test with ranked set sampling(NPHWMARSS)control chart for detecting shifts in the process location of a continuous and symmetric distribution.Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain the run length characteristics to evaluate the performance of the proposed NPHWMARSS control chart.The proposed NPHWMARSS control chart’s performance is compared to that of parametric and nonparametric control charts.These control charts include the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with simple random sampling based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,the nonparametric EWMA sign control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with ranked set sampling-based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,and the homogeneously weighted moving average control charts.The findings show that the proposed NPHWMARSS control chart performs better than its competitors,particularly for the small shifts.Finally,an example is presented to demonstrate how the proposed scheme can be implemented practically.展开更多
核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappa B Ligand,RANKL)、核因子-κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B,RANK)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)作为肿瘤坏死因子家族的成员...核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappa B Ligand,RANKL)、核因子-κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B,RANK)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)作为肿瘤坏死因子家族的成员,通过RANKL/RANK/OPG信号通路调节破骨细胞发生及成熟,调控骨代谢,其表达水平直接影响骨质代谢与重塑,现被广泛研究。RANKL/RANK/OPG通路在口腔颌面部形成及改建过程中发挥了关键作用,直接或间接反映出口腔骨破坏类疾病的发生与发展状态。该通路的失衡往往伴随RANKL的增加和(或)OPG的减少,RANKL/OPG的比值影响破骨细胞的成熟及功能,但部分疾病中相关因子的表达水平存在争议,且尚无能应用于临床疾病诊疗的阈值。本文就RANKL/RANK/OPG信号通路调节机制及其在牙周炎、种植、牙齿发育、正畸、颌面部骨缺损修复与再生等口腔相关领域的研究现状进行综述,以进一步探讨口腔中骨代谢及骨破坏类疾病的调节机制,并评价相关因子作为生物标志物的诊断和预后潜力,以期指导临床诊疗及探寻可能的免疫调节靶点。展开更多
Well-developed pores and cracks in coal reservoirs are the main venues for gas storage and migration.To investigate the multi-scale pore fractal characteristics,six coal samples of different rankings were studied usin...Well-developed pores and cracks in coal reservoirs are the main venues for gas storage and migration.To investigate the multi-scale pore fractal characteristics,six coal samples of different rankings were studied using high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI),low-pressure nitrogen adsorption(LPGA-N2),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test methods.Based on the Frankel,Halsey and Hill(FHH)fractal theory,the Menger sponge model,Pores and Cracks Analysis System(PCAS),pore volume complexity(D_(v)),coal surface irregularity(Ds)and pore distribution heterogeneity(D_(p))were studied and evaluated,respectively.The effect of three fractal dimensions on the gas adsorption ability was also analyzed with high-pressure isothermal gas adsorption experiments.Results show that pore structures within these coal samples have obvious fractal characteristics.A noticeable segmentation effect appears in the Dv1and Dv2fitting process,with the boundary size ranging from 36.00 to 182.95 nm,which helps differentiate diffusion pores and seepage fractures.The D values show an asymmetric U-shaped trend as the coal metamorphism increases,demonstrating that coalification greatly affects the pore fractal dimensions.The three fractal dimensions can characterize the difference in coal microstructure and reflect their influence on gas adsorption ability.Langmuir volume(V_(L))has an evident and positive correlation with Dsvalues,whereas Langmuir pressure(P_(L))is mainly affected by the combined action of Dvand Dp.This study will provide valuable knowledge for the appraisal of coal seam gas reservoirs of differently ranked coals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71690233,71901214)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of high-end products,crowd-sourcing user stories can be seen as an effective means of gathering requirements,involving a large user base and generating a substantial amount of unstructured feedback.The key challenge lies in transforming abstract user needs into specific ones,requiring integration and analysis.Therefore,we propose a topic mining-based approach to categorize,summarize,and rank product requirements from user stories.Specifically,after determining the number of story categories based on py LDAvis,we initially classify“I want to”phrases within user stories.Subsequently,classic topic models are applied to each category to generate their names,defining each post-classification user story category as a requirement.Furthermore,a weighted ranking function is devised to calculate the importance of each requirement.Finally,we validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method using 2966 crowd-sourced user stories related to smart home systems.
文摘The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)ecosystem.Despite its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a concern.This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork environments.We employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja simulator.Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and APC.These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks.Furthermore,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.
文摘In software testing,the quality of test cases is crucial,but manual generation is time-consuming.Various automatic test case generation methods exist,requiring careful selection based on program features.Current evaluation methods compare a limited set of metrics,which does not support a larger number of metrics or consider the relative importance of each metric to the final assessment.To address this,we propose an evaluation tool,the Test Case Generation Evaluator(TCGE),based on the learning to rank(L2R)algorithm.Unlike previous approaches,our method comprehensively evaluates algorithms by considering multiple metrics,resulting in a more reasoned assessment.The main principle of the TCGE is the formation of feature vectors that are of concern by the tester.Through training,the feature vectors are sorted to generate a list,with the order of the methods on the list determined according to their effectiveness on the tested assembly.We implement TCGE using three L2R algorithms:Listnet,LambdaMART,and RFLambdaMART.Evaluation employs a dataset with features of classical test case generation algorithms and three metrics—Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain(NDCG),Mean Average Precision(MAP),and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR).Results demonstrate the TCGE’s superior effectiveness in evaluating test case generation algorithms compared to other methods.Among the three L2R algorithms,RFLambdaMART proves the most effective,achieving an accuracy above 96.5%,surpassing LambdaMART by 2%and Listnet by 1.5%.Consequently,the TCGE framework exhibits significant application value in the evaluation of test case generation algorithms.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01C604)。
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations and potential implications of the Osteoprotegerin(OPG)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand(RANKL)/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B(RANK)signaling pathway factors in a murine model of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury(SA-AKI).This research aimed to offer novel insights into the mechanistic exploration of SA-AKI.Methods:The SA-AKI model group(CLP group)was established through cecal ligation and puncture surgery(CLP),while the control group consisted of sham-operated animals(Sham group)subjected only to laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture.Blood samples were collected 24 h post-surgery,and murine kidney tissues were harvested upon euthanasia.Serum levels of Serum Creatinine(Scr)and Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN)were quantified using assay kits.Furthermore,serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Renal tissue pathological alterations were examined employing hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE),and the mRNA and protein levels of OPG,RANKL,and RANK in murine kidney tissues were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blotting.Results:Comparative analysis revealed that,in comparison to the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of Scr,BUN,IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β,with statistically significant disparities(all P<0.05).Histopathological examination of the CLP group's kidneys unveiled glomerular congestion,edema,partial ischemic wrinkling,enlargement of interstitial spaces,the presence of necrotic epithelial cells in select renal tubules,tubular luminal dilation,varying degrees of interstitial edema,and infiltration by a limited number of inflammatory cells.In parallel,relative to the Sham group,the CLP group exhibited substantial upregulation in mRNA expression of OPG and RANK in renal tissues,while RANKL mRNA expression experienced marked downregulation,with statistically significant distinctions(all P<0.05).Moreover,in comparison with the Sham group,the CLP group demonstrated an elevation in protein expression of OPG and RANK in kidney tissues,whereas RANKL protein expression displayed significant downregulation,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion:In a murine sepsis model,augmented expression of OPG and RANK,coupled with diminished RANKL expression,suggests the potential involvement of the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway in the pathophysiological progression of SA-AKI.
文摘Multi-view Subspace Clustering (MVSC) emerges as an advanced clustering method, designed to integrate diverse views to uncover a common subspace, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of clustering results. The significance of low-rank prior in MVSC is emphasized, highlighting its role in capturing the global data structure across views for improved performance. However, it faces challenges with outlier sensitivity due to its reliance on the Frobenius norm for error measurement. Addressing this, our paper proposes a Low-Rank Multi-view Subspace Clustering Based on Sparse Regularization (LMVSC- Sparse) approach. Sparse regularization helps in selecting the most relevant features or views for clustering while ignoring irrelevant or noisy ones. This leads to a more efficient and effective representation of the data, improving the clustering accuracy and robustness, especially in the presence of outliers or noisy data. By incorporating sparse regularization, LMVSC-Sparse can effectively handle outlier sensitivity, which is a common challenge in traditional MVSC methods relying solely on low-rank priors. Then Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed optimization problems. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of LMVSC-Sparse, offering a robust alternative to traditional MVSC methods.
文摘Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimensionality reduction, but its sensitivity to feature scale and outliers limits its applicability. Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) addresses these limitations by decomposing data into a low-rank matrix capturing the underlying structure and a sparse matrix identifying outliers, enhancing robustness against noise and outliers. This paper introduces a novel RPCA variant, Robust PCA Integrating Sparse and Low-rank Priors (RPCA-SL). Each prior targets a specific aspect of the data’s underlying structure and their combination allows for a more nuanced and accurate separation of the main data components from outliers and noise. Then RPCA-SL is solved by employing a proximal gradient algorithm for improved anomaly detection and data decomposition. Experimental results on simulation and real data demonstrate significant advancements.
文摘A number of previous papers have studied the problem of recovering low-rank matrices with noise, further combining the noisy and perturbed cases, we propose a nonconvex Schatten p-norm minimization method to deal with the recovery of fully perturbed low-rank matrices. By utilizing the p-null space property (p-NSP) and the p-restricted isometry property (p-RIP) of the matrix, sufficient conditions to ensure that the stable and accurate reconstruction for low-rank matrix in the case of full perturbation are derived, and two upper bound recovery error estimation ns are given. These estimations are characterized by two vital aspects, one involving the best r-approximation error and the other concerning the overall noise. Specifically, this paper obtains two new error upper bounds based on the fact that p-RIP and p-NSP are able to recover accurately and stably low-rank matrix, and to some extent improve the conditions corresponding to RIP.
文摘Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informative sentences from biomedical articles is always challenging.This study aims to develop a dual-mode biomedical text summarization model to achieve enhanced coverage and information.The research also includes checking the fitment of appropriate graph ranking techniques for improved performance of the summarization model.The input biomedical text is mapped as a graph where meaningful sentences are evaluated as the central node and the critical associations between them.The proposed framework utilizes the top k similarity technique in a combination of UMLS and a sampled probability-based clustering method which aids in unearthing relevant meanings of the biomedical domain-specific word vectors and finding the best possible associations between crucial sentences.The quality of the framework is assessed via different parameters like information retention,coverage,readability,cohesion,and ROUGE scores in clustering and non-clustering modes.The significant benefits of the suggested technique are capturing crucial biomedical information with increased coverage and reasonable memory consumption.The configurable settings of combined parameters reduce execution time,enhance memory utilization,and extract relevant information outperforming other biomedical baseline models.An improvement of 17%is achieved when the proposed model is checked against similar biomedical text summarizers.
基金Funds are available under the Grant No.RGP.2/132/43 at King Khalid University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nonparametric(distribution-free)control charts have been introduced in recent years when quality characteristics do not follow a specific distribution.When the sample selection is prohibitively expensive,we prefer ranked-set sampling over simple random sampling because ranked set sampling-based control charts outperform simple random sampling-based control charts.In this study,we proposed a nonparametric homogeneously weighted moving average based on theWilcoxon signed-rank test with ranked set sampling(NPHWMARSS)control chart for detecting shifts in the process location of a continuous and symmetric distribution.Monte Carlo simulations are used to obtain the run length characteristics to evaluate the performance of the proposed NPHWMARSS control chart.The proposed NPHWMARSS control chart’s performance is compared to that of parametric and nonparametric control charts.These control charts include the exponentially weighted moving average(EWMA)control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with simple random sampling based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,the nonparametric EWMA sign control chart,Wilcoxon signed-rank with ranked set sampling-based the nonparametric EWMA control chart,and the homogeneously weighted moving average control charts.The findings show that the proposed NPHWMARSS control chart performs better than its competitors,particularly for the small shifts.Finally,an example is presented to demonstrate how the proposed scheme can be implemented practically.
文摘核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappa B Ligand,RANKL)、核因子-κB受体活化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B,RANK)、骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)作为肿瘤坏死因子家族的成员,通过RANKL/RANK/OPG信号通路调节破骨细胞发生及成熟,调控骨代谢,其表达水平直接影响骨质代谢与重塑,现被广泛研究。RANKL/RANK/OPG通路在口腔颌面部形成及改建过程中发挥了关键作用,直接或间接反映出口腔骨破坏类疾病的发生与发展状态。该通路的失衡往往伴随RANKL的增加和(或)OPG的减少,RANKL/OPG的比值影响破骨细胞的成熟及功能,但部分疾病中相关因子的表达水平存在争议,且尚无能应用于临床疾病诊疗的阈值。本文就RANKL/RANK/OPG信号通路调节机制及其在牙周炎、种植、牙齿发育、正畸、颌面部骨缺损修复与再生等口腔相关领域的研究现状进行综述,以进一步探讨口腔中骨代谢及骨破坏类疾病的调节机制,并评价相关因子作为生物标志物的诊断和预后潜力,以期指导临床诊疗及探寻可能的免疫调节靶点。
基金The first author would like to express sincere appreciation for the scholarship provided by China Scholarship Council(No.202006430006)and University of Wollongongfinancially supported by the ACARP Project C28006+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0808301)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality,China(No.8192036)。
文摘Well-developed pores and cracks in coal reservoirs are the main venues for gas storage and migration.To investigate the multi-scale pore fractal characteristics,six coal samples of different rankings were studied using high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI),low-pressure nitrogen adsorption(LPGA-N2),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test methods.Based on the Frankel,Halsey and Hill(FHH)fractal theory,the Menger sponge model,Pores and Cracks Analysis System(PCAS),pore volume complexity(D_(v)),coal surface irregularity(Ds)and pore distribution heterogeneity(D_(p))were studied and evaluated,respectively.The effect of three fractal dimensions on the gas adsorption ability was also analyzed with high-pressure isothermal gas adsorption experiments.Results show that pore structures within these coal samples have obvious fractal characteristics.A noticeable segmentation effect appears in the Dv1and Dv2fitting process,with the boundary size ranging from 36.00 to 182.95 nm,which helps differentiate diffusion pores and seepage fractures.The D values show an asymmetric U-shaped trend as the coal metamorphism increases,demonstrating that coalification greatly affects the pore fractal dimensions.The three fractal dimensions can characterize the difference in coal microstructure and reflect their influence on gas adsorption ability.Langmuir volume(V_(L))has an evident and positive correlation with Dsvalues,whereas Langmuir pressure(P_(L))is mainly affected by the combined action of Dvand Dp.This study will provide valuable knowledge for the appraisal of coal seam gas reservoirs of differently ranked coals.
