Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for f...Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for fractured shale gas reservoirs is established,the optimization method of refracturing timing is proposed,and the influencing factors of refracturing timing are analyzed based on the data from shale gas well in Fuling of Sichuan Basin.The results show that due to the depletion of formation pressure,the percentage of the maximum horizontal principal stress reversal area in the total area increases and then decreases with time.The closer the area is to the hydraulic fracture,the shorter the time for the peak of the stress reversal area percentage curve to appear,and the shorter the time for the final zero return(to the initial state).The optimum time of refracturing is affected by matrix permeability,initial stress difference and natural fracture approach angle.The larger the matrix permeability and initial stress difference is,the shorter the time for stress reversal area percentage curve to reach peak and return to the initial state,and the earlier the time to take refracturing measures.The larger the natural fracture approach angle is,the more difficult it is for stress reversal to occur near the fracture,and the earlier the optimum refracturing time is.The more likely the stress reversal occurs at the far end of the artificial fracture,the later the optimal time of refracturing is.Reservoirs with low matrix permeability have a rapid decrease in single well productivity.To ensure economic efficiency,measures such as shut-in or gas injection can be taken to restore the stress,and refracturing can be implemented in advance.展开更多
Refracturing treatment is often performed on Russian carbonate reservoirs because of the quick production decline of reservoirs.The traditional refracturing model assumes that a refracture initiates in the normal dire...Refracturing treatment is often performed on Russian carbonate reservoirs because of the quick production decline of reservoirs.The traditional refracturing model assumes that a refracture initiates in the normal direction relative to the initial hydro-fracture.This assumption is inconsistent with oilfield measurements of refracture propagation trajectories.Indeed,the existing model is not based on an indepth understanding of initiation and propagation mechanisms of the second hydraulic fractures during refracturing.In this study,we use the extended finite element method to investigate refracture propagation paths at different initiation angles.Both the enriched function approach and phantom mode technique are incorporated into the refracturing model,thereby ensuring that the refracture can freely extend on the structured mesh without any refinement near the crack tips.Key factors including production time,stress anisotropy and initiation angle,and the propped mechanical effect are analyzed in detail.This study provides new insight into the mechanism of refracture propagation in unconventional reservoirs.展开更多
Tight oil reservoirs in Songliao Basin were taken as subjects and a novel idealized refracturing well concept was proposed by considering the special parameters of volume fracturing horizontal wells, the refracturing ...Tight oil reservoirs in Songliao Basin were taken as subjects and a novel idealized refracturing well concept was proposed by considering the special parameters of volume fracturing horizontal wells, the refracturing potential of candidate wells were graded and prioritized, and a production prediction model of refracturing considering the stress sensitivity was established using numerical simulation method to sort out the optimal refracturing method and timing. The simulations show that: with the same perforation clusters, the order of fracturing technologies with contribution to productivity from big to small is refracturing between existent fractured sections, orientation diversion inside fractures, extended refracturing, refracturing of existent fractures; and the later the refracturing timing, the shorter the effective time. Based on this, the prediction model of breakdown pressure considering the variation of formation pressure was used to find out the variation pattern of breakdown pressure of different positions at different production time. Through the classification of the breakdown pressure, the times of temporary plugging and diverting and the amount of temporary plugging agent were determined under the optimal refracturing timing. Daily oil production per well increased from 2.3 t/d to 16.5 t/d in the field test. The research results provide important reference for refracturing optimization design of similar tight oil reservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA)is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture(VCF),the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered.Chronic kidney disease-mi...BACKGROUND Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA)is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture(VCF),the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered.Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD)is a systemic disease of mineral and bone metabolism.It is associated with an increased risk of fracture.Few studies have reported the use of PVA in patients with CKD-MBD.We herein report a rare case wherein the cemented vertebra and the adjacent vertebra refractured simultaneously in a CKD-MBD patient after PVA.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man suffered from low back pain after taking a fall about 3 wk ago.According to physical examination,imaging and laboratory findings,diagnoses of T12 VCF,CKD-MBD,and chronic kidney disease stage 5 were established.He then received percutaneous vertebroplasty at T12 vertebra.Fourteen weeks later,he presented with T12 and L1 vertebral refractures caused by lumbar sprain.Once again,he was given PVA which was optimized for the refractured vertebrae.Although the short-term postoperative effect was satisfactory,he reported chronic low back pain again at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION It is necessary that patients with CKD-MBD who have received PVA are aware of the adverse effects of CKD-MBD.It may increase the risk of vertebral refracture.Furthermore,the PVA surgical technique needs to be optimized according to the condition of the patient.The medium-and long-term effects of PVA remain uncertain in patients with CKD-MBD.展开更多
目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)术后再骨折风险,构建风险预测模型,确定有效防治措施。方法选取2021年8月至2022年6月北京积水潭医院收治的119例OVCF患者作为研究对象,根据术后再骨...目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)术后再骨折风险,构建风险预测模型,确定有效防治措施。方法选取2021年8月至2022年6月北京积水潭医院收治的119例OVCF患者作为研究对象,根据术后再骨折与否分为再发组和非再发组,其中再发组22例,男11例,女11例;年龄55~86岁,平均(72.02±5.58)岁。非再发组97例,男50例,女47例;年龄55~86岁,平均(70.79±6.81)岁。统计两组一般资料,采用Lasso-Logistic回归模型筛选OVCF术后再发骨折自变量,采用赤池信息准则(Akaike’s information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)比较全变量Logistic回归、逐步Logistic、Lasso-Logistic回归预测效能,构建诺莫图模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)、校准曲线分析OVCF术后再发骨折诺莫图模型效能。结果术后随访8~20个月,平均(12.00±2.40)个月。单因素分析显示,再发组身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、骨密度T值、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TPACP-5b)、核因子kB受体激活因子配体(receptor acti-vator nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)、骨保护素(osteoprotegrin,OPG)、术后抗骨质疏松治疗、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-17、长期糖皮质激素使用史、脊柱畸形指数(spinal deformity index,SDI)值、手术段Cobb角、后凸角度与非再发组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Lasso-Logistic回归模型分析显示lambda.lse值0.049为最优模型,此时进入模型的变量涉及骨密度、SDI值、IL-17、术后抗骨质疏松治疗,经BIC、AIC验证表明所构建模型拟合和预测效果相对较好;诺莫图模型的ROC下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.865,敏感度及特异度分别为95.45%、68.04%,且校准曲线显示,其预测效能与实际吻合较好。结论OVCF术后再骨折的发生受围手术期多方面影响,涉及骨密度T值、SDI值、IL-17、术后抗骨质疏松治疗,基于以上因素可有效预测患者再骨折风险,为临床防治再骨折提供参考依据。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Project(U21B2071)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174033)National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(52304041).
文摘Based on the elastic theory of porous media,embedded discrete fracture model and finite volume method,and considering the micro-seepage mechanism of shale gas,a fully coupled seepage-geomechanical model suitable for fractured shale gas reservoirs is established,the optimization method of refracturing timing is proposed,and the influencing factors of refracturing timing are analyzed based on the data from shale gas well in Fuling of Sichuan Basin.The results show that due to the depletion of formation pressure,the percentage of the maximum horizontal principal stress reversal area in the total area increases and then decreases with time.The closer the area is to the hydraulic fracture,the shorter the time for the peak of the stress reversal area percentage curve to appear,and the shorter the time for the final zero return(to the initial state).The optimum time of refracturing is affected by matrix permeability,initial stress difference and natural fracture approach angle.The larger the matrix permeability and initial stress difference is,the shorter the time for stress reversal area percentage curve to reach peak and return to the initial state,and the earlier the time to take refracturing measures.The larger the natural fracture approach angle is,the more difficult it is for stress reversal to occur near the fracture,and the earlier the optimum refracturing time is.The more likely the stress reversal occurs at the far end of the artificial fracture,the later the optimal time of refracturing is.Reservoirs with low matrix permeability have a rapid decrease in single well productivity.To ensure economic efficiency,measures such as shut-in or gas injection can be taken to restore the stress,and refracturing can be implemented in advance.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.3222030)CNPC Innovation Found(Grant No.2021DQ02-0201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51936001 and 52174045)the Award Cultivation Foundation from Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(Project No.BIPTACF-002)
文摘Refracturing treatment is often performed on Russian carbonate reservoirs because of the quick production decline of reservoirs.The traditional refracturing model assumes that a refracture initiates in the normal direction relative to the initial hydro-fracture.This assumption is inconsistent with oilfield measurements of refracture propagation trajectories.Indeed,the existing model is not based on an indepth understanding of initiation and propagation mechanisms of the second hydraulic fractures during refracturing.In this study,we use the extended finite element method to investigate refracture propagation paths at different initiation angles.Both the enriched function approach and phantom mode technique are incorporated into the refracturing model,thereby ensuring that the refracture can freely extend on the structured mesh without any refinement near the crack tips.Key factors including production time,stress anisotropy and initiation angle,and the propped mechanical effect are analyzed in detail.This study provides new insight into the mechanism of refracture propagation in unconventional reservoirs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51525404,51504203)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05002002)
文摘Tight oil reservoirs in Songliao Basin were taken as subjects and a novel idealized refracturing well concept was proposed by considering the special parameters of volume fracturing horizontal wells, the refracturing potential of candidate wells were graded and prioritized, and a production prediction model of refracturing considering the stress sensitivity was established using numerical simulation method to sort out the optimal refracturing method and timing. The simulations show that: with the same perforation clusters, the order of fracturing technologies with contribution to productivity from big to small is refracturing between existent fractured sections, orientation diversion inside fractures, extended refracturing, refracturing of existent fractures; and the later the refracturing timing, the shorter the effective time. Based on this, the prediction model of breakdown pressure considering the variation of formation pressure was used to find out the variation pattern of breakdown pressure of different positions at different production time. Through the classification of the breakdown pressure, the times of temporary plugging and diverting and the amount of temporary plugging agent were determined under the optimal refracturing timing. Daily oil production per well increased from 2.3 t/d to 16.5 t/d in the field test. The research results provide important reference for refracturing optimization design of similar tight oil reservoirs.
文摘BACKGROUND Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA)is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture(VCF),the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered.Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD)is a systemic disease of mineral and bone metabolism.It is associated with an increased risk of fracture.Few studies have reported the use of PVA in patients with CKD-MBD.We herein report a rare case wherein the cemented vertebra and the adjacent vertebra refractured simultaneously in a CKD-MBD patient after PVA.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man suffered from low back pain after taking a fall about 3 wk ago.According to physical examination,imaging and laboratory findings,diagnoses of T12 VCF,CKD-MBD,and chronic kidney disease stage 5 were established.He then received percutaneous vertebroplasty at T12 vertebra.Fourteen weeks later,he presented with T12 and L1 vertebral refractures caused by lumbar sprain.Once again,he was given PVA which was optimized for the refractured vertebrae.Although the short-term postoperative effect was satisfactory,he reported chronic low back pain again at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION It is necessary that patients with CKD-MBD who have received PVA are aware of the adverse effects of CKD-MBD.It may increase the risk of vertebral refracture.Furthermore,the PVA surgical technique needs to be optimized according to the condition of the patient.The medium-and long-term effects of PVA remain uncertain in patients with CKD-MBD.
文摘目的探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)术后再骨折风险,构建风险预测模型,确定有效防治措施。方法选取2021年8月至2022年6月北京积水潭医院收治的119例OVCF患者作为研究对象,根据术后再骨折与否分为再发组和非再发组,其中再发组22例,男11例,女11例;年龄55~86岁,平均(72.02±5.58)岁。非再发组97例,男50例,女47例;年龄55~86岁,平均(70.79±6.81)岁。统计两组一般资料,采用Lasso-Logistic回归模型筛选OVCF术后再发骨折自变量,采用赤池信息准则(Akaike’s information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)比较全变量Logistic回归、逐步Logistic、Lasso-Logistic回归预测效能,构建诺莫图模型,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)、校准曲线分析OVCF术后再发骨折诺莫图模型效能。结果术后随访8~20个月,平均(12.00±2.40)个月。单因素分析显示,再发组身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、骨密度T值、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b,TPACP-5b)、核因子kB受体激活因子配体(receptor acti-vator nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)、骨保护素(osteoprotegrin,OPG)、术后抗骨质疏松治疗、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-17、长期糖皮质激素使用史、脊柱畸形指数(spinal deformity index,SDI)值、手术段Cobb角、后凸角度与非再发组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Lasso-Logistic回归模型分析显示lambda.lse值0.049为最优模型,此时进入模型的变量涉及骨密度、SDI值、IL-17、术后抗骨质疏松治疗,经BIC、AIC验证表明所构建模型拟合和预测效果相对较好;诺莫图模型的ROC下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.865,敏感度及特异度分别为95.45%、68.04%,且校准曲线显示,其预测效能与实际吻合较好。结论OVCF术后再骨折的发生受围手术期多方面影响,涉及骨密度T值、SDI值、IL-17、术后抗骨质疏松治疗,基于以上因素可有效预测患者再骨折风险,为临床防治再骨折提供参考依据。
