To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and d...To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and development modes.The results show that the development mode of holiday resorts in suburban Beijing is guided by state investment,collectively operated by rural residents,and supplemented by private or other investment types.展开更多
More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short p...More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.展开更多
Mixed methods were used to gain an understanding of Colorado ski resort employees＇ perceptions of diffusion ofsustainability innovation. Data included eight semi-structured interviews with sustainability managers fro...Mixed methods were used to gain an understanding of Colorado ski resort employees＇ perceptions of diffusion ofsustainability innovation. Data included eight semi-structured interviews with sustainability managers from six skiareas in Colorado and quantitative data from online surveys （N = 264） distributed to employees from five Coloradoski resorts. A sustainability framework coupled with diffusion of innovations theory linked the qualitative andquantitative data. The strongest indicator of corporate sustainability was innovativeness as it relates to leadership.General agreement between the two study groups pertained to drivers and barriers of corporate sustainability fromthe external environment, including competition, customer demand, and government regulations as well as therole of company size and financial structure. While sustainability managers considered innovation characteristicsas important factors affecting corporate sustainability, the second study group （employees not holdingsustainability-related positions） felt those items affected just one dimension of sustainability. Internalcommunication within the resort and the possible lack of understanding of corporate sustainability at allorganizational levels was a concern. Challenges and opportunities for organizational change towards corporatesustainability were noted from the mixed-methods approach.展开更多
To promote China’s tourism industry, the State Council has approved the setting up of a group of State holiday resorts, since October 1992, as follows: 1. Dalian Jinshitan State Holiday Resort. Located in Jinsihtan s...To promote China’s tourism industry, the State Council has approved the setting up of a group of State holiday resorts, since October 1992, as follows: 1. Dalian Jinshitan State Holiday Resort. Located in Jinsihtan scenic area in Dalian City, it covers 13.6 square kilometres and faces the sea on three sides. The resort is divided into a service area, villa area, scenic area,展开更多
The reformation of Heritage resorts management system is to establish a balance of interest mechanism that we must first be able to meet the Heritage resorts core stakeholders interest demands.The article takes the Wo...The reformation of Heritage resorts management system is to establish a balance of interest mechanism that we must first be able to meet the Heritage resorts core stakeholders interest demands.The article takes the World Heritage resorts Jiuzhaigou as an example,offering an approach of twodimensional management objectives to identify its core stakeholders,studing the interest demands and its implementation from an empirical perspective.The results show that heritage resorts involves a number of stakeholders with complex relationships in the tourism development; different heritage resorts with different core stakeholders; different core stakeholders with specific interest demands,the methods to meet their demand are different as well.展开更多
Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to w...Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.展开更多
Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Informat...Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.展开更多
Ecotourism is potentially the best growing segment in the international market. Many hoteliers in Sri Lanka promote the sustainable use of this concept as a new market-oriented concept. However, arrivals of eco touris...Ecotourism is potentially the best growing segment in the international market. Many hoteliers in Sri Lanka promote the sustainable use of this concept as a new market-oriented concept. However, arrivals of eco tourists to Sri Lanka have been less than 1% over the last decade. A comprehensive case study research approach was used to conduct this research. Interpretive paradigm and the social constructionists＇ philosophical stand of the researchers provided the opportunity to explore or describe a phenomenon in context using a variety of data sources. In the sample, managerial level staffs were selected to conduct in-depth interviews to explore the meaning of the term ＂eco resort＂. Analysis of in-depth interviews and observations showed that the practice of the eco resort concept has been misused by the hoteliers in Sri Lanka. They have been unable to classify the eco tourists and identify the market and customer segment clearly.展开更多
This subject and the association with the resorts and their traffic connections had developed from a formerly studied subject： ＂maritime connections to Haapsalu--how the vacationer arrived in the resort＂. After the...This subject and the association with the resorts and their traffic connections had developed from a formerly studied subject： ＂maritime connections to Haapsalu--how the vacationer arrived in the resort＂. After the first passenger steamer, PS Comet, was deployed in 1812 on the river Clyde, this new vessel type was used for commercial services. It was recognized quite soon that steamboats had big potential for recreational activities. This paper uses the deductive and the comparative historical methods to examine how these trends were followed in the Baltic region. Deductive method is used for explaining the common trends in using the early steamers, for example, Baltic region. Comparative history method is, on the one hand, used for showing the differences and similarities between Baltic region and Europe steamers traffic developments in 19th century. On the other hand, there is used comparison of the steamer routes and their coherence with resorts vacationer numbers. The aim of this paper is to explain how resorts were integrated into steamship schedules by shipping companies operating in the Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire.展开更多
In Liaoning Province,there are 30-plus ski resorts and more than 100 ice&snow theme parks covering all the 14 cities of the province.The people can experience the high speed and excitement of skiing as much as the...In Liaoning Province,there are 30-plus ski resorts and more than 100 ice&snow theme parks covering all the 14 cities of the province.The people can experience the high speed and excitement of skiing as much as they like,while enjoying the in finite fun of ice&snow games including skating,ice gyro,bumper car on ice,ice slide,sleigh,and interesting sports such as ice dragon boat,ice spike crossing,iceboating,etc.展开更多
Ski resort abandonment is more frequent due to global warming,which progressively reduces snowpack and persistence.However,projects aiming for new resorts in the Apennines have proliferated.Such economic investments a...Ski resort abandonment is more frequent due to global warming,which progressively reduces snowpack and persistence.However,projects aiming for new resorts in the Apennines have proliferated.Such economic investments are risky,especially without long-term data on snow cover duration.Our aim,thus,is to provide the first census of abandoned ski resorts in the Apennines and compare them with the resorts currently open to understand the causes that led to their abandonment.Subsequently,we explore factors behind resort failure by analyzing the relationships between climatic,geomorphological,and economic variables.Overall,we found 101 ski resorts in the Apennines,of which 28 were open,41 closed and abandoned and 32 partially closed(i.e.,closed in more than at least 7 years in the last 10 years).The closed and partially closed resorts represent 358 km of ski slopes(44%of total available).The number of structures per resort(i.e.ski lifts,chair lifts)is higher for open compared to partially closed and closed ones.Notably,the maximum elevation reached by the resorts is higher for those open(1793 m a.s.l.)than for those partially closed(1687 m a.s.l.)and especially those closed(1577 m a.s.l.).Finally,the mean size of the resorts in terms of skiable track length is larger for open(15.7 km)than partially closed(7.1 km)and closed resorts(3.2 km).The average duration of operation for abandoned resorts is 29.5 years,varying from a maximum of 56 years to a minimum of 0 years for two sites that were never opened after reconstruction.The year of abandonment is positively associated with the maximum elevation,size,and duration of operation.Furthermore,the duration of operation is negatively correlated with the construction year.Our multivariate analysis confirms and strengthens the hypothesis for the causes that lead to abandonment are multi-factorial.Most of the closed resorts are located at low altitude and have small ski areas although some higher altitude sites have also been abandoned in recent years.This information can be useful for investors,policymakers,and stakeholders who should use it as a starting point when designing and planning new resorts to avoid future failures and the loss of public money.展开更多
Purpose:The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district,Zhangjiakou city,one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics.Careful evaluation is required to observe which i...Purpose:The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district,Zhangjiakou city,one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics.Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances,and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results.Methods:In this retrospective study,the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China(Chongli district)and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts.We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017–2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons.We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service–Japan Ski Safety Association.The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts.Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.Results:During the 2019–2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts,the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93,of which 457(17.3%)were over 50 years old,accounting for a large proportion of injuries,meanwhile in Chongli ski resort,the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%.The knee joint(23.7%at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4%in Japanese ski resorts)was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers.Among snowboarders,shoulder joint injury(17.7%in Japanese ski resorts)was the most common,and injury on hands and fingers(16.3%in Wanlong ski resorts)was the most common.Head injury rates are similar in Chongli,China and Japanese ski resorts(8.2%and 8.7%,respectively).Conclusion:Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts(Chongli district)than that in Japanese ski resorts,and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts.Thus,according to our research,the protection of knee joints,shoulder joints,and hands and fingers should be taken seriously.It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles(for finger protection),and use protective devices such as knee pads,helmets,etc.展开更多
Chinese skiing tourism is rapidly developing,but it will be potentially affected by snow resources and climate conditions.This study systematically analysed the spatial characteristics of snow resources,climatic condi...Chinese skiing tourism is rapidly developing,but it will be potentially affected by snow resources and climate conditions.This study systematically analysed the spatial characteristics of snow resources,climatic conditions and ski resorts in China;revealed the potential impacts of climatic environment on current ski resorts by using Regional Climate Model(RegCM4.4);and proposed suggestions for climate resource assessment and spatial planning of ski resorts.The mean snow depth and snow cover days are more than 4.50 cm and 150 d between the years 2000 and 2014,respectively,in high-latitude areas,where fewer ski resorts are located.In the middle-low latitude areas,the mean snow depth and snow cover days are less than 3.00 cm and 100 d,respectively,with ski resorts being intensively distributed.In most of these areas,the pronounced climate warming exceeded 0.50℃ during the ski period of 2009–2015 relative to 1961–2015,and mean annual precipitation was less than 800 mm,with some even less than 400 mm.In the 2030s and 2050s,the regions with drastic temperature increases are mainly in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,Northeast China,and the Yangtze River Basin.The upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are expected to experience reduced snowfalland temperature increases with an almost 1–1.6℃,respectively.In this context,some ski resorts will face major threats because of shortened skiing durations and rising management costs.Skiing tourism should not pursue a one-sided growth rate in the number of ski resorts in areas with short snowpack periods.Instead,it should rely highly on snow resources,climatic conditions,geographical environment,population and economic basis,and rationalise its spatial layout to promote the industry towards sustainable development.展开更多
Ski resorts are one of the bases for the development of ice-snow sports and tourism,and they are also a hot topic of social concern.Taking 117 ski resorts in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei as the research object,geospatial...Ski resorts are one of the bases for the development of ice-snow sports and tourism,and they are also a hot topic of social concern.Taking 117 ski resorts in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei as the research object,geospatial analysis methods such as kernel density and spatial autocorrelation were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the ski resorts.The geographic detector was used to deeply explore the underlying factors influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in terms of policy factors,natural factors and economic and social factors.This study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region showed a significant Olympic event-driven characteristic.From 2009 to 2021,the spatial pattern of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has changed from“single-core development”,to a“single-core with multi-point”layout,and then to a“multi-core”layout.The spatial pattern has changed from agglomeration to diffusion.Cold and hot spots of the spatial and temporal characteristics in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resort have shifted from north to south,from the initial suburbs of Beijing to the southern cities of Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai and other cities in Hebei Province.The spatial and temporal distribution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has been influenced by many factors,from“GDP per capita”to“population density”to“policy quantity”,showing a shift from“Economic-driven”to“population-driven”to“policy-driven”processes.展开更多
On October 7th,2023,a devastating conflict erupted between Gaza and Israel,causing around 40000 deaths and over 90000 injuries.The war has displaced more than 1.9 million people,who now live in overcrowded tent camps ...On October 7th,2023,a devastating conflict erupted between Gaza and Israel,causing around 40000 deaths and over 90000 injuries.The war has displaced more than 1.9 million people,who now live in overcrowded tent camps facing severe shortages of clean water,sanitation,fuel,electricity,and food.Many rely on international aid and resort to unsafe methods for basic needs[1].The Gaza Strip,a tiny coastal area of just 365 square kilometers with 2.3 million residents,is one of the world's most densely populated regions.Already burdened by inadequate infrastructure,the ongoing war has worsened conditions,caused the collapse of sewage and water systems and severely disrupted daily life.This devastation has created a breeding ground for infectious diseases,especially among the displaced people living in overcrowded camps[2,3].展开更多
This winter witnessed the popularity of cities in Northeast China,especially Harbin.People’s enthusiasm for the ice and snow grew,and more and more people started to focus on and engage in the ice-snow industry.At th...This winter witnessed the popularity of cities in Northeast China,especially Harbin.People’s enthusiasm for the ice and snow grew,and more and more people started to focus on and engage in the ice-snow industry.At the ski resort,skiing enthusiasts from all over the country wear goggles and sprint down slopes on their snowboards.展开更多
Resilience has become an important concept for the ski resorts of China,which have suffered heavy losses due to COVID-19.In order to help China’s ski resort service industry successfully adapt to the crisis and achie...Resilience has become an important concept for the ski resorts of China,which have suffered heavy losses due to COVID-19.In order to help China’s ski resort service industry successfully adapt to the crisis and achieve sustainable development,the goal of this paper is to develop the definition of resilience of the ski resort service industry through interviews based on the concept and general analysis framework of resilience.The ski resort resilience theory analysis framework is then constructed from the three basic elements(market,skiing,and stakeholders)and four system features(flexibility,adaptability,and collaborative learning ability).The results indicate several measures that can be taken to spread risk:enrich the product supply;eliminate risks and build a multi-agent networked industrial governance system;and establish a risk prevention and management mechanism based on a multi-organization alternative learning mechanism to overcome the difficulties encountered in the development of ski resorts.展开更多
The Gloria Hotels & Resorts 2011 Road Show kicked off on September 1 at the Celebrity International Grand Hotel Beijing with a "Xiexie Evening." The cele bration was held to thank media, corporate client...The Gloria Hotels & Resorts 2011 Road Show kicked off on September 1 at the Celebrity International Grand Hotel Beijing with a "Xiexie Evening." The cele bration was held to thank media, corporate clients,travel agents and partners for their support of Gloria Hotels & Resorts in China and abroad.During the evening,展开更多
A signing ceremony was held recently at Kolam Gloria Plaza Hotel Hefei for the signing of the management contract between Gloria Hotels and Resorts and The Real
文摘To study the investment activities of tourism developers in suburban tourism destinations of metropolis.421 holiday resorts around Beijing City are selected to study the evolution process of their economic types and development modes.The results show that the development mode of holiday resorts in suburban Beijing is guided by state investment,collectively operated by rural residents,and supplemented by private or other investment types.
文摘More and more foreigners come to China on business or for a tour, which makes the translation of public signs important and necessary. Focused on the public sign in scenic resorts, this article briefly gives a short presentation for the present study status; and the errors in the translation of signs are set forth from the viewpoint of three rules of Skopostheorie. Some suggestions are proposed to make a further study of public signs with a wide scope of examples.
文摘Mixed methods were used to gain an understanding of Colorado ski resort employees＇ perceptions of diffusion ofsustainability innovation. Data included eight semi-structured interviews with sustainability managers from six skiareas in Colorado and quantitative data from online surveys （N = 264） distributed to employees from five Coloradoski resorts. A sustainability framework coupled with diffusion of innovations theory linked the qualitative andquantitative data. The strongest indicator of corporate sustainability was innovativeness as it relates to leadership.General agreement between the two study groups pertained to drivers and barriers of corporate sustainability fromthe external environment, including competition, customer demand, and government regulations as well as therole of company size and financial structure. While sustainability managers considered innovation characteristicsas important factors affecting corporate sustainability, the second study group （employees not holdingsustainability-related positions） felt those items affected just one dimension of sustainability. Internalcommunication within the resort and the possible lack of understanding of corporate sustainability at allorganizational levels was a concern. Challenges and opportunities for organizational change towards corporatesustainability were noted from the mixed-methods approach.
文摘To promote China’s tourism industry, the State Council has approved the setting up of a group of State holiday resorts, since October 1992, as follows: 1. Dalian Jinshitan State Holiday Resort. Located in Jinsihtan scenic area in Dalian City, it covers 13.6 square kilometres and faces the sea on three sides. The resort is divided into a service area, villa area, scenic area,
基金supported by National Social Science Fund of China ( Grant No.12XMZ070)
文摘The reformation of Heritage resorts management system is to establish a balance of interest mechanism that we must first be able to meet the Heritage resorts core stakeholders interest demands.The article takes the World Heritage resorts Jiuzhaigou as an example,offering an approach of twodimensional management objectives to identify its core stakeholders,studing the interest demands and its implementation from an empirical perspective.The results show that heritage resorts involves a number of stakeholders with complex relationships in the tourism development; different heritage resorts with different core stakeholders; different core stakeholders with specific interest demands,the methods to meet their demand are different as well.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.03BJY084)
文摘Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents' attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents' perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents' attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents' attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents' attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents' attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents' attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations.
文摘Based on the study of visitors' individual spatial behaviors, a tourists'spatial behavior simulator (TSBS) to assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts was developed,TSBS employs GIS (Geographic Information System) to manage the spatial data,and Multi-Agent systemto simulate the actions of individual visitors. By utilizing TSBS, visitors' travel patterns such aslocation, cost, and state can be analyzed and predicted. Based on this analysis and prediction, themodel of assessing the carrying capacity of resorts is built. Our results show that TSBS will be aneffective tool to accurately assess the carrying capacity of tourist resorts.
文摘Ecotourism is potentially the best growing segment in the international market. Many hoteliers in Sri Lanka promote the sustainable use of this concept as a new market-oriented concept. However, arrivals of eco tourists to Sri Lanka have been less than 1% over the last decade. A comprehensive case study research approach was used to conduct this research. Interpretive paradigm and the social constructionists＇ philosophical stand of the researchers provided the opportunity to explore or describe a phenomenon in context using a variety of data sources. In the sample, managerial level staffs were selected to conduct in-depth interviews to explore the meaning of the term ＂eco resort＂. Analysis of in-depth interviews and observations showed that the practice of the eco resort concept has been misused by the hoteliers in Sri Lanka. They have been unable to classify the eco tourists and identify the market and customer segment clearly.
文摘This subject and the association with the resorts and their traffic connections had developed from a formerly studied subject： ＂maritime connections to Haapsalu--how the vacationer arrived in the resort＂. After the first passenger steamer, PS Comet, was deployed in 1812 on the river Clyde, this new vessel type was used for commercial services. It was recognized quite soon that steamboats had big potential for recreational activities. This paper uses the deductive and the comparative historical methods to examine how these trends were followed in the Baltic region. Deductive method is used for explaining the common trends in using the early steamers, for example, Baltic region. Comparative history method is, on the one hand, used for showing the differences and similarities between Baltic region and Europe steamers traffic developments in 19th century. On the other hand, there is used comparison of the steamer routes and their coherence with resorts vacationer numbers. The aim of this paper is to explain how resorts were integrated into steamship schedules by shipping companies operating in the Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire.
文摘In Liaoning Province,there are 30-plus ski resorts and more than 100 ice&snow theme parks covering all the 14 cities of the province.The people can experience the high speed and excitement of skiing as much as they like,while enjoying the in finite fun of ice&snow games including skating,ice gyro,bumper car on ice,ice slide,sleigh,and interesting sports such as ice dragon boat,ice spike crossing,iceboating,etc.
文摘Ski resort abandonment is more frequent due to global warming,which progressively reduces snowpack and persistence.However,projects aiming for new resorts in the Apennines have proliferated.Such economic investments are risky,especially without long-term data on snow cover duration.Our aim,thus,is to provide the first census of abandoned ski resorts in the Apennines and compare them with the resorts currently open to understand the causes that led to their abandonment.Subsequently,we explore factors behind resort failure by analyzing the relationships between climatic,geomorphological,and economic variables.Overall,we found 101 ski resorts in the Apennines,of which 28 were open,41 closed and abandoned and 32 partially closed(i.e.,closed in more than at least 7 years in the last 10 years).The closed and partially closed resorts represent 358 km of ski slopes(44%of total available).The number of structures per resort(i.e.ski lifts,chair lifts)is higher for open compared to partially closed and closed ones.Notably,the maximum elevation reached by the resorts is higher for those open(1793 m a.s.l.)than for those partially closed(1687 m a.s.l.)and especially those closed(1577 m a.s.l.).Finally,the mean size of the resorts in terms of skiable track length is larger for open(15.7 km)than partially closed(7.1 km)and closed resorts(3.2 km).The average duration of operation for abandoned resorts is 29.5 years,varying from a maximum of 56 years to a minimum of 0 years for two sites that were never opened after reconstruction.The year of abandonment is positively associated with the maximum elevation,size,and duration of operation.Furthermore,the duration of operation is negatively correlated with the construction year.Our multivariate analysis confirms and strengthens the hypothesis for the causes that lead to abandonment are multi-factorial.Most of the closed resorts are located at low altitude and have small ski areas although some higher altitude sites have also been abandoned in recent years.This information can be useful for investors,policymakers,and stakeholders who should use it as a starting point when designing and planning new resorts to avoid future failures and the loss of public money.
基金This study was supported by 2019 Nation Key Research and Development Program for"Science and Technology Winter Olympics"of China[grant numbers 2019YFF0302305]Integrated application of technology and comprehensive demonstration Project of Scientific and Technological Winter Olympics of Zhangjiakou in 2020[grant numbers 20110004D]Integrated application of technology and comprehensive demonstration Project of Scientific and Technological Winter Olympics of Zhangjiakou in 2021[grant numbers 21110006D].
文摘Purpose:The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district,Zhangjiakou city,one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics.Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances,and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results.Methods:In this retrospective study,the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China(Chongli district)and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts.We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017–2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons.We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service–Japan Ski Safety Association.The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts.Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.Results:During the 2019–2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts,the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93,of which 457(17.3%)were over 50 years old,accounting for a large proportion of injuries,meanwhile in Chongli ski resort,the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%.The knee joint(23.7%at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4%in Japanese ski resorts)was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers.Among snowboarders,shoulder joint injury(17.7%in Japanese ski resorts)was the most common,and injury on hands and fingers(16.3%in Wanlong ski resorts)was the most common.Head injury rates are similar in Chongli,China and Japanese ski resorts(8.2%and 8.7%,respectively).Conclusion:Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts(Chongli district)than that in Japanese ski resorts,and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts.Thus,according to our research,the protection of knee joints,shoulder joints,and hands and fingers should be taken seriously.It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles(for finger protection),and use protective devices such as knee pads,helmets,etc.
基金This work was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23060702,XDA19070503)Key Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(22ZD6FA005).
文摘Chinese skiing tourism is rapidly developing,but it will be potentially affected by snow resources and climate conditions.This study systematically analysed the spatial characteristics of snow resources,climatic conditions and ski resorts in China;revealed the potential impacts of climatic environment on current ski resorts by using Regional Climate Model(RegCM4.4);and proposed suggestions for climate resource assessment and spatial planning of ski resorts.The mean snow depth and snow cover days are more than 4.50 cm and 150 d between the years 2000 and 2014,respectively,in high-latitude areas,where fewer ski resorts are located.In the middle-low latitude areas,the mean snow depth and snow cover days are less than 3.00 cm and 100 d,respectively,with ski resorts being intensively distributed.In most of these areas,the pronounced climate warming exceeded 0.50℃ during the ski period of 2009–2015 relative to 1961–2015,and mean annual precipitation was less than 800 mm,with some even less than 400 mm.In the 2030s and 2050s,the regions with drastic temperature increases are mainly in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,Northeast China,and the Yangtze River Basin.The upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are expected to experience reduced snowfalland temperature increases with an almost 1–1.6℃,respectively.In this context,some ski resorts will face major threats because of shortened skiing durations and rising management costs.Skiing tourism should not pursue a one-sided growth rate in the number of ski resorts in areas with short snowpack periods.Instead,it should rely highly on snow resources,climatic conditions,geographical environment,population and economic basis,and rationalise its spatial layout to promote the industry towards sustainable development.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071199).
文摘Ski resorts are one of the bases for the development of ice-snow sports and tourism,and they are also a hot topic of social concern.Taking 117 ski resorts in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei as the research object,geospatial analysis methods such as kernel density and spatial autocorrelation were used to explore the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the ski resorts.The geographic detector was used to deeply explore the underlying factors influencing the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in terms of policy factors,natural factors and economic and social factors.This study found that the spatial and temporal distribution of ski resorts in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region showed a significant Olympic event-driven characteristic.From 2009 to 2021,the spatial pattern of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has changed from“single-core development”,to a“single-core with multi-point”layout,and then to a“multi-core”layout.The spatial pattern has changed from agglomeration to diffusion.Cold and hot spots of the spatial and temporal characteristics in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resort have shifted from north to south,from the initial suburbs of Beijing to the southern cities of Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai and other cities in Hebei Province.The spatial and temporal distribution of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei ski resorts has been influenced by many factors,from“GDP per capita”to“population density”to“policy quantity”,showing a shift from“Economic-driven”to“population-driven”to“policy-driven”processes.
文摘On October 7th,2023,a devastating conflict erupted between Gaza and Israel,causing around 40000 deaths and over 90000 injuries.The war has displaced more than 1.9 million people,who now live in overcrowded tent camps facing severe shortages of clean water,sanitation,fuel,electricity,and food.Many rely on international aid and resort to unsafe methods for basic needs[1].The Gaza Strip,a tiny coastal area of just 365 square kilometers with 2.3 million residents,is one of the world's most densely populated regions.Already burdened by inadequate infrastructure,the ongoing war has worsened conditions,caused the collapse of sewage and water systems and severely disrupted daily life.This devastation has created a breeding ground for infectious diseases,especially among the displaced people living in overcrowded camps[2,3].
文摘This winter witnessed the popularity of cities in Northeast China,especially Harbin.People’s enthusiasm for the ice and snow grew,and more and more people started to focus on and engage in the ice-snow industry.At the ski resort,skiing enthusiasts from all over the country wear goggles and sprint down slopes on their snowboards.
基金The Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(20YJC890032).
文摘Resilience has become an important concept for the ski resorts of China,which have suffered heavy losses due to COVID-19.In order to help China’s ski resort service industry successfully adapt to the crisis and achieve sustainable development,the goal of this paper is to develop the definition of resilience of the ski resort service industry through interviews based on the concept and general analysis framework of resilience.The ski resort resilience theory analysis framework is then constructed from the three basic elements(market,skiing,and stakeholders)and four system features(flexibility,adaptability,and collaborative learning ability).The results indicate several measures that can be taken to spread risk:enrich the product supply;eliminate risks and build a multi-agent networked industrial governance system;and establish a risk prevention and management mechanism based on a multi-organization alternative learning mechanism to overcome the difficulties encountered in the development of ski resorts.
文摘The Gloria Hotels & Resorts 2011 Road Show kicked off on September 1 at the Celebrity International Grand Hotel Beijing with a "Xiexie Evening." The cele bration was held to thank media, corporate clients,travel agents and partners for their support of Gloria Hotels & Resorts in China and abroad.During the evening,
文摘A signing ceremony was held recently at Kolam Gloria Plaza Hotel Hefei for the signing of the management contract between Gloria Hotels and Resorts and The Real
