As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes...As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.展开更多
This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results ...This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.展开更多
Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted ob...Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate(NGH),considered as a type of premium energy alternative to conventional hydrocarbons,has been broadly studied.The estimate of the total NGH resources in the world has decreased by more than 90%sinc...Natural gas hydrate(NGH),considered as a type of premium energy alternative to conventional hydrocarbons,has been broadly studied.The estimate of the total NGH resources in the world has decreased by more than 90%since the first evaluation in 1973.Geographic and geophysical conditions of the South China Sea(SCS)are favorable for the formation of NGH,which has been proved by drilling results up to date.The recoverability of the NGH in the SCS has been confirmed by the production tests using both vertical and horizontal wells.Since 2001,35 estimates of NGH resources in the SCS have been made,with relatively stable results varying between 600 and 900×109 ton oil equivalent.In these estimations,the volumetric method was commonly adopted,but the geological conditions,the migration-accumulation mechanisms of NGH,and the practical recoverability were not considered.These estimates cannot be regarded as evaluated resources according to the international resource evaluation standards,but are at most about prospective gas content of NGH,thus inefficient for guiding explorations and developments.To solve these problems,this study divides the past NGH surveys in the SCS into seven stages,acquires key geological parameters of every stage based on previous studies and analogy with other areas,evaluates the NGH resources of these seven stages by using the volumetric method,then adopts a new trend-analysis method to simulate the downward trend of these estimates,and finally predicts the NGH resources in the SCS at 2025 and 2030.The downward trend is because of the continuous improvement of NGH understanding over time,which is consistent with the trend of global NGH estimates.At the present stage(from 2019 to 2021),the average technically recoverable resource(ATRR)is 7.0×10^(12)m^(3),and the estimates of 2025 and 2030 ATRR are 6.46×10^(12)m^(3) and 4.01×10^(12)m^(3)respectively,with a difference of less than 40%.Therefore,it can be inferred that the ATRR of NGH in the SCS is between 4.0 and 6.5×10^(12)m^(3),with an average of 5.25×10^(12)m^(3).展开更多
The characteristics of the design resources in the ship collaborative design is described and the hierarchical model for the evaluation of the design resources is established. The comprehensive evaluation of the co-de...The characteristics of the design resources in the ship collaborative design is described and the hierarchical model for the evaluation of the design resources is established. The comprehensive evaluation of the co-designers for the collaborative design resources has been done from different aspects using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） ,and according to the evaluation results,the candidates are determined. Meanwhile,based on the principle of minimum cost,and starting from the relations between the design tasks and the corresponding co-designers,the optimizing selection model of the collaborators is established and one novel genetic combined with simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to realize the optimization. It overcomes the defects of the genetic algorithm which may lead to the premature convergenee and local optimization if used individually. Through the application of this method in the ship collaborative design system,it proves the feasibility and provides a quantitative method for the optimizing selection of the design resources.展开更多
The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in...The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.展开更多
Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlatio...Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.展开更多
According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Ham...According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Hami region were evaluated based on GIS mapping technology.The evaluation results on the tourism resources in Hami region are described as follows:there are rich tourism resources categories;the quality of tourism resources is ordinary;the resources distribute equably;the number of the historical resources is much more than the natural resources,but the 1atter still has great potential for developing.All the results of the evaluation can provide important references for strategic decision making of Hami region.展开更多
The Qilian Mountain permafrost area located in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a favorable place for natural gas hydrate formation and enrichment,due to its well-developed fractures and abundant gas sources.U...The Qilian Mountain permafrost area located in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a favorable place for natural gas hydrate formation and enrichment,due to its well-developed fractures and abundant gas sources.Understanding the formation and distribution of multi-component gas hydrates in fractures is crucial in accurately evaluating the hydrate reservoir resources in this area.The hydrate formation experiments were carried out using the core samples drilled from hydrate-bearing sediments in Qilian Mountain permafrost area and the multi-component gas with similar composition to natural gas hydrates in Qilian Mountain permafrost area.The formation and distribution characteristics of multi-component gas hydrates in core samples were observed in situ by X-ray Computed Tomography(X-CT)under high pressure and low temperature conditions.Results show that hydrates are mainly formed and distributed in the fractures with good connectivity.The ratios of volume of hydrates formed in fractures to the volume of fractures are about 96.8%and 60.67%in two different core samples.This indicates that the fracture surface may act as a favorable reaction site for hydrate formation in core samples.Based on the field geological data and the experimental results,it is preliminarily estimated that the inventory of methane stored in the fractured gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost area is about 8.67×1013 m3,with a resource abundance of 8.67×108 m3/km2.This study demonstrates the great resource potential of fractured gas hydrate and also provides a new way to further understand the prospect of natural gas hydrate and other oil and gas resources in Qilian Mountain permafrost area.展开更多
This study applies Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,especially the evaluation theory of Martin and Rose,to conduct positive discourse analysis toward“UN Secretary-General’s Message for New Year”from the aspe...This study applies Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,especially the evaluation theory of Martin and Rose,to conduct positive discourse analysis toward“UN Secretary-General’s Message for New Year”from the aspect of context,transitivity,evaluation system and so on.And it discusses how the author of the discourse takes advantage of language resources,especially evaluation system resources,to convey the information clearly in the implied.展开更多
This paper selects Qingdao Textile Valley as the research object,establishes the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources,and analyzes the evaluation factors of industrial heritage tourism resources,...This paper selects Qingdao Textile Valley as the research object,establishes the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources,and analyzes the evaluation factors of industrial heritage tourism resources,such as resource element value,market location value,and environmental factors.Then this paper puts forward some effective suggestions to promote the development of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley.The results show that the measures put forward,such as fully tapping the value of resource elements,improving the surrounding traffic environment,perfecting tourism signs,perfecting local traffic routes,improving the complementarity of tourism resources,and expanding the tourist market,can scientifically and effectively protect urban industrial heritage,improve the development level of urban tourism,and speed up the transformation of new and old energy in Qingdao.展开更多
The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy f...The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.展开更多
The Maichen Sag in the south-central part of the Beibuwan Basin is abundant in geothermal resources that have not been widely exploited and utilized due to inadequate research on it.This study evaluated the geothermal...The Maichen Sag in the south-central part of the Beibuwan Basin is abundant in geothermal resources that have not been widely exploited and utilized due to inadequate research on it.This study evaluated the geothermal resources in the Maichen Sag based on the regional geological setting and geothermal conditions.Grid units for assessment and a geological model for areas with geothermal resources were established using spatial analysis techniques.The spatial distribution models of the physical and thermophysical properties of the geothermal reservoirs were also built using the Kriging interpolation method.Based on the terrestrial heat flow distribution in the target areas,the spatial distribution of the geo-temperature field through the inversion under the constraints of the temperature data from boreholes were predicted.Factors such as deep geo-temperature,thermophysical properties of rocks,and terrestrial heat flow values,were integrated into this quantitative evaluation of geothermal resources through the geological modeling-based volume method and the geothermal reservoir engineering-based numerical simulation method.The results show that the Maichen Sag has favorable heat source conditions with intersected,deep-rooted faults and widely developed Upper Paleozoic fissured granite geothermal reservoirs.The northern outer slope zone at a burial depth of 3‒5 km on the tectonic plane of the basement in the sag is suggested to be a potential target area,where,as calculated using the volume method,is likely to be the home to the total geothermal resources of 80.4×10^(9)GJ(i.e.,2.75×10^(9)tonnes of coal equivalent(tce))in the bedrock geothermal reservoirs at a burial depth of 3‒6 km.The geotemperature of 172‒201℃at a formation depth of 5 km in the sag also indicates that the deep geothermal resources are of high value for exploitation.展开更多
consists of forecasting for the total reserves of regional mineral resources and evaluation,compreIn general,based on evaluated objects and factors involved,evaluation of mineral resources hensive evaluation of region...consists of forecasting for the total reserves of regional mineral resources and evaluation,compreIn general,based on evaluated objects and factors involved,evaluation of mineral resources hensive evaluation of regional mineral resources, and economic and technical evaluation of deposits. Here a region can be a country, a province, or a mining area, while a deposit is mainly related to a single type of mineral, although it can contain more than one types of minerals. In the past, to assess mineral resources was primarily to evaluate and forecast the total reserves of regional mineral resources. With the advancement of science, technology, and economy, the evaluation of mineral resources has developed from forecasting the reserves of them to comprehensively evaluating them on the basis of numerous factors.展开更多
[Objectives]To discuss the protection and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County in the context of deep integration of culture and tourism.With the advancement of the process of revitalizing vi...[Objectives]To discuss the protection and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County in the context of deep integration of culture and tourism.With the advancement of the process of revitalizing villages through culture and tourism,agricultural cultural heritage has gradually attracted wide attention from all walks of life.This paper is intended to provide new ideas and strategies for the development of local cultural tourism through in-depth analysis of agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County.[Methods]Using the method of literature research,this paper systematically sorted out the historical background,current situation and value of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County.Besides,the agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County were comprehensively evaluated using the 3-3-6 evaluation method.On this basis,combined with the theory of industrial convergence and sustainable development,it came up with some specific suggestions on the tourism development of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County.[Results]Through the in-depth evaluation of agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County,it is found that it has rich historical and cultural heritage and unique tourism value.However,there are still some problems in protection and utilization.In view of the problems,it recommended to attach importance to the inheritance of Xiajin agricultural cultural heritage,develop characteristic heritage tourism and improve relevant supporting facilities.[Conclusions]Deeply excavating the essence of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County and organically combining it with modern tourism is an important way to realize the sustainable development of local cultural tourism.The recommendations are expected to provide reference for the development of agricultural heritage tourism in Xiajin County and other regions,and help to promote the deep integration of culture and tourism,and promote rural revitalization and cultural inheritance.展开更多
Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater syste...Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. A scientific evaluation of groundwater resources in Asia can be secured using water balance method and runoff modulus method through water circulating analysis and feature study of groundwater system on the basis of groundwater system division of Asia. With natural recharge(runoff) modulus(10~4m^3/km^2·a), the total amount of water resources and those available for exploitation of primary groundwater system can be evaluated-continuous aquifers in plains and basins contain 242.465× 10~9 m^3/a of water, 169.725× 10~9 m^3/a of which is recoverable; discrete aquifers contain 186.695× 10~9 m^3/a, 130.686× 10~9 m^3/a of which is available for exploitation; other scattered aquifers contain 38.614× 10~9 m^3/a, 27.029× 10~9 m^3/a of which could be exploited. In total, there is 467.774× 10~9 m^3/a of groundwater with 327.440× 10~9 m^3/a recoverable. The groundwater map of Asia is compiled according to groundwater system division, evaluation of the total amount and aquifer types to reflect the macro features of groundwater resources in Asia, laying a scientific foundation for exploitation and management of water resources here and for avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and environment among Asian countries.展开更多
A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this ...A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.展开更多
Land evaluation factors often contain continuous-, discrete- and nominal-valued attributes. In traditional land evaluation, these different attributes are usually graded into categorical indexes by land resource exper...Land evaluation factors often contain continuous-, discrete- and nominal-valued attributes. In traditional land evaluation, these different attributes are usually graded into categorical indexes by land resource experts, and the evaluation results rely heavily on experts＇ experiences. In order to overcome the shortcoming, we presented a fuzzy neural network ensemble method that did not require grading the evaluation factors into categorical indexes and could evaluate land resources by using the three kinds of attribute values directly. A fuzzy back propagation neural network （BPNN）, a fuzzy radial basis function neural network （RBFNN）, a fuzzy BPNN ensemble, and a fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were used to evaluate the land resources in Guangdong Province. The evaluation results by using the fuzzy BPNN ensemble and the fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were much better than those by using the single fuzzy BPNN and the single fuzzy RBFNN, and the error rate of the single fuzzy RBFNN or fuzzy RBFNN ensemble was lower than that of the single fuzzy BPNN or fuzzy BPNN ensemble, respectively. By using the fuzzy neural network ensembles, the validity of land resource evaluation was improved and reliance on land evaluators＇ experiences was considerably reduced.展开更多
The United States has become the world's largest oil producer of shale oil. China has abundant shale oil resources, but its resource potential has not yet been exploited. The core of the evaluation is the selectio...The United States has become the world's largest oil producer of shale oil. China has abundant shale oil resources, but its resource potential has not yet been exploited. The core of the evaluation is the selection of parameters and their reliability. By combining the parameters of the shale oil resource evaluation, we investigated the key parameters in the evaluation model and reviewed the research results. The adsorption and retention of heavy hydrocarbons, loss of light hydrocarbons, and original oil saturation are key in the evaluation of shale oil resources. The adsorption and retention of heavy hydrocarbons can be determined by the pyrolysis, FID curve, and hydrocarbon generation kinetics of shale before and after extraction. The loss of light hydrocarbons mainly occurs in coring(change in temperature and pressure),sample treatment, which can be evaluated using the GC spectrum, rock pyrolysis, crude oil volume coefficient, mass balance, component hydrocarbon generation kinetics, and other methods. The original oil saturation evaluation includes indirect, direct, logging, and simulation methods. The most reliable parameters can be obtained by using the sealed or pressure-maintained coring immediately after thawing(without crushing), and the recovery of light hydrocarbon loss is critical for the resource evaluation of medium to high mature shale. Therefore, the experimental determination of shale oil content and the study of the influencing factors of the parameters should be strengthened.展开更多
基金Sponsorship of the Outstanding Youth Innovation Team Development Program for Institutes of Higher Learning in Shandong Province(2021RW008)the Youth Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021QG048).
文摘As part of its efforts to promote a sustainable and high-quality development,China has pledged to reduce water consumption and create a water-efficient society.On the basis of identifying the institutional root causes of excessive capital allocation and excessive water consumption in China’s water-intensive industrial sectors,this study elaborates how the national water-efficient cities assessment contributes to optimized capital allocation.Our research shows that national water-efficient cities assessment has motivated local governments to compete for water efficiency.To conserve water,local governments regulated the entry and exit of water-intensive enterprises,discouraged excessive investments in water-intensive sectors,and phased out obsolete water-intensive capacities within their jurisdictions.This approach has resulted in mutually beneficial outcomes,including improved allocation of capital,enhanced water efficiency,and reduced emissions.This paper offers policy recommendations for establishing a water-efficient society throughout the 14^(th) Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)period by presenting empirical evidence on the policy effects of resource efficiency evaluation.
文摘This paper comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the tourism resources in Jilin Province, China. And it consists of three parts. The first two parts are on the resources evaluation and analysis. Based on the results of evaluation about the structural and spatial distribution of the tourism resources, it is found that, the natural resources play fundamental roles in Jilin, while the human and cultural resources are important complementary parts as well. In the spatial distribution analysis, the resources show the characteristic of "six clusters"and "three belts"spatial relations. Four clusters are centered on the cities, which are Changchun, Jilin, Baicheng, Tonghua and Ji′an; one cluster is around the Changbai Moutains and one cluster nears the frontier at Tumen between China, Russia and P.D. R. Korea. And the three belts are: 1) The west belt. It contains Xianghai and Momoge natural protection region. The evident of this zone is its ecological and ethical tourism resources. 2)The middle belt characterized by urban traveling and recreation, including Jilin and Changchun, together with their nearby Nong′an and Siping. 3) The last belt is also the most important one, which is the east zone. It covers the Changbai Mountains, the golden triangles of Tonghua and the Tumen River. This zone is remarkable for its abundant natural landscapes and unique folk customs. In the last part the concept planning is briefly constructed for the tourism resources in Jilin Province according to the above evaluation and analysis.
文摘Based on our theoretical studies and practical experience related to the digital resource evaluation activities,which were undertaken jointly by CALIS and Peking University Library,this paper discusses the targeted object,content,the structure and the attributes of CALIS evaluation indicator system for digital resources.We also offer a detailed guideline for professional practice in terms of using this particular indicator system to evaluate the viability and the collection strength of a given digital library.
基金financially supported by the CAS consultation project“South China Sea Oil and Gas Comprehensive Development Strategy”(2019-ZW11-Z-035)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2006CB202300,2011CB201100)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(2013AA092600)。
文摘Natural gas hydrate(NGH),considered as a type of premium energy alternative to conventional hydrocarbons,has been broadly studied.The estimate of the total NGH resources in the world has decreased by more than 90%since the first evaluation in 1973.Geographic and geophysical conditions of the South China Sea(SCS)are favorable for the formation of NGH,which has been proved by drilling results up to date.The recoverability of the NGH in the SCS has been confirmed by the production tests using both vertical and horizontal wells.Since 2001,35 estimates of NGH resources in the SCS have been made,with relatively stable results varying between 600 and 900×109 ton oil equivalent.In these estimations,the volumetric method was commonly adopted,but the geological conditions,the migration-accumulation mechanisms of NGH,and the practical recoverability were not considered.These estimates cannot be regarded as evaluated resources according to the international resource evaluation standards,but are at most about prospective gas content of NGH,thus inefficient for guiding explorations and developments.To solve these problems,this study divides the past NGH surveys in the SCS into seven stages,acquires key geological parameters of every stage based on previous studies and analogy with other areas,evaluates the NGH resources of these seven stages by using the volumetric method,then adopts a new trend-analysis method to simulate the downward trend of these estimates,and finally predicts the NGH resources in the SCS at 2025 and 2030.The downward trend is because of the continuous improvement of NGH understanding over time,which is consistent with the trend of global NGH estimates.At the present stage(from 2019 to 2021),the average technically recoverable resource(ATRR)is 7.0×10^(12)m^(3),and the estimates of 2025 and 2030 ATRR are 6.46×10^(12)m^(3) and 4.01×10^(12)m^(3)respectively,with a difference of less than 40%.Therefore,it can be inferred that the ATRR of NGH in the SCS is between 4.0 and 6.5×10^(12)m^(3),with an average of 5.25×10^(12)m^(3).
文摘The characteristics of the design resources in the ship collaborative design is described and the hierarchical model for the evaluation of the design resources is established. The comprehensive evaluation of the co-designers for the collaborative design resources has been done from different aspects using Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） ,and according to the evaluation results,the candidates are determined. Meanwhile,based on the principle of minimum cost,and starting from the relations between the design tasks and the corresponding co-designers,the optimizing selection model of the collaborators is established and one novel genetic combined with simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to realize the optimization. It overcomes the defects of the genetic algorithm which may lead to the premature convergenee and local optimization if used individually. Through the application of this method in the ship collaborative design system,it proves the feasibility and provides a quantitative method for the optimizing selection of the design resources.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund, China (Grant Nos. 31200376, 41201586)the CAS Visiting Professor-Ship for Senior International Scientists (Grant No. 2013T2Z0011)
文摘The Hani Rice Terraces System, based on gravity-flow irrigation, is one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) pilot sites selected by FAO in 2010. The water resource plays an important role in the sustainable development of this system. The value of water conserved by the forest is influenced by natural, economic and social factors. In this paper, the water quality, per capita water resources, per capita GDP and population density are chosen as indices to construct an index system for a comprehensive evaluation of water resources value. The weights of these indices are 0.443, 0.31, 0.141 and 0.106 respectively, which are determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. The water resources value has been assessed by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The results show that the water resources value in the Hani Rice Terraces System is 4.25 RMB/m^3. Evaluating the value of water resources in the Hani Rice Terraces System can provide a reference for ecological compensation, for raising public awareness of the importance of protecting the system, and ultimately achieving its sustainable development.
基金The research and demonstration of key technologies and methods of eco-planning in urban construction,the 11th Five-year Plan of National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program,MOST,2007-2011(No.2007BAC28B02)
文摘Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.
基金supported by "211" Key Discipline Construction Project of Shihezi University
文摘According to the data from the national standard classification and investigation of tourism resources(GB/T 18972-2003) in Hami region,the abundance,quality and dimensional distribution of the tourism resources in Hami region were evaluated based on GIS mapping technology.The evaluation results on the tourism resources in Hami region are described as follows:there are rich tourism resources categories;the quality of tourism resources is ordinary;the resources distribute equably;the number of the historical resources is much more than the natural resources,but the 1atter still has great potential for developing.All the results of the evaluation can provide important references for strategic decision making of Hami region.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176212,41976074 and 41302034)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Laoshan Laboratory(2021QNLM020002)the Marine Geological Survey Program(DD20221704)。
文摘The Qilian Mountain permafrost area located in the northern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a favorable place for natural gas hydrate formation and enrichment,due to its well-developed fractures and abundant gas sources.Understanding the formation and distribution of multi-component gas hydrates in fractures is crucial in accurately evaluating the hydrate reservoir resources in this area.The hydrate formation experiments were carried out using the core samples drilled from hydrate-bearing sediments in Qilian Mountain permafrost area and the multi-component gas with similar composition to natural gas hydrates in Qilian Mountain permafrost area.The formation and distribution characteristics of multi-component gas hydrates in core samples were observed in situ by X-ray Computed Tomography(X-CT)under high pressure and low temperature conditions.Results show that hydrates are mainly formed and distributed in the fractures with good connectivity.The ratios of volume of hydrates formed in fractures to the volume of fractures are about 96.8%and 60.67%in two different core samples.This indicates that the fracture surface may act as a favorable reaction site for hydrate formation in core samples.Based on the field geological data and the experimental results,it is preliminarily estimated that the inventory of methane stored in the fractured gas hydrate in Qilian Mountain permafrost area is about 8.67×1013 m3,with a resource abundance of 8.67×108 m3/km2.This study demonstrates the great resource potential of fractured gas hydrate and also provides a new way to further understand the prospect of natural gas hydrate and other oil and gas resources in Qilian Mountain permafrost area.
文摘This study applies Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,especially the evaluation theory of Martin and Rose,to conduct positive discourse analysis toward“UN Secretary-General’s Message for New Year”from the aspect of context,transitivity,evaluation system and so on.And it discusses how the author of the discourse takes advantage of language resources,especially evaluation system resources,to convey the information clearly in the implied.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Program of Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province(J18KA197)Tai an Science and Technology Innovation Development Project(Policy Guidance)(2020ZC322)Key Project of Art and Science of Shandong Province(ZD202008364).
文摘This paper selects Qingdao Textile Valley as the research object,establishes the evaluation system of industrial heritage tourism resources,and analyzes the evaluation factors of industrial heritage tourism resources,such as resource element value,market location value,and environmental factors.Then this paper puts forward some effective suggestions to promote the development of industrial heritage tourism in Textile Valley.The results show that the measures put forward,such as fully tapping the value of resource elements,improving the surrounding traffic environment,perfecting tourism signs,perfecting local traffic routes,improving the complementarity of tourism resources,and expanding the tourist market,can scientifically and effectively protect urban industrial heritage,improve the development level of urban tourism,and speed up the transformation of new and old energy in Qingdao.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70371020)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.D0410005).
文摘The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.
基金This work was funded by multiple scientific research programs,including Evaluation and Optimal Target Selection of Deep Geothermal Resources in the Igneous Province in South China(No.:2019YFC0604903)Analysis and Geothermal Reservoir Stimulation Methods of Deep High-temperature Geothermal Systems in East China(No.:2021YFA0716004)of the National Key Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金a project entitled Deep Geological Processes and Resource Effects of Basins(No.:U20B6001)of the Joint Fund Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Sinopeca project entitled Siting and Target Evaluation of Deep Geothermal Resources in Key Areas of Southeastern China(No.:P20041-1)of the Sinopec Science and Technology Research Program.
文摘The Maichen Sag in the south-central part of the Beibuwan Basin is abundant in geothermal resources that have not been widely exploited and utilized due to inadequate research on it.This study evaluated the geothermal resources in the Maichen Sag based on the regional geological setting and geothermal conditions.Grid units for assessment and a geological model for areas with geothermal resources were established using spatial analysis techniques.The spatial distribution models of the physical and thermophysical properties of the geothermal reservoirs were also built using the Kriging interpolation method.Based on the terrestrial heat flow distribution in the target areas,the spatial distribution of the geo-temperature field through the inversion under the constraints of the temperature data from boreholes were predicted.Factors such as deep geo-temperature,thermophysical properties of rocks,and terrestrial heat flow values,were integrated into this quantitative evaluation of geothermal resources through the geological modeling-based volume method and the geothermal reservoir engineering-based numerical simulation method.The results show that the Maichen Sag has favorable heat source conditions with intersected,deep-rooted faults and widely developed Upper Paleozoic fissured granite geothermal reservoirs.The northern outer slope zone at a burial depth of 3‒5 km on the tectonic plane of the basement in the sag is suggested to be a potential target area,where,as calculated using the volume method,is likely to be the home to the total geothermal resources of 80.4×10^(9)GJ(i.e.,2.75×10^(9)tonnes of coal equivalent(tce))in the bedrock geothermal reservoirs at a burial depth of 3‒6 km.The geotemperature of 172‒201℃at a formation depth of 5 km in the sag also indicates that the deep geothermal resources are of high value for exploitation.
文摘consists of forecasting for the total reserves of regional mineral resources and evaluation,compreIn general,based on evaluated objects and factors involved,evaluation of mineral resources hensive evaluation of regional mineral resources, and economic and technical evaluation of deposits. Here a region can be a country, a province, or a mining area, while a deposit is mainly related to a single type of mineral, although it can contain more than one types of minerals. In the past, to assess mineral resources was primarily to evaluate and forecast the total reserves of regional mineral resources. With the advancement of science, technology, and economy, the evaluation of mineral resources has developed from forecasting the reserves of them to comprehensively evaluating them on the basis of numerous factors.
文摘[Objectives]To discuss the protection and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County in the context of deep integration of culture and tourism.With the advancement of the process of revitalizing villages through culture and tourism,agricultural cultural heritage has gradually attracted wide attention from all walks of life.This paper is intended to provide new ideas and strategies for the development of local cultural tourism through in-depth analysis of agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County.[Methods]Using the method of literature research,this paper systematically sorted out the historical background,current situation and value of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County.Besides,the agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County were comprehensively evaluated using the 3-3-6 evaluation method.On this basis,combined with the theory of industrial convergence and sustainable development,it came up with some specific suggestions on the tourism development of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County.[Results]Through the in-depth evaluation of agricultural cultural heritage resources in Xiajin County,it is found that it has rich historical and cultural heritage and unique tourism value.However,there are still some problems in protection and utilization.In view of the problems,it recommended to attach importance to the inheritance of Xiajin agricultural cultural heritage,develop characteristic heritage tourism and improve relevant supporting facilities.[Conclusions]Deeply excavating the essence of agricultural cultural heritage in Xiajin County and organically combining it with modern tourism is an important way to realize the sustainable development of local cultural tourism.The recommendations are expected to provide reference for the development of agricultural heritage tourism in Xiajin County and other regions,and help to promote the deep integration of culture and tourism,and promote rural revitalization and cultural inheritance.
基金supported by Geological Map of Groundwater Resources and Environment of China and Surrounding Areas(12120113014200)Series Maps of Karst Environment Geology of China and South East Asia(12120114006401,12120114006301)
文摘Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. A scientific evaluation of groundwater resources in Asia can be secured using water balance method and runoff modulus method through water circulating analysis and feature study of groundwater system on the basis of groundwater system division of Asia. With natural recharge(runoff) modulus(10~4m^3/km^2·a), the total amount of water resources and those available for exploitation of primary groundwater system can be evaluated-continuous aquifers in plains and basins contain 242.465× 10~9 m^3/a of water, 169.725× 10~9 m^3/a of which is recoverable; discrete aquifers contain 186.695× 10~9 m^3/a, 130.686× 10~9 m^3/a of which is available for exploitation; other scattered aquifers contain 38.614× 10~9 m^3/a, 27.029× 10~9 m^3/a of which could be exploited. In total, there is 467.774× 10~9 m^3/a of groundwater with 327.440× 10~9 m^3/a recoverable. The groundwater map of Asia is compiled according to groundwater system division, evaluation of the total amount and aquifer types to reflect the macro features of groundwater resources in Asia, laying a scientific foundation for exploitation and management of water resources here and for avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and environment among Asian countries.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376222,U22A20581,and 42076069)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024GXJS002)China Geological Survey(DD20230402)。
文摘A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40671145)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Nos.04300504 and 05006623)and the Science and Technology Plan Foundation of Guangdong Province (Nos.2005B20701008,2005B10101028,and 2004B20701006).
文摘Land evaluation factors often contain continuous-, discrete- and nominal-valued attributes. In traditional land evaluation, these different attributes are usually graded into categorical indexes by land resource experts, and the evaluation results rely heavily on experts＇ experiences. In order to overcome the shortcoming, we presented a fuzzy neural network ensemble method that did not require grading the evaluation factors into categorical indexes and could evaluate land resources by using the three kinds of attribute values directly. A fuzzy back propagation neural network （BPNN）, a fuzzy radial basis function neural network （RBFNN）, a fuzzy BPNN ensemble, and a fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were used to evaluate the land resources in Guangdong Province. The evaluation results by using the fuzzy BPNN ensemble and the fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were much better than those by using the single fuzzy BPNN and the single fuzzy RBFNN, and the error rate of the single fuzzy RBFNN or fuzzy RBFNN ensemble was lower than that of the single fuzzy BPNN or fuzzy BPNN ensemble, respectively. By using the fuzzy neural network ensembles, the validity of land resource evaluation was improved and reliance on land evaluators＇ experiences was considerably reduced.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41922015, 42072147)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20CX06085A)Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation (ZX20210070)。
文摘The United States has become the world's largest oil producer of shale oil. China has abundant shale oil resources, but its resource potential has not yet been exploited. The core of the evaluation is the selection of parameters and their reliability. By combining the parameters of the shale oil resource evaluation, we investigated the key parameters in the evaluation model and reviewed the research results. The adsorption and retention of heavy hydrocarbons, loss of light hydrocarbons, and original oil saturation are key in the evaluation of shale oil resources. The adsorption and retention of heavy hydrocarbons can be determined by the pyrolysis, FID curve, and hydrocarbon generation kinetics of shale before and after extraction. The loss of light hydrocarbons mainly occurs in coring(change in temperature and pressure),sample treatment, which can be evaluated using the GC spectrum, rock pyrolysis, crude oil volume coefficient, mass balance, component hydrocarbon generation kinetics, and other methods. The original oil saturation evaluation includes indirect, direct, logging, and simulation methods. The most reliable parameters can be obtained by using the sealed or pressure-maintained coring immediately after thawing(without crushing), and the recovery of light hydrocarbon loss is critical for the resource evaluation of medium to high mature shale. Therefore, the experimental determination of shale oil content and the study of the influencing factors of the parameters should be strengthened.
