Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke,...Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood–brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. Methods: Scalp acupuncture(SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin,” and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. Results: We found that ROCK Ⅱ acts as a promoter of the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the preintervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK Ⅱ, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. Conclusion: This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell–related proteins.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(numbers:81774416 and 81473764)。
文摘Background: Blocking the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2(Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase Ⅱ/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood–brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. Methods: Scalp acupuncture(SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin,” and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. Results: We found that ROCK Ⅱ acts as a promoter of the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the preintervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK Ⅱ, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. Conclusion: This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at “Baihui”-penetrating “Qubin” could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting Rho A/ROCK Ⅱ/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell–related proteins.
文摘目的探讨RhoA/ROCK信号转导通路在高糖诱导大鼠肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cell,HSC)增殖和胶原合成中的作用。方法将SD大鼠肝星状细胞株HSC-T6在1640培养基中培养24 h,实验设置对照组(含5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖)、高糖组(含25 mmol/L葡萄糖)、高渗透压组(5.5 mmol/L葡萄糖+19.5 mmol/L甘露醇)、高糖+法舒地尔(12.5μmol/L、25μmol/L、50μmol/L)组。采用MTS法检测细胞增殖率;采用羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hyp)试剂盒测定细胞上清中Hyp水平;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,FQPCR)测定Ⅰ和Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA的相对表达量;采用Western blot检测肌球蛋白磷酸酶靶亚基1(myosin phosphatase target subunit 1,MYPT1)、细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinases,JNK)和p38MAPK的磷酸化和总体水平。结果与对照组相比,高糖组MYPT1(0.270±0.007 vs 0.090±0.008,P<0.001)、ERK(0.851±0.027 vs 0.175±0.038,P<0.001)、JNK(0.869±0.037 vs 0.488±0.022,P<0.001)和p38MAPK(0.498±0.020 vs 0.144±0.011,P<0.001)磷酸化水平显著增高,HSC增殖率(A值)(2.372±0.098 vs 1.588±0.087,P<0.001)和Hyp水平(27.924±1.069 vs 17.643±0.112,P<0.001)显著增高,Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA(2.783±0.167 vs 1.004±0.008,P<0.001)和Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA(4.958±0.143 vs 1.098±0.014,P<0.001)表达显著上调。与高糖组相比,高糖+法舒地尔(25μmol/L、50μmol/L)组MYPT1(0.110±0.007,P<0.001;0.101±0.006,P<0.001)、ERK(0.473±0.025,P<0.001;0.223±0.031,P<0.001)、JNK(0.688±0.024,P=0.019;0.576±0.035,P<0.001)和p38MAPK(0.350±0.021,P=0.012;0.305±0.015,P=0.019)磷酸化水平显著降低,HSC增殖率(A值)(1.819±0.104,P<0.001;1.613±0.103,P<0.001)和Hyp水平(21.430±0.714,P<0.001;18.574±0.825,P<0.001)显著降低,Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA(1.580±0.154,P<0.001;1.167±0.157,P<0.001)和Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA(3.166±0.073,P<0.001;2.524±0.085,P<0.001)表达显著下调。高糖+法舒地尔12.5μmol/L组MYPT1、ERK、JNK和p38MAPK磷酸化水平及Hcy水平均显著高于高糖+法舒地尔25μmol/L组和高糖+法舒地尔50μmol/L组(P均<0.001),高糖+法舒地尔25μmol/L组显著高于高糖+法舒地尔50μmol/L组(P均<0.001)。结论RhoA/ROCK信号转导通路可能通过激活下游的MAPKs介导了高糖诱导的肝HSC的增殖和胶原合成,ROCK可能是防治糖尿病肝纤维化的新靶点。
