The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits cau...The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.展开更多
Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel S...Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.展开更多
Tsutsusi is one of the eight subgenera of the Rhododendron genus.Four Tsutsusi species,R.indicum,R.simisii,R.oldhamii,and R.schlippenbachii,have high ornamental and medicinal values,resulting in an increasing market d...Tsutsusi is one of the eight subgenera of the Rhododendron genus.Four Tsutsusi species,R.indicum,R.simisii,R.oldhamii,and R.schlippenbachii,have high ornamental and medicinal values,resulting in an increasing market demand.These species thrive in cool and humid environments and are widely distributed in Europe and Asia.Whether global climate warming will affect the distribution of these valuable resources remains unclear.Thus,this study analyzed the climatic suitability of these species for the first time on the basis of 1552 geographical distribution points and 19 bioclimatic factors using the maximum entropy model.The results show that a suitable distribution area for all four species would decrease under climate warming.The main bioclimatic factors affecting their distribution are the mean temperature of the coldest quarter for R.indicum,the mean diurnal range for R.simisii,and precipitation of the warmest quarter for R.oldhamii and R.schlippenbachii.In addition,the contribution of the temperature-related bioclimatic factors to the distribution of R.indicum and R.simisii is higher than that of the associated precipitation-related climatic factors;in contrast,the contribution of precipitation-related bioclimatic factors to the distribution of R.oldhamii and R.schlippenbachii is higher than that of the temperature-related climatic factors.These results provide references for the introduction,conservation,sustainable development,and utilization of these four species in the future,and may also provide information with regards to other Rhododendron species.展开更多
Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this ...Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species.展开更多
Taking Wutong Mountain Rhododendron moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen City as an example,the value of the forest was assessed by constructing an ecological service value assessment system and accoun...Taking Wutong Mountain Rhododendron moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen City as an example,the value of the forest was assessed by constructing an ecological service value assessment system and accounting method.The assessment results showed that the total ecosystem service value of R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest was 13.195 billion yuan,and the top three services included the value of forestry products,the value of biodiversity maintenance and the value of leisure and recreation,indicating that the ecosystem service of Wutong Mountain R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen has great ecological and economic value,especially in forestry products,biodiversity maintenance,and leisure and recreation.展开更多
Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to ma...Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to make 285 single-cross hybrids in a partial-diallel cross design.These lines represented a mini-core collection of Chinese maize germplasm and comprised 18 inbred lines from the Stiff Stalk heterotic group and 16 inbred lines from the Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic group.The parents were genotyped by sequencing and the 285 hybrids were phenotyped for nine yield and yield-related traits at two locations in the summer sowing area(SUS)and three locations in the spring sowing area(SPS)in the main maizeproducing regions of China.Multiple GP models were employed to assess the accuracy of trait prediction in the hybrids.By ten-fold cross-validation,the prediction accuracies of yield performance of the hybrids estimated by the genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP)model in SUS and SPS were 0.51 and 0.46,respectively.The prediction accuracies of the remaining yield-related traits estimated with GBLUP ranged from 0.49 to 0.86 and from 0.53 to 0.89 in SUS and SPS,respectively.When additive,dominance,epistasis effects,genotype-by-environment interaction,and multi-trait effects were incorporated into the prediction model,the prediction accuracy of hybrid yield performance was improved.The ratio of training to testing population and size of training population optimal for yield prediction were determined.Multiple prediction models can improve prediction accuracy in hybrid breeding.展开更多
Polyimide(PI)is a promising electronic packaging material,but it remains challenging to obtain an all-organic PI hybrid film with decreased dielectric constant and loss without modifying the monomer.Herein,a series of...Polyimide(PI)is a promising electronic packaging material,but it remains challenging to obtain an all-organic PI hybrid film with decreased dielectric constant and loss without modifying the monomer.Herein,a series of allorganic PI hybrid films were successfully prepared by introducing the covalent organic framework(COF),which could induce the formation of the cross-linking structure in the PI matrix.Due to the synergistic effects of the COF fillers and the cross-linking structure,the PI/COF hybrid film containing 2 wt%COF exhibited the lowest dielectric constant of 2.72 and the lowest dielectric loss(tanδ)of 0.0077 at 1 MHz.It is attributed to the intrinsic low dielectric constant of COF and a large number of mesopores within the PI.Besides,the cross-linking network of PI prevents the molecular chains from stacking and improves the fraction of free volume(FFV).The molecular dynamics simulation results are well consistent with the dielectric properties data.Furthermore,the PI/COF hybrid film with 5 wt%COF showed a significant enhancement in breakdown strength,which increased to 412.8 kV/mm as compared with pure PI.In addition,the PI/COF hybrid film achieve to reduce the dielectric constant and thermal expansion coefficient(CTE).It also exhibited excellent thermal,hydrophobicity,and mechanical performance.The all-organic PI/COF hybrid films have great commercial potential as next-generation electronic packaging materials.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972791)the Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province(No.2020LZGC016)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Yantai,Shandong Province(No.2022XCZX083)the Earmarked Fund for Shandong Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(No.SDAIT-14)。
文摘The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22308139,52071171,52202248)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MS-140)+11 种基金Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(LNBQW2018B0048)Shenyang Science and Technology Project(21-108-9-04)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Project of the Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LQN202008)Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province(LJKZZ20220015)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology(MJNYSKL202301)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(KF2023006)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued Utilization,Anhui University of Technology(CHV22-05)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship(FT210100298,FT210100806)Discovery Project(DP220100603)Linkage Project(LP210100467,LP210200504,LP210200345,LP220100088)Industrial Transformation Training Centre(IC180100005)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(CRCPXIII000077).
文摘Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260415)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project(Qianke Combination Foundation-ZK[2023]Key 010)。
文摘Tsutsusi is one of the eight subgenera of the Rhododendron genus.Four Tsutsusi species,R.indicum,R.simisii,R.oldhamii,and R.schlippenbachii,have high ornamental and medicinal values,resulting in an increasing market demand.These species thrive in cool and humid environments and are widely distributed in Europe and Asia.Whether global climate warming will affect the distribution of these valuable resources remains unclear.Thus,this study analyzed the climatic suitability of these species for the first time on the basis of 1552 geographical distribution points and 19 bioclimatic factors using the maximum entropy model.The results show that a suitable distribution area for all four species would decrease under climate warming.The main bioclimatic factors affecting their distribution are the mean temperature of the coldest quarter for R.indicum,the mean diurnal range for R.simisii,and precipitation of the warmest quarter for R.oldhamii and R.schlippenbachii.In addition,the contribution of the temperature-related bioclimatic factors to the distribution of R.indicum and R.simisii is higher than that of the associated precipitation-related climatic factors;in contrast,the contribution of precipitation-related bioclimatic factors to the distribution of R.oldhamii and R.schlippenbachii is higher than that of the temperature-related climatic factors.These results provide references for the introduction,conservation,sustainable development,and utilization of these four species in the future,and may also provide information with regards to other Rhododendron species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.31870697].
文摘Azalea is a general designation of Rhododendron in the Ericaceae family.Rhododendron not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific research.In this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four Rhododendron species.The chloroplast genomes of R.concinnum,R.henanense subsp.lingbaoense,R.micranthum,and R.simsii were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,respectively.All chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding genes.The four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four Rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all Rhododendron species are in the clade Ericaceae.This study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in Rhododendron and other azalea species.
文摘Taking Wutong Mountain Rhododendron moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen City as an example,the value of the forest was assessed by constructing an ecological service value assessment system and accounting method.The assessment results showed that the total ecosystem service value of R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest was 13.195 billion yuan,and the top three services included the value of forestry products,the value of biodiversity maintenance and the value of leisure and recreation,indicating that the ecosystem service of Wutong Mountain R.moulmainense ecological landscape forest in Shenzhen has great ecological and economic value,especially in forestry products,biodiversity maintenance,and leisure and recreation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272049,32261143757)Sustainable Development International Cooperation Program from Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation(2022YFAG1002)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)the Agricultural Science&Technology Innovation Program(CAASZDRW202109)the China Scholarship Council.
文摘Genomic prediction(GP)in plant breeding has the potential to predict and identify the best-performing hybrids based on the genotypes of their parental lines.In a GP experiment,34 elite inbred lines were selected to make 285 single-cross hybrids in a partial-diallel cross design.These lines represented a mini-core collection of Chinese maize germplasm and comprised 18 inbred lines from the Stiff Stalk heterotic group and 16 inbred lines from the Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic group.The parents were genotyped by sequencing and the 285 hybrids were phenotyped for nine yield and yield-related traits at two locations in the summer sowing area(SUS)and three locations in the spring sowing area(SPS)in the main maizeproducing regions of China.Multiple GP models were employed to assess the accuracy of trait prediction in the hybrids.By ten-fold cross-validation,the prediction accuracies of yield performance of the hybrids estimated by the genomic best linear unbiased prediction(GBLUP)model in SUS and SPS were 0.51 and 0.46,respectively.The prediction accuracies of the remaining yield-related traits estimated with GBLUP ranged from 0.49 to 0.86 and from 0.53 to 0.89 in SUS and SPS,respectively.When additive,dominance,epistasis effects,genotype-by-environment interaction,and multi-trait effects were incorporated into the prediction model,the prediction accuracy of hybrid yield performance was improved.The ratio of training to testing population and size of training population optimal for yield prediction were determined.Multiple prediction models can improve prediction accuracy in hybrid breeding.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103029 and 51903075).
文摘Polyimide(PI)is a promising electronic packaging material,but it remains challenging to obtain an all-organic PI hybrid film with decreased dielectric constant and loss without modifying the monomer.Herein,a series of allorganic PI hybrid films were successfully prepared by introducing the covalent organic framework(COF),which could induce the formation of the cross-linking structure in the PI matrix.Due to the synergistic effects of the COF fillers and the cross-linking structure,the PI/COF hybrid film containing 2 wt%COF exhibited the lowest dielectric constant of 2.72 and the lowest dielectric loss(tanδ)of 0.0077 at 1 MHz.It is attributed to the intrinsic low dielectric constant of COF and a large number of mesopores within the PI.Besides,the cross-linking network of PI prevents the molecular chains from stacking and improves the fraction of free volume(FFV).The molecular dynamics simulation results are well consistent with the dielectric properties data.Furthermore,the PI/COF hybrid film with 5 wt%COF showed a significant enhancement in breakdown strength,which increased to 412.8 kV/mm as compared with pure PI.In addition,the PI/COF hybrid film achieve to reduce the dielectric constant and thermal expansion coefficient(CTE).It also exhibited excellent thermal,hydrophobicity,and mechanical performance.The all-organic PI/COF hybrid films have great commercial potential as next-generation electronic packaging materials.
