Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, w...Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, where △i’s are to be of interest and P0i’s are nuisance parameters. The null hypothesis of homogeneity on the risk difference can be written as展开更多
Objective To investigate gender differences in the risk factors and awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension.Methods The subjects were selected among local residents aged≥18 years old,by multi-stage stratified...Objective To investigate gender differences in the risk factors and awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension.Methods The subjects were selected among local residents aged≥18 years old,by multi-stage stratified-random sampling method.All participants accepted physical examinations including blood tests for lipids,展开更多
In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse ou...In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes（e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function）. To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways（AOPs） was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event（MIE） to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo（a）pyrene（Ba P）, silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）, and selenium（Se）. Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels.Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment.The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.展开更多
To improve the precision of estimation and power of testing hypothesis for an unconditional treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with binary outcomes,researchers and regulatory agencies recommend using g com...To improve the precision of estimation and power of testing hypothesis for an unconditional treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with binary outcomes,researchers and regulatory agencies recommend using g computation as a reliable method of covariate adjustment.How-ever,the practical application of g-computation is hindered by the lack of an explicit robust variance formula that can be used for different unconditional treatment effects of interest.To fill this gap,we provide explicit and robust variance estimators for g-computation estimators and demonstrate through simulations that the variance estimators can be reliably applied in practice.展开更多
Objective To observe the intervention effects of acupuncture combined with standardized treatment of western medicine on blood-stasis syndrome in unstable angina(UA)patients with different thrombolysis in myocardial i...Objective To observe the intervention effects of acupuncture combined with standardized treatment of western medicine on blood-stasis syndrome in unstable angina(UA)patients with different thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)risk stratification.Methods According to TIMI risk score,a total of 72 UA patients were included,24 cases in low-risk(0 to 2 points)group,24展开更多
文摘Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, where △i’s are to be of interest and P0i’s are nuisance parameters. The null hypothesis of homogeneity on the risk difference can be written as
文摘Objective To investigate gender differences in the risk factors and awareness,treatment,and control of hypertension.Methods The subjects were selected among local residents aged≥18 years old,by multi-stage stratified-random sampling method.All participants accepted physical examinations including blood tests for lipids,
基金a part of the project (20140342) titled " Development of techniques for assessment and management of hazardous chemicals in the marine environment " funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea to Jae-Seong Leesupported by the " Korea Polar Ocean Development: K-POD " grant (project no. PM14030) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea
文摘In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes（e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function）. To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways（AOPs） was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event（MIE） to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo（a）pyrene（Ba P）, silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）, and selenium（Se）. Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population levels.Also, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural environment.The development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.
基金This work was supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases[NIAID 5 UM1 AI068617].
文摘To improve the precision of estimation and power of testing hypothesis for an unconditional treatment effect in randomized clinical trials with binary outcomes,researchers and regulatory agencies recommend using g computation as a reliable method of covariate adjustment.How-ever,the practical application of g-computation is hindered by the lack of an explicit robust variance formula that can be used for different unconditional treatment effects of interest.To fill this gap,we provide explicit and robust variance estimators for g-computation estimators and demonstrate through simulations that the variance estimators can be reliably applied in practice.
文摘Objective To observe the intervention effects of acupuncture combined with standardized treatment of western medicine on blood-stasis syndrome in unstable angina(UA)patients with different thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)risk stratification.Methods According to TIMI risk score,a total of 72 UA patients were included,24 cases in low-risk(0 to 2 points)group,24
