Background: Viruses can cause different diseases in plants. To prevent viral infections, plants are treated with chemical compounds and antiviral agents. Chemical antiviral agents usually have narrow specificity, whic...Background: Viruses can cause different diseases in plants. To prevent viral infections, plants are treated with chemical compounds and antiviral agents. Chemical antiviral agents usually have narrow specificity, which limits their wide application. Alternative antiviral strategy is associated with the use of microbial enzymes, which are less toxic and are readily decomposed without accumulation of harmful substances. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease on various phytopathogenic viruses with specific focus on the ability of enzyme to eliminate them from plant explants in vitro. Materials and methods: Extracellular ribonuclease of B. pumilus is tested as an antiviral agent. To study the antiviral effect of RNase, depending on concentration and the time of application several plant-virus model systems are used. Virus detection is conducted by serological testing and RT-PCR. Results: Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease possesses antiviral activity against plant Rna-viruses RCMV (red clover mottle virus), PVX (Potato Virus X) and AMV (Alfalfa Mosaic Virus). The maximum inhibitory effect against actively replicating viruses is observed when plants are treated with the enzyme in the concentration of 100 ug/ml prior to infection. In case of local necrosis ribonuclease in the concentration of 1 ug/ml completely inhibits the development of RCMV virus on bean plants. The enzyme is able to penetrate plants and inhibit the development of viral infection, inhibiting effect for untreated surfaces decreased on average for 20%. It is also found that B. pumilus ribonuclease protects apical explants of sprouts of potato tubers from PVM and PVS viruses. Conclusion: B. pumilus ribonuclease possesses antiviral activity against plant Rna-viruses and produces viruses-free plants in the apical meristem culture.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel RNA coronavirus,SARS coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which is implicated in the respiratory system.SARS-CoV-2 also targets extrapulmonary systems,including th...Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel RNA coronavirus,SARS coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which is implicated in the respiratory system.SARS-CoV-2 also targets extrapulmonary systems,including the gastrointestinal tract,liver,central nervous system and others.SARS-CoV-2,like other RNA viruses,targets the liver and produces liver injury.This literature review showed that SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury is different from other RNA viruses by a transient elevation of hepatic enzymes and does not progress to liver fibrosis or other unfavorable events.Moreover,SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury usually occurs in the presence of risk factors,such as nonalcoholic liver fatty disease.This review highlights the important differences between RNA viruses inducing liver injury taking into consideration the clinical,biochemical,histopathological,postmortem findings and the chronicity of liver injury that ultimately leads to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.展开更多
Coronaviruses(CoVs),a family of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses,are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface,unusually large RNA genome,and unique replication capability.Co Vs are known t...Coronaviruses(CoVs),a family of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses,are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface,unusually large RNA genome,and unique replication capability.Co Vs are known to cause various potentially lethal human respiratory infectious diseases,such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),and the very recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.Unfortunately,neither drug nor vaccine has yet been approved to date to prevent and treat these diseases caused by CoVs.Therefore,effective prevention and treatment medications against human coronavirus are in urgent need.In the past decades,many natural compounds have been reported to possess multiple biological activities,including antiviral properties.In this article,we provided a comprehensive review on the natural compounds that interfere with the life cycles of SARS and MERS,and discussed their potential use for the treatment of COVID-19.展开更多
文摘Background: Viruses can cause different diseases in plants. To prevent viral infections, plants are treated with chemical compounds and antiviral agents. Chemical antiviral agents usually have narrow specificity, which limits their wide application. Alternative antiviral strategy is associated with the use of microbial enzymes, which are less toxic and are readily decomposed without accumulation of harmful substances. The aim of this work is to study the effect of Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease on various phytopathogenic viruses with specific focus on the ability of enzyme to eliminate them from plant explants in vitro. Materials and methods: Extracellular ribonuclease of B. pumilus is tested as an antiviral agent. To study the antiviral effect of RNase, depending on concentration and the time of application several plant-virus model systems are used. Virus detection is conducted by serological testing and RT-PCR. Results: Bacillus pumilus ribonuclease possesses antiviral activity against plant Rna-viruses RCMV (red clover mottle virus), PVX (Potato Virus X) and AMV (Alfalfa Mosaic Virus). The maximum inhibitory effect against actively replicating viruses is observed when plants are treated with the enzyme in the concentration of 100 ug/ml prior to infection. In case of local necrosis ribonuclease in the concentration of 1 ug/ml completely inhibits the development of RCMV virus on bean plants. The enzyme is able to penetrate plants and inhibit the development of viral infection, inhibiting effect for untreated surfaces decreased on average for 20%. It is also found that B. pumilus ribonuclease protects apical explants of sprouts of potato tubers from PVM and PVS viruses. Conclusion: B. pumilus ribonuclease possesses antiviral activity against plant Rna-viruses and produces viruses-free plants in the apical meristem culture.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019 is a pandemic disease caused by a novel RNA coronavirus,SARS coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),which is implicated in the respiratory system.SARS-CoV-2 also targets extrapulmonary systems,including the gastrointestinal tract,liver,central nervous system and others.SARS-CoV-2,like other RNA viruses,targets the liver and produces liver injury.This literature review showed that SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury is different from other RNA viruses by a transient elevation of hepatic enzymes and does not progress to liver fibrosis or other unfavorable events.Moreover,SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury usually occurs in the presence of risk factors,such as nonalcoholic liver fatty disease.This review highlights the important differences between RNA viruses inducing liver injury taking into consideration the clinical,biochemical,histopathological,postmortem findings and the chronicity of liver injury that ultimately leads to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
文摘Coronaviruses(CoVs),a family of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses,are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface,unusually large RNA genome,and unique replication capability.Co Vs are known to cause various potentially lethal human respiratory infectious diseases,such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),and the very recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.Unfortunately,neither drug nor vaccine has yet been approved to date to prevent and treat these diseases caused by CoVs.Therefore,effective prevention and treatment medications against human coronavirus are in urgent need.In the past decades,many natural compounds have been reported to possess multiple biological activities,including antiviral properties.In this article,we provided a comprehensive review on the natural compounds that interfere with the life cycles of SARS and MERS,and discussed their potential use for the treatment of COVID-19.
