The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span sty...The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span style="font-family:"">'</span><span style="font-family:"">-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,16<i>E</i>)-1,3,4-trihy<span>droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (<b>1</b>) together with</span> sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (<b>2</b>), chrysophanol (<b>3</b>), physcion (<b>4</b>), citreorosein (<b>5</b>), emodin (<b>6</b>), chrysophanein (<b>7</b>), physcionin (<b>8</b>), <span>lupeol (<b>9</b>), 3<i>β</i>,28-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (<b>10</b>), 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxylup-</span>20(29)-en-28-oic acid (<b>11</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>12</b>), ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (<b>13</b>), stigmastane-3,6-dione (<b>14</b>), a mixture of <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>15</b>) and stigmasterol (<b>16</b>), and <span>stigmasterol 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucoside (<b>17</b>). Their structures were determined by </span>in<span>terpretation of their spectroscopic 1D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR), 2D NMR</span> (COSY <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H, HSQC and HMBC) data in conjunction with mass spectrometry<span> </span>(TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among all the known compounds, twelve <b>(2</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>8</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">17) </span></b><span style="font-family:"">were firstly isolated from <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i>, seven <b>(2, 10</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">14 and 17)</span></b><span style="font-family:""> from the genus <i>Rumex</i> and three (<b>13, 14, 17</b>) from family Polygonaceae. The <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> antibacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, <i>n</i>-BuOH and EtOAc)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> as well as compounds <b>9</b>, <b>11, 12</b>, <b>15</b></span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">+</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">16</span></b><span style="font-family:""> and <b>17 </b>against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> ATCC 43300, <i>Shigella</i> <i>flexneri</i> NR 518, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumonia</i></span><i><span style="font-family:"">e</span></i><span style="font-family:""> ATCC 700603, <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> ATCC 25922)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> were performed using </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">broth microdilution method and the results show that, extract</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were not active (MIC </span><span style="font-family:"">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">1000 μg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 μg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationship</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> of the isolated compounds and their significance</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were discussed.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water ex...Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina bengh...Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activities and phytochemical content of the leaf and root extracts of Rumex crispus using the solvents extraction; methanol extract,ethanol extract, acetone extract(ACE), and wat...Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activities and phytochemical content of the leaf and root extracts of Rumex crispus using the solvents extraction; methanol extract,ethanol extract, acetone extract(ACE), and water extract.Methods: Total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, and total proanthocyanidin were evaluated using spectrophotometric equivalents of the standards, quercetin, gallic acid and catechin respectively. The antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were determined using ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging assays.Results: The flavonoids and phenols contents of the extracts were in the range of(19.39 ± 4.08) to(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g and(16.95 ± 12.03) to(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g, respectively. ACE of the leaf has the highest value of total flavonoids content(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g while ACE of the root has the highest value of total phenolic content(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g. The highest content of total proanthocyanidin(645.38 ± 1.33) mg CE/g was in ACE of the root. Significant amounts of saponin and alkaloid were also present in the root and leaf extracts. All solvent fractions showed significant antioxidant activities(P < 0.05) with ACE of the root having the highest scavenging value as shown in DPPH, ABTS, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide and ferric reducing antioxidant power(IC50= 0.014 mg/m L, <0.005 mg/m L, 0.048 mg/m L,0.067 mg/m L, and 0.075 mg/m L, respectively).Conclusions: In this study, the mean phytochemical content of the root of Rumex crispus is higher than that of the leaf and this may have contributed to its high antioxidant activities. This may also justify the frequent use of the root more than the leaves in traditional medicine for the cure of helminthic infections.展开更多
Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible an...Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible and a rich source of natural antioxidants. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. However, more studies are needed to scientifically validate the traditional uses of this plant, beside isolating and identifying their active principles and characterizing the mechanisms of action. We present herein a critical account of its botany, ecology, traditional uses, phytoconstituent profile and major pharmacological activities reported in recent years and therefore will provide a source of information on this plant for further studies.展开更多
Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectro...Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical means C 2009 Zhen Yue Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.展开更多
Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin ...Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.展开更多
Objective:To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L.(R.vesicarius).Methods:...Objective:To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L.(R.vesicarius).Methods:In the present study,acetone,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and methanol extracts of R.vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate,DNA sugar damage,scavenging of hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity,total phenolic content,total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin.High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R.vesicarius L.was also done.Results:Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system,hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R.vesicarius.Among them,methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy.The methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic,total flavonoids and total proanthocyanidin contents.Conclusions:The results suggest that the extracts can be a vital source of phytochemical antioxidants.展开更多
Objective:To examine the effect of Rumex crispus(R.crispus)and Rumex sanguineus(R.sanguineus)plant extracts against isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)from wounds,including multidrug-resistant strains.Met...Objective:To examine the effect of Rumex crispus(R.crispus)and Rumex sanguineus(R.sanguineus)plant extracts against isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)from wounds,including multidrug-resistant strains.Methods:Six prepared Rumex extracts were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Antimicrobial activity of extracts and pure compounds(catechin,quercetin,isoquercitrin,emodin,and gallic acid)was examined by a microtiter plate method,while for determination of compound binary combinations activity a checkerboard method was applied.Active fractions of extracts were detected by agar-overlay high-performance thinlayer chromatography-bioautography assay followed by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry analysis.Results:A total of 28 compounds were detected in two extracts of R.crispus and 26 compounds in four different R.sanguineus extracts,with catechin as a dominant component.Anti-A.baumannii activity was confirmed for all six R.sanguineus and R.crispus extracts at the concentration range from 1 to 4 mg/mL.Neither examined single compounds nor their binary combinations exhibited an anti-A.baumannii activity(MIC>256μg/mL).The bioautography showed that fractions with the most prominent anti-A.baumannii activity tended to contain more polar compounds,predominantly flavonol(quercetin and kaempherol)glycosides;but also fractions containing flavanone(eriodictyol)glycosides and anthraquinone(emodin)glycosides;and less polar eriodictyol aglycone.Conclusions:The results justify and elucidate the traditional application of R.sanguineus and R.crispus extracts for wound healing,indicating the necessity for their further examination in combat against multidrug-resistant A.baumannii isolates from wounds.展开更多
A new seco-anthraquinone,crispuside A(1),and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones,napthalenones A-C(2-4),were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,along with 10 known anthraquinones(6-14)and naph-thalenon...A new seco-anthraquinone,crispuside A(1),and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones,napthalenones A-C(2-4),were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,along with 10 known anthraquinones(6-14)and naph-thalenone(5).Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses,including ECD,and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5,whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time.The isolates 1,6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi,e.g.,Epidermophyton floccosum,Trichophyton rubrum,and Microsporum gypseum.Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity.Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E.floccosum(MIC_(50)=2.467±0.03μM)and M.gypseum(MIC_(50)=4.673±0.077μM),while the MIC_(50)values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287±0.012 and 0.077±0.00258μM,respectively.The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl,C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.展开更多
Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare;whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dan...Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare;whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dandruff, halitosis and malaria in Uganda. Owing to the paucity of data on their safety profiles, this study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of 70% ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants in mice and Wistar albino rats. The oral acute toxicity of both plants was evaluated in Swiss mice of 7-8 weeks old (16-22 g) body weight and LD50 determined. Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar albino rats (6 per group) at dose rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 28 days. The LD50 of R. abyssinica and M. spicata in mice was 7727 mg/kg and 13,606 mg/kg body weight, respectively. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of both plants extract included hyperurination, abdominal muscle twitches and convulsions. In the sub-acute toxicity test, rats treated with both extracts did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity;no mortality and changes in body weight were observed. R. abyssinica did not cause significant changes in haematological indices, except a significant increase in HCT (p 0.05). However, a dose dependant significant decrease in HCT (p 0.05) and a significant increase (p 0.05) in the levels of WBC, LMY and MCHC were observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Biochemical test showed that both extracts caused a significant dose dependent increase (p 0.05) in levels of ALT and ALP. Marked increase in the levels of AST was also observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Of the two extracts, only rats treated with </展开更多
Ethanolic extract of dried Rumex cyprius Murb （polygonaceae） was tested against four pathogenic fungi： three dermatophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, and the causative agent of c...Ethanolic extract of dried Rumex cyprius Murb （polygonaceae） was tested against four pathogenic fungi： three dermatophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, and the causative agent of chalkbrood disease of bees, Ascophaera apis. The extract showed considerable activity against all these fungi. One of the main constituents ofRumex cyprius was isolated and tested for its antimycotic activity. It showed a significant activity against the test fungi and was identified as 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione based on its IR, UV-V and 1^H NMR spectra.展开更多
Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided in...Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), acute lung injury group (ALI group) and n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz group (Rum group). ALI group and Rum group were established into ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, and Rum group were given intragastric administration of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz for intervention before model establishment. 12 h after endotoxin injection, the superior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the water content, and the inferior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the contents of AQPs molecules, inflammatory response molecules and oxidative stress molecules. Results: 12 h after endotoxin injection, the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was (6.82±0.97)%. After variance analysis, the water content of lung tissue in ALI group was significantly higher than that in NC group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower than those of NC group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of NC group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly higher than those of NC group;the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was significantly lower than that in ALI group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly higher than those of ALI group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of ALI group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly lower than those of ALI group. Conclusion:The n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz reduce the pulmonary edema, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis during the endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.展开更多
文摘The chemical study of <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i> Jacp (Polygonaceae) led to the iso<span>lation of a new ceramide named</span> (<i>R</i>)-2</span><span style="font-family:"">'</span><span style="font-family:"">-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-[(2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>,16<i>E</i>)-1,3,4-trihy<span>droxyhexacos-16-en-2-yl]hexadecanamide (rumexamide) (<b>1</b>) together with</span> sixteen known compounds: bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (<b>2</b>), chrysophanol (<b>3</b>), physcion (<b>4</b>), citreorosein (<b>5</b>), emodin (<b>6</b>), chrysophanein (<b>7</b>), physcionin (<b>8</b>), <span>lupeol (<b>9</b>), 3<i>β</i>,28-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (<b>10</b>), 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxylup-</span>20(29)-en-28-oic acid (<b>11</b>), oleanolic acid (<b>12</b>), ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (<b>13</b>), stigmastane-3,6-dione (<b>14</b>), a mixture of <i>β</i>-sitosterol (<b>15</b>) and stigmasterol (<b>16</b>), and <span>stigmasterol 3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-glucoside (<b>17</b>). Their structures were determined by </span>in<span>terpretation of their spectroscopic 1D NMR (<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR), 2D NMR</span> (COSY <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H, HSQC and HMBC) data in conjunction with mass spectrometry<span> </span>(TOFESIMS and HR-TOFESIMS) and by comparison with those reported in the literature. Among all the known compounds, twelve <b>(2</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>8</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">17) </span></b><span style="font-family:"">were firstly isolated from <i>Rumex</i> <i>abyssinicus</i>, seven <b>(2, 10</b></span><b><span style="font-family:"">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">14 and 17)</span></b><span style="font-family:""> from the genus <i>Rumex</i> and three (<b>13, 14, 17</b>) from family Polygonaceae. The <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> antibacterial activities of extracts (MeOH, <i>n</i>-BuOH and EtOAc)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> as well as compounds <b>9</b>, <b>11, 12</b>, <b>15</b></span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">+</span></b><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:"">16</span></b><span style="font-family:""> and <b>17 </b>against pathogenic bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> ATCC 43300, <i>Shigella</i> <i>flexneri</i> NR 518, <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumonia</i></span><i><span style="font-family:"">e</span></i><span style="font-family:""> ATCC 700603, <i>Escherichia</i> <i>coli</i> ATCC 25922)</span><span style="font-family:"">,</span><span style="font-family:""> were performed using </span><span style="font-family:"">the </span><span style="font-family:"">broth microdilution method and the results show that, extract</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were not active (MIC </span><span style="font-family:"">></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:"">1000 μg/mL) while compounds were weakly or not active (MIC ≥ 500 μg/mL) against all bacteria strains. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationship</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> of the isolated compounds and their significance</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> were discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30471506).
文摘Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activities of three Chinese plants N. indicum Mill, P. stenoptera DC, and R. japonicum Houtt, and to clarify the molluscicidal mechanism. Methods N-butanol extracts and water extracts of the three plants were obtained. The reactions of EST isozyme, glycogen and total protein of snails to the plant extracts were studied. Results EST electrophoresis showed that EST was an important antidotal enzyme system and reacted strongly to environment EST changed greatly during the whole exposure period so that it could be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. Extracts decreased the glycogen content of the snails＇ soft tissues greatly, and also the protein content. ConcIusion All extracts show strong molluscicidal activity. The LD50 value of the water extract of N. indicum Mill is as low as 13.2 mg/L. EST can be viewed as a pathological index of toxicity. The energy metabolism abnormity is the key reason fnr the molluscicidal activities. The biochemical mechanism needs further research.
基金support of the National University of SingaporeQuaid-i-Azam University
文摘Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects against dengue virus serotype 2(DENV-2) by five different fractions(extracted by methanol, ethanol, benzene, chloroform and n-hexane) of Rumex dentatus, Commelina benghalensis, Ajuga bracteosa and Ziziphus mauritiana, as well as their constituents(gallic acid, emodin, and isovanillic acid). Methods: All the samples were tested for cytotoxicity on baby hamster kidney cells by MTT assay and for anti-DENV-2 activity by plaque reduction neutralization assay using two DENV-2 doses(45 and 90 plaqueforming units or PFU). Results: All the samples except isovanillic acid exhibited significant prophylactic effects against DENV-2 infectivity(without cytotoxicity) when administered to cells before infection, but were not effective when given 6 h post-infection. The methanol extract of Rumex dentatus demonstrated the highest antiviral efficacy by inhibiting DENV-2 replication, with IC_(50) of 0.154 μg/mL and 0.234 μg/mL, when added before infection with 45 and 90 PFU of virus, respectively. Gallic acid also exhibited significant antiviral effects by prophylactic treatment prior to virus adsorption on cells, with IC_(50) of 0.191 μg/mL and 0.522 μg/mL at 45 and 90 PFU of DENV-2 infection, respectively. Conclusions: The highly potent activities of the extracts and constituent compounds of these plants against DENV-2 infectivity highlight their potential as targets for further research to identify novel antiviral agents against dengue.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activities and phytochemical content of the leaf and root extracts of Rumex crispus using the solvents extraction; methanol extract,ethanol extract, acetone extract(ACE), and water extract.Methods: Total flavonoids content, total phenolic content, and total proanthocyanidin were evaluated using spectrophotometric equivalents of the standards, quercetin, gallic acid and catechin respectively. The antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were determined using ABTS, DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide scavenging assays.Results: The flavonoids and phenols contents of the extracts were in the range of(19.39 ± 4.08) to(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g and(16.95 ± 12.03) to(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g, respectively. ACE of the leaf has the highest value of total flavonoids content(526.23 ± 17.52) mg QE/g while ACE of the root has the highest value of total phenolic content(240.68 ± 3.50) mg GAE/g. The highest content of total proanthocyanidin(645.38 ± 1.33) mg CE/g was in ACE of the root. Significant amounts of saponin and alkaloid were also present in the root and leaf extracts. All solvent fractions showed significant antioxidant activities(P < 0.05) with ACE of the root having the highest scavenging value as shown in DPPH, ABTS, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide and ferric reducing antioxidant power(IC50= 0.014 mg/m L, <0.005 mg/m L, 0.048 mg/m L,0.067 mg/m L, and 0.075 mg/m L, respectively).Conclusions: In this study, the mean phytochemical content of the root of Rumex crispus is higher than that of the leaf and this may have contributed to its high antioxidant activities. This may also justify the frequent use of the root more than the leaves in traditional medicine for the cure of helminthic infections.
基金supported by the VK’s lab from Savitribai Phule Pune University in the form of Research Grant(No.:OSD/BCUD/392/132)
文摘Rumex nepalensis Spreng.(Polygonaceae) commonly known as Nepal Dock has wide-spectrum therapeutic potencies and is extensively used for centuries in traditional medicine systems. The leaves of this plant are edible and a rich source of natural antioxidants. They act as a possible food supplement and are largely used in pharmaceutical industry. Extracts and metabolites from this plant exhibits pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, purgative, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-algal, central nervous system depressant, genotoxic, wound healing and skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Due to its remarkable biological activities, it has the potential to act as a rich source of drug against life threatening diseases. However, more studies are needed to scientifically validate the traditional uses of this plant, beside isolating and identifying their active principles and characterizing the mechanisms of action. We present herein a critical account of its botany, ecology, traditional uses, phytoconstituent profile and major pharmacological activities reported in recent years and therefore will provide a source of information on this plant for further studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30270156).
文摘Two new C-glucoside oxanthrones, 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin A （1） and 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B （2）, were isolated from the roots of Rumex gmelini Turcz. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical means C 2009 Zhen Yue Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,China (2021YFE0103600) for International Scientific and Technological Innovative Cooperation between Governments。
文摘Rumex L.,a genus in Polygonaceae family with about 200 species,is growing widely around the world.Some Rumex species,called"sorrel"or"dock",have been used as food application and treatment of skin diseases and hemostasis after trauma by the local people of its growing areas for centuries.To date,29 Rumex species have been studied to contain about 268 substances,including anthraquinones,flavonoids,naphthalenes,stilbenes,diterpene alkaloids,terpenes,lignans,and tannins.Crude extract of Rumex spp.and the pure isolates displayed various bioactivities,such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antioxidant,cardiovascular protection and antiaging activities.Rumex species have important potential to become a clinical medicinal source in future.This review covers research articles from 1900 to 2022,fetched from SciFinder,Web of Science,ResearchGate,CNKI and Google Scholar,using“Rumex”as a search term("all fields")with no specific time frame set for the search.Thirty-five Rumex species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,edible parts,traditional uses,chemical research and pharmacological properties.
基金Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research,Salman binAbdulaziz University,Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia(Grant No.4/1432)
文摘Objective:To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L.(R.vesicarius).Methods:In the present study,acetone,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and methanol extracts of R.vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate,DNA sugar damage,scavenging of hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity,total phenolic content,total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin.High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R.vesicarius L.was also done.Results:Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system,hydrogen peroxide,diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R.vesicarius.Among them,methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy.The methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic,total flavonoids and total proanthocyanidin contents.Conclusions:The results suggest that the extracts can be a vital source of phytochemical antioxidants.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,grant OI 172058.
文摘Objective:To examine the effect of Rumex crispus(R.crispus)and Rumex sanguineus(R.sanguineus)plant extracts against isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii)from wounds,including multidrug-resistant strains.Methods:Six prepared Rumex extracts were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Antimicrobial activity of extracts and pure compounds(catechin,quercetin,isoquercitrin,emodin,and gallic acid)was examined by a microtiter plate method,while for determination of compound binary combinations activity a checkerboard method was applied.Active fractions of extracts were detected by agar-overlay high-performance thinlayer chromatography-bioautography assay followed by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry analysis.Results:A total of 28 compounds were detected in two extracts of R.crispus and 26 compounds in four different R.sanguineus extracts,with catechin as a dominant component.Anti-A.baumannii activity was confirmed for all six R.sanguineus and R.crispus extracts at the concentration range from 1 to 4 mg/mL.Neither examined single compounds nor their binary combinations exhibited an anti-A.baumannii activity(MIC>256μg/mL).The bioautography showed that fractions with the most prominent anti-A.baumannii activity tended to contain more polar compounds,predominantly flavonol(quercetin and kaempherol)glycosides;but also fractions containing flavanone(eriodictyol)glycosides and anthraquinone(emodin)glycosides;and less polar eriodictyol aglycone.Conclusions:The results justify and elucidate the traditional application of R.sanguineus and R.crispus extracts for wound healing,indicating the necessity for their further examination in combat against multidrug-resistant A.baumannii isolates from wounds.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,2021YFE0103600.
文摘A new seco-anthraquinone,crispuside A(1),and three new 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones,napthalenones A-C(2-4),were isolated from the roots of Rumex crispus L.,along with 10 known anthraquinones(6-14)and naph-thalenone(5).Their structures were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses,including ECD,and X-ray crystallography in case of compound 5,whose absolute configuration was determined for the first time.The isolates 1,6-14 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal activity against three skin fungi,e.g.,Epidermophyton floccosum,Trichophyton rubrum,and Microsporum gypseum.Most of the isolates showed weak anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory activity.Only compound 9 exhibited obvious anti-fungal activity against E.floccosum(MIC_(50)=2.467±0.03μM)and M.gypseum(MIC_(50)=4.673±0.077μM),while the MIC_(50)values of the positive control terbinafine were 1.287±0.012 and 0.077±0.00258μM,respectively.The results indicated that simple emodin type anthraquinone is more potential against skin fungi than its oxyglucosyl,C-glucosyl and glycosylated seco analogues.
文摘Rumex abyssinica Jacq. (Polygonaceae) is locally used in management of allergies and female reproductive healthcare;whereas Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae) is used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory distress, dandruff, halitosis and malaria in Uganda. Owing to the paucity of data on their safety profiles, this study evaluated the acute and sub-acute toxicities of 70% ethanolic leaf extracts of both plants in mice and Wistar albino rats. The oral acute toxicity of both plants was evaluated in Swiss mice of 7-8 weeks old (16-22 g) body weight and LD50 determined. Sub-acute toxicity was evaluated in Wistar albino rats (6 per group) at dose rates of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg for 28 days. The LD50 of R. abyssinica and M. spicata in mice was 7727 mg/kg and 13,606 mg/kg body weight, respectively. General signs of toxicity due to large doses of both plants extract included hyperurination, abdominal muscle twitches and convulsions. In the sub-acute toxicity test, rats treated with both extracts did not exhibit any clinical signs of toxicity;no mortality and changes in body weight were observed. R. abyssinica did not cause significant changes in haematological indices, except a significant increase in HCT (p 0.05). However, a dose dependant significant decrease in HCT (p 0.05) and a significant increase (p 0.05) in the levels of WBC, LMY and MCHC were observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Biochemical test showed that both extracts caused a significant dose dependent increase (p 0.05) in levels of ALT and ALP. Marked increase in the levels of AST was also observed in rats treated with M. spicata extract. Of the two extracts, only rats treated with </
文摘Ethanolic extract of dried Rumex cyprius Murb （polygonaceae） was tested against four pathogenic fungi： three dermatophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum, and the causative agent of chalkbrood disease of bees, Ascophaera apis. The extract showed considerable activity against all these fungi. One of the main constituents ofRumex cyprius was isolated and tested for its antimycotic activity. It showed a significant activity against the test fungi and was identified as 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione based on its IR, UV-V and 1^H NMR spectra.
文摘Objective: To study the effects of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz on the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Methods: Kunming mice were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into normal control group (NC group), acute lung injury group (ALI group) and n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz group (Rum group). ALI group and Rum group were established into ALI models by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin, and Rum group were given intragastric administration of n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz for intervention before model establishment. 12 h after endotoxin injection, the superior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the water content, and the inferior lobe of right lung was taken to determine the contents of AQPs molecules, inflammatory response molecules and oxidative stress molecules. Results: 12 h after endotoxin injection, the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was (6.82±0.97)%. After variance analysis, the water content of lung tissue in ALI group was significantly higher than that in NC group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly lower than those of NC group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of NC group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly higher than those of NC group;the water content of lung tissue in Rum group was significantly lower than that in ALI group, AQP1 and AQP5 protein levels in lung tissue were significantly higher than those of ALI group, AQP3 and AQP4 protein levels were not different from those of ALI group, and MPO, NF-kB, TNF-α, HMGB1, IL-8, ROS, ATP, MDA, Bax and Caspase-3 protein levels were significantly lower than those of ALI group. Conclusion:The n-butanol extract of Rumex gmelini Turcz reduce the pulmonary edema, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis during the endotoxin-induced ALI in mice.
