The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018...The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.展开更多
Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying t...Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.展开更多
Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strat...Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization,this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares,simultaneous equation estimation,and the extended regression model.It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’economic health burden,as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’disease burden.Fiscal decentralization,urbanization,and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents,and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization.In the eastern and central regions,ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents,but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents.While the“catching-up trend”of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious,ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents.After the robustness test,the conclusion still holds.This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies.展开更多
Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analys...Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic model to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of woolen products. The results indicated that residents in the middle region were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the residents in the east region. Urban residents were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the rural residents. Personal income,satisfaction degree of quality, and style have significant positive impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater, and purchasing quantity of cotton sweater has significant negative impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater.展开更多
In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new cha...In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.展开更多
Taking the rural residents in Yanqing District of Beijing as the research object,through field investigations and interviews,it is found that the main characteristics,income and expenditure level,preference and cognit...Taking the rural residents in Yanqing District of Beijing as the research object,through field investigations and interviews,it is found that the main characteristics,income and expenditure level,preference and cognitive level of rural residents are the factors that affect the dairy consumption behavior of rural residents.Using the bivariate regression model for empirical analysis,it is concluded that rural residents'occupation,monthly average income,purchase expenditure and attitude towards dairy safety have a significant impact on rural residents'dairy consumption behavior,and then relevant constructive suggestions are put forward to guide rural residents'balanced consumption.展开更多
Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture p...Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.展开更多
On the basis of expounding the status quo of rural residents' residence, the thesis notes that influenced by the weak foundation of rural economy, the characteristic of mountain landscape, smallholder consciousnes...On the basis of expounding the status quo of rural residents' residence, the thesis notes that influenced by the weak foundation of rural economy, the characteristic of mountain landscape, smallholder consciousness, shortage of capital and other factors, the rural residents in Chongqing City mainly live scattered. In addition to opportunities of the expansion and drive of city, rural market development, rural resources development, rural industrial development, and rural ecological migration, the model of urban development promotion, the model of market development drive, the model of land development drive, the model of rural industry construction and the model of resettlement and reconstruction are advocated in order to guide the rural residents to adopt relative centralized residence. The suggestions concerning guiding rural residents' relative centralized residence are put forward as follows: firstly, act according to circumstances and conduct scientific planning and design; secondly, propagate extensively and activate famers' willingness; thirdly, first experiment and exert the exemplary guide; fourthly, perfect policy and guarantee farmers' benefit; fifthly, strengthen leadership and decrease the risk of centralized residence; sixthly, boost gradually and realize moderate centralized residence.展开更多
On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment can...On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment cannot meet the need of social development; the traditional consumption concept has not yet been changed; the social security system is not sound; the support of rural finance is short. Pointed countermeasures for eliminating the obstacles to rural residents' consumption are put forward as follows: first, adopt effective measures to elevate the level of farmers' income; second, strengthen the credit support of rural finance; third, quicken the pace of modernized development in rural areas; fourth, construct perfect rural social security system.展开更多
Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from diff...Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from different aspects,which mainly analyze the obsolete data from the macroscopic angle by measuring methods.Only a few researches analyze the data in recent years from the provincial angle by using Theil index as the analysis index.Therefore,taking Anhui Province as an example,Theil index is selected to calculate the consumption gap of rural residents in Anhui Province in the years 2003-2008,according to the sample survey of rural households in Anhui Province in the years 2004-2009.Through the analysis of living consumption expenditure of rural residents,consumption change and its various internal causes are studied.Result shows that differentiation change of food and residence consumption expenditure is the major reason for the differentiation change of living consumption expenditure.Proportions of other expenditures are relatively small,having little impact on the living consumption of rural residents.Based on this,suggestions are put forward in order to minimize the difference in living consumption expenditure in rural areas,such as enhancing the income level of middle and low-income family in rural areas,improving the reform of education and health care,and strengthening the construction of rural road.展开更多
Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural re...Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural resident,per capita living expenses of rural residents and percapita savings to conduct the unit root and co-integration test on the consumption and net income per rural residents in Hunan Province by adoptingthe generalized difference method and EVIEWS6.0,then according to the Modigliani Hypothesis of Consumption,Duesenberry Hypothesis of Con-sumption and Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis,the thesis makes a fitting of Hunan consumption function model,aiming to find out the consump-tion function model suitable to Hunan Province.The results show that,Keynesian consumption function based on Absolute Income Hypothesis pas-ses the statistical test and econometric test,while the consumption function model based on Relative Income Hypothesis and that based on Life Cy-cle Hypothesis do not,which proves that the consumption function model based on Absolute Income Hypothesis is better suited for describing the re-lations between rural consumption and income in Hunan Province.Taking into account the low marginal propensity of consumption of the rural resi-dents in Hunan Province,the thesis proposes to expand consumption demand of rural residents:firstly,developing characteristic economy and im-proving the income level of rural residents;secondly,perfecting the social security system in rural areas and maintaining the consumption confi-dence of rural residents;thirdly,ameliorating the circulation system.展开更多
Population is a basic factor that affects consumption of residents. In China,insufficient demand of residents,especially low consumption demand of rural residents,directly weakens the promotion of consumption for econ...Population is a basic factor that affects consumption of residents. In China,insufficient demand of residents,especially low consumption demand of rural residents,directly weakens the promotion of consumption for economic growth. This drives the study on the relationship between the aging trend and consumption of rural residents. In this paper,the current situation of population aging in China was firstly analyzed. Then a dynamic macroeconomic model was established using the cointegration theory and selecting related time series data such as per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents( Con),per capita net income of rural residents( Rev),urban-rural income gap( RU),children dependency ratio( CDR),and old-age dependency ratio( ODR),to test the correlation between variables. The results show that the decline in the children dependency ratio promotes the increase of consumption willingness of rural residents,while the rise in the old-age dependency ratio inhibits the consumption willingness of rural residents. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for guiding and promoting the consumption level of rural residents in China.展开更多
Through an in-depth analysis of the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City,it was known that the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City was increasing at high speed in recent 10 y...Through an in-depth analysis of the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City,it was known that the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City was increasing at high speed in recent 10 years. However,the wage income,household operating income,and agricultural income gap constitute the major factors influencing the gap of the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City. Finally,it came up with recommendations including promoting the reasonable flow of labor to the secondary and tertiary industries,increasing the wage income and transfer income of rural residents,accelerating the construction of small towns in rural areas,promoting the development of rural cooperatives,implementing the strategy of " benefiting farmers and strengthening tourism",promoting integration of agriculture and eco-tourism,promoting the development of modern agriculture,and expanding diversified production income of farmers.展开更多
Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and ec...Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty,and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method.The results show that:since the reform and opening up,the changes of Chinese farmers’consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole,but also show a significant habit forming effect,and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption;there is a large gap between regions,and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy,the impact is greater.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption,maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy,enhance the stability,continuity and accuracy of the policy,drive the development of the western region,build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’income,and further change farmers’consumption concept.展开更多
Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple fa...Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.展开更多
The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese dece...The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese decentralization level,this paper establishes panel data model from national and regional perspective to empirically investigate the impact of Chinese decentralization on income inequality between urban and rural residents.Firstly,the promotion of budgetary income decentralization is conductive to reduce income inequality of urban and rural residents whether it is from the national or sub regional.Second,although the promotion of budgetary expenditure decentralization exacerbates the urban-rural income inequality in the national level,it could obviously reduce the urban-rural income inequality in the midwest with relatively low level of budgetary expenditure decentralization.Thirdly,the impact of extra-budgetary decentralization on income inequality is consistent,no matter in the whole country,in eastern or in western regions.This means that the extra-budgetary income decentralization makes the income inequality between urban and rural residents worse while the extra-budgetary expenditure decentralization reduces the income inequality between urban and rural residents with different degrees.Fourthly,the transfer payment,years of schooling and urban unemployment rate are conductive to narrow the income inequality between urban and rural residents while the impacts of economic development,urbanization and opening degree are obviously different in different regions.The above conclusions can not only be used for reference to further perfecting and reshaping the fair efficiency mechanism of Chinese decentralization,but also indicates the direction of the new fiscal and tax system reform.展开更多
基金This paper is part of the Youth Program of Science and Technology Research of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202300545)Youth Program of National Social Science Fund of China(21CJY001)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202300567).
文摘The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.
基金Supported by the Hebei Social Science Fund Project(HB08BTJ001)
文摘Based on the relevant data of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007,the relationship between actual income and consumption of rural residents was tested by applying the co-integration theory and Granger causality test.The result shows that there is long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the net Income per capita and consumption expenditure per capita of rural residents in Hebei Province from 1983 to 2007;the result of Granger causality test shows that the actual Income of rural residents in Hebei Province has significant impact on the actual consumption,but the impact is weakened gradually;in short term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is not so significant,but the impact will become significant gradually as time goes on.During the process of the mutual impact and function of the actual income and consumption of rural residents in Hebei Province,the impact of the actual income of rural residents on the actual consumption is mainly represented in short term;in middle term,the interactions between the actual Income and actual consumption are significant;in long term,the impact of the actual consumption on the actual income is mainly displayed.According to the result,in short term the government in Hebei Province can expand consumption through increasing the income of rural residents,while in long term the government can drive the economic growth by expanding domestic demands.
基金supported by the key program of the National Social Science Foundation of China“Research on the Theoretical Basis and Index System of Building a Modern Economic System in the New Era”[Grant number.18XKS009]the Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Soft Science Research“Research on the transformation path of high-quality development of new economy enterprises in Sichuan from the perspective of double cycle”[Grant number.2022JDR0261].
文摘Accelerating the construction of ecological civilization and promoting the management of health environment problems is one of the core elements of the implementation of the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Based on the scientific connotation of ecological civilization,this paper systematically assesses the level of interprovincial ecological civilization construction in China using the combined CRITIC empowerment method and explores the impact of ecological civilization construction on the health burden of urban and rural residents using interprovincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 with the help of panel feasible generalized least squares,simultaneous equation estimation,and the extended regression model.It is found that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between provincial ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’economic health burden,as well as a significant U-shaped relationship between ecological civilization construction and urban and rural residents’disease burden.Fiscal decentralization,urbanization,and industrialization are the three important indirect mechanisms through which ecological civilization affects the health burden of urban and rural residents,and fiscal decentralization plays a typical role in crowding out the health effect of ecological civilization.In the eastern and central regions,ecological civilization construction has effectively reduced the health burden of urban and rural residents,but it is more significant for improving the economic health burden of rural residents.While the“catching-up trend”of the progress of ecological civilization construction in the western region is obvious,ecological civilization plays an important role in alleviating the economic health burden of urban residents.After the robustness test,the conclusion still holds.This study provides an important empirical basis for local governments to improve the accuracy of their policies in promoting the“Beautiful China”and“Healthy China”strategies.
基金Industrial Economy Research of National Wool and Cashmere Industry Technology System,China(No.CARS-40-20)
文摘Consumption of woolen products is the last link of wool industry chain,and it concerns whether the value of woolen products can be realized smoothly. Based on 513 questionnaires, it uses descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic model to analyze the consumption and influencing factors of woolen products. The results indicated that residents in the middle region were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the residents in the east region. Urban residents were more inclined to purchase woolen sweater compared to the rural residents. Personal income,satisfaction degree of quality, and style have significant positive impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater, and purchasing quantity of cotton sweater has significant negative impact on whether residents purchase woolen sweater.
文摘In the process of urbanization,there are problems of decline in rural population,shrinkage of rural area,and constant increase in the per-capita net income of rural residents. These problems have brought about new characteristics and changes to the consumption structure of rural residents. This paper divided the urbanization into population urbanization,industrial urbanization and land urbanization. Using the panel data of 31 provinces in 2004-2013,it established the dynamic panel model and analyzed the effects of different types of urbanization on the consumption structure of rural residents. Results indicated that population urbanization exerts a negative effect on development-oriented consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on enjoyment consumption expenditure; the industrial urbanization exerts a negative effect on the consumption expenditure of rural residents,while it exerts a positive effect on clothing and transportation communication consumption of rural residents; land urbanization exerts a negative effect on medical care expenditure in enjoyment consumption of rural residents. In view of these problems,it came up with recommendations,including stimulating the development of rural consumer market,liberating the consumption potentiality of rural areas,making clear emphasis points of different types of urbanization,avoiding promoting the urbanization in a blind manner,and adjusting the development of different types of urbanization on the basis of the consumption demands of rural residents.
基金Talent Training Quality Construction-Cross Training Program for High-level Talents-Practical Training Program(Municipal Level)(PXM2020-014207-000009)Special Project for Beijing New Countryside Construction Research Base in 2019(PXM2019-014207-000016)2020 Connotative Development Quota Project-Funds for Improving the Quality of Talent training-Teaching Team Construction of Agricultural Economics Course Group(5046516642).
文摘Taking the rural residents in Yanqing District of Beijing as the research object,through field investigations and interviews,it is found that the main characteristics,income and expenditure level,preference and cognitive level of rural residents are the factors that affect the dairy consumption behavior of rural residents.Using the bivariate regression model for empirical analysis,it is concluded that rural residents'occupation,monthly average income,purchase expenditure and attitude towards dairy safety have a significant impact on rural residents'dairy consumption behavior,and then relevant constructive suggestions are put forward to guide rural residents'balanced consumption.
基金Supported by National Science Foundation of China (41001076)
文摘Liaoning is a granary province with a large agricultural population and great market potential. Expanding rural residents' consumption becomes a necessity for enlarging domestic demand, solving three agriculture problems and promoting sustainable and rapid economic development. The research shows that since invigorating old industrial base in Liaoning, the contribution rate of rural residents' consumption to economic motivation is low and unstable, which has become one of the choke points for the development of economy. By using the grey correlation method, the influences of rural residents' consumption in different periods to GDP per capita are analyzed, the results show that the consumption level of rural residents were increasing, but their contribution rate on economic growth showed the descending tend. The residential expenses stay in the major position of consumption expenses; the education and entertainment products and service consumption play an important role; the growth of transportation and telecommunication is slow; the expenses on medical care are low and its contribution rate on economic growth is relatively weak. The countermeasures on developing rural economy, increasing rural residents' income, improving rural consumption environment, accelerating rural infrastructure construction, constructing and perfecting rural social security system and expanding rural consumption credit market are put forward to expand rural residents' consumption demand and realize the sustainable development of economy.
基金Supported by the Research on the Mechanism and System of Guiding Farmers' Relatively Centralized Residence (0106002442003)Research Program of the Comprehensive Matching Reform Subject of Coordinating City and Village in 2009
文摘On the basis of expounding the status quo of rural residents' residence, the thesis notes that influenced by the weak foundation of rural economy, the characteristic of mountain landscape, smallholder consciousness, shortage of capital and other factors, the rural residents in Chongqing City mainly live scattered. In addition to opportunities of the expansion and drive of city, rural market development, rural resources development, rural industrial development, and rural ecological migration, the model of urban development promotion, the model of market development drive, the model of land development drive, the model of rural industry construction and the model of resettlement and reconstruction are advocated in order to guide the rural residents to adopt relative centralized residence. The suggestions concerning guiding rural residents' relative centralized residence are put forward as follows: firstly, act according to circumstances and conduct scientific planning and design; secondly, propagate extensively and activate famers' willingness; thirdly, first experiment and exert the exemplary guide; fourthly, perfect policy and guarantee farmers' benefit; fifthly, strengthen leadership and decrease the risk of centralized residence; sixthly, boost gradually and realize moderate centralized residence.
文摘On the basis of relevant statistical data, this paper analyzes the obstacles to rural residents' consumption in China as follows: the consumption structure is restricted critically; the consumption environment cannot meet the need of social development; the traditional consumption concept has not yet been changed; the social security system is not sound; the support of rural finance is short. Pointed countermeasures for eliminating the obstacles to rural residents' consumption are put forward as follows: first, adopt effective measures to elevate the level of farmers' income; second, strengthen the credit support of rural finance; third, quicken the pace of modernized development in rural areas; fourth, construct perfect rural social security system.
文摘Literature review on the status of consumption difference of rural residents and its causation analysis is carried out.Most researches introduce the status and causation of consumption cap in rural residents from different aspects,which mainly analyze the obsolete data from the macroscopic angle by measuring methods.Only a few researches analyze the data in recent years from the provincial angle by using Theil index as the analysis index.Therefore,taking Anhui Province as an example,Theil index is selected to calculate the consumption gap of rural residents in Anhui Province in the years 2003-2008,according to the sample survey of rural households in Anhui Province in the years 2004-2009.Through the analysis of living consumption expenditure of rural residents,consumption change and its various internal causes are studied.Result shows that differentiation change of food and residence consumption expenditure is the major reason for the differentiation change of living consumption expenditure.Proportions of other expenditures are relatively small,having little impact on the living consumption of rural residents.Based on this,suggestions are put forward in order to minimize the difference in living consumption expenditure in rural areas,such as enhancing the income level of middle and low-income family in rural areas,improving the reform of education and health care,and strengthening the construction of rural road.
文摘Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural resident,per capita living expenses of rural residents and percapita savings to conduct the unit root and co-integration test on the consumption and net income per rural residents in Hunan Province by adoptingthe generalized difference method and EVIEWS6.0,then according to the Modigliani Hypothesis of Consumption,Duesenberry Hypothesis of Con-sumption and Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis,the thesis makes a fitting of Hunan consumption function model,aiming to find out the consump-tion function model suitable to Hunan Province.The results show that,Keynesian consumption function based on Absolute Income Hypothesis pas-ses the statistical test and econometric test,while the consumption function model based on Relative Income Hypothesis and that based on Life Cy-cle Hypothesis do not,which proves that the consumption function model based on Absolute Income Hypothesis is better suited for describing the re-lations between rural consumption and income in Hunan Province.Taking into account the low marginal propensity of consumption of the rural resi-dents in Hunan Province,the thesis proposes to expand consumption demand of rural residents:firstly,developing characteristic economy and im-proving the income level of rural residents;secondly,perfecting the social security system in rural areas and maintaining the consumption confi-dence of rural residents;thirdly,ameliorating the circulation system.
文摘Population is a basic factor that affects consumption of residents. In China,insufficient demand of residents,especially low consumption demand of rural residents,directly weakens the promotion of consumption for economic growth. This drives the study on the relationship between the aging trend and consumption of rural residents. In this paper,the current situation of population aging in China was firstly analyzed. Then a dynamic macroeconomic model was established using the cointegration theory and selecting related time series data such as per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents( Con),per capita net income of rural residents( Rev),urban-rural income gap( RU),children dependency ratio( CDR),and old-age dependency ratio( ODR),to test the correlation between variables. The results show that the decline in the children dependency ratio promotes the increase of consumption willingness of rural residents,while the rise in the old-age dependency ratio inhibits the consumption willingness of rural residents. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for guiding and promoting the consumption level of rural residents in China.
文摘Through an in-depth analysis of the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City,it was known that the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City was increasing at high speed in recent 10 years. However,the wage income,household operating income,and agricultural income gap constitute the major factors influencing the gap of the per capita net income of rural residents in Nyingchi City. Finally,it came up with recommendations including promoting the reasonable flow of labor to the secondary and tertiary industries,increasing the wage income and transfer income of rural residents,accelerating the construction of small towns in rural areas,promoting the development of rural cooperatives,implementing the strategy of " benefiting farmers and strengthening tourism",promoting integration of agriculture and eco-tourism,promoting the development of modern agriculture,and expanding diversified production income of farmers.
基金This paper is the result of Yangzhou University Science and innovation fund(Project No.:x20200820).
文摘Based on the household survey data of rural residents in 30 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 1995 to 2019,this paper constructs an econometric model of farmers’consumption behavior with habit formation and economic policy uncertainty,and makes an empirical analysis of farmers’consumption behavior by using sys-gmm estimation method.The results show that:since the reform and opening up,the changes of Chinese farmers’consumption behavior not only show excessive sensitivity to income changes on the whole,but also show a significant habit forming effect,and the existence of habit effect will reduce the impact of economic policy uncertainty on consumption;there is a large gap between regions,and the consumption in the western region is affected by the uncertainty of economic policy,the impact is greater.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the impact of economic shock on consumption,maintain the systematicness and stability of the policy,enhance the stability,continuity and accuracy of the policy,drive the development of the western region,build a long-term policy mechanism to promote the sustained and rapid increase of farmers’income,and further change farmers’consumption concept.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573015,71521002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602801).
文摘Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.
文摘The paper firstly explains the mechanism of decentralization on income inequality from two theoretical dimensions of internal and external budget.Based on the re-measurement of income Gini coefficient and Chinese decentralization level,this paper establishes panel data model from national and regional perspective to empirically investigate the impact of Chinese decentralization on income inequality between urban and rural residents.Firstly,the promotion of budgetary income decentralization is conductive to reduce income inequality of urban and rural residents whether it is from the national or sub regional.Second,although the promotion of budgetary expenditure decentralization exacerbates the urban-rural income inequality in the national level,it could obviously reduce the urban-rural income inequality in the midwest with relatively low level of budgetary expenditure decentralization.Thirdly,the impact of extra-budgetary decentralization on income inequality is consistent,no matter in the whole country,in eastern or in western regions.This means that the extra-budgetary income decentralization makes the income inequality between urban and rural residents worse while the extra-budgetary expenditure decentralization reduces the income inequality between urban and rural residents with different degrees.Fourthly,the transfer payment,years of schooling and urban unemployment rate are conductive to narrow the income inequality between urban and rural residents while the impacts of economic development,urbanization and opening degree are obviously different in different regions.The above conclusions can not only be used for reference to further perfecting and reshaping the fair efficiency mechanism of Chinese decentralization,but also indicates the direction of the new fiscal and tax system reform.
