The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and mortality.The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 is still disputed.The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on several risk factors as observed in many studies.The severity of the disease depends on many factors including the viral strain,host immunogenetics,environmental factors,host genetics,host nutritional status and presence of comorbidities like hypertension,diabetes,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,cardiovascular disease,renal impairment.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by hyperglycemia.Diabetic individuals are intrinsically prone to infections.SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes result inβ-cell damage and cytokine storm.Damage to the cells impairs the equilibrium of glucose,leading to hyperglycemia.The ensuing cytokine storm causes insulin resistance,especially in the muscles and liver,which also causes a hyperglycemic state.All of these increase the severity of COVID-19.Genetics also play pivotal role in disease pathogenesis.This review article focuses from the probable sources of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 to its impacts on individuals with diabetes and host genetics in pre-and post-pandemic era.展开更多
Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia w...Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination.The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023.The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method.The data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.Results:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination.Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the participants.Age group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and myths.Conclusions:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.展开更多
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by the novel beta coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)crippled the whole world and has resulted in large number of morbidity and mortality.The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 is still disputed.The risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is dependent on several risk factors as observed in many studies.The severity of the disease depends on many factors including the viral strain,host immunogenetics,environmental factors,host genetics,host nutritional status and presence of comorbidities like hypertension,diabetes,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,cardiovascular disease,renal impairment.Diabetes is a metabolic disorder mainly characterized by hyperglycemia.Diabetic individuals are intrinsically prone to infections.SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes result inβ-cell damage and cytokine storm.Damage to the cells impairs the equilibrium of glucose,leading to hyperglycemia.The ensuing cytokine storm causes insulin resistance,especially in the muscles and liver,which also causes a hyperglycemic state.All of these increase the severity of COVID-19.Genetics also play pivotal role in disease pathogenesis.This review article focuses from the probable sources of coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 to its impacts on individuals with diabetes and host genetics in pre-and post-pandemic era.
文摘Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination.The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023.The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method.The data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.Results:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination.Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the participants.Age group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and myths.Conclusions:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.
