In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Studies have shown significant interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to concerns about t...In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Studies have shown significant interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to concerns about the toxicity of lead in lead halide perovskites. CH3NH3SnI3 emerges as a viable alternative to CH3NH3PbX3. In this work, we studied the effect of various parameters on the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells using simulation with the SCAPS 1D software. The cell structure consists of α-Fe2O3/CH3NH3SnI3/PEDOT: PSS. We analyzed parameters such as thickness, doping, and layer concentration. The study revealed that, without considering other optimized parameters, the efficiency of the cell increased from 22% to 35% when the perovskite thickness varied from 100 to 1000 nm. After optimization, solar cell efficiency reaches up to 42%. The optimization parameters are such that, for example, for perovskite: the layer thickness is 700 nm, the doping concentration is 1020 and the defect density is 1013 cm−3, and for hematite: the thickness is 5 nm, the doping concentration is 1022 and the defect concentration is 1011 cm−3. These results are encouraging because they highlight the good agreement between perovskite and hematite when used as the active and electron transport layers, respectively. Now, it is still necessary to produce real, viable photovoltaic solar cells with the proposed material layer parameters.展开更多
In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance si...In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell by varying the thickness of the active layer. PFN-Br interfacial layer entrenched in OPV devices gives overall enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor thus improving device performance. PEDOT: PSS is an electro-conductive polymer solution that has been extensively utilized in solar cell devices as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its strong hole affinity, good thermal and mechanical stability, high work function, and high transparency in the visible range. The structure of the organic solar cell is ITO/PEDOT: PSS/BTP-4F: PBDB-T-2F/PFN-Br/Ag. Firstly, the active layer thickness was optimized to 100 nm;after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 900 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the active layer thickness improves efficiency significantly up to 500 nm, then it decreased with increasing the thickness of the active layer from 600 nm, also notice that the short circuit current and the fill factor decrease with increasing the active layer from 600 nm, while the open voltage circuit increased with increasing the thickness of the active layer. The optimum thickness is 500 nm.展开更多
The photovoltaic performance (efficiency η) of an ITO/CdS/CdTe structure cell is studied in this article according to its electrical properties. The study is carried out by simulation with SCAPS (Solar Cell Capacitan...The photovoltaic performance (efficiency η) of an ITO/CdS/CdTe structure cell is studied in this article according to its electrical properties. The study is carried out by simulation with SCAPS (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) whose mathematical model is based on solving the equations of Poisson and continuity of electrons and holes. An electrical conversion efficiency of 23.58% is obtained by optimizing the mobility of the electrons (100 cm2/Vs), that of the holes (25 cm2/Vs), the density of electrons (1015 cm-3), the density of the effective states in the conduction band (7.9 × 1017 cm-3) and the electronic affinity (3.85 eV) of the CdTe absorbent layer.展开更多
Perovskite materials have drawn a lot of interest recently due to their potential to increase solar cell efficiency. This study uses the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to develop and simulate a perovskite...Perovskite materials have drawn a lot of interest recently due to their potential to increase solar cell efficiency. This study uses the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to develop and simulate a perovskite solar cell made of semiconductor materials. The design that has been suggested is Al:ZnO/ZnO/CdS/CsSnCl<sub>3</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub>. The analysis focuses on how different characteristics of the material affect the device’s performance. The analysis of the data reveals that the architecture had 26.15% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The solar cell creates an interest in developing a non-toxic solar cell with low manufacturing costs, outstanding conversion efficiency, and stability.展开更多
目的比较CURB一65评分和强化CURB评分对老年重症社区获得性肺炎（severe community acquired pneumonia，SCAP）预后的临床预测价值。方法回顾性分析2009—12—2015-07入住我院急诊科、呼吸内科以及老年呼吸内科的87例老年SCAP相关临床...目的比较CURB一65评分和强化CURB评分对老年重症社区获得性肺炎（severe community acquired pneumonia，SCAP）预后的临床预测价值。方法回顾性分析2009—12—2015-07入住我院急诊科、呼吸内科以及老年呼吸内科的87例老年SCAP相关临床资料，分别统计每例患者的CURB-65评分、强化CURB评分，以患者28d预后为临床观察终点，绘制受试者工作特征（receiver operator characteristic，ROC）曲线，通过比较曲线下面积（area under the curve，AUC）分析两种评分工具对老年SCAP预后的预测价值。结果87例患者CURB一65评分为3（2—3）分，强化CURB评分为11（10～12）分。死亡组中CURB-65评分和强化CURB评分均明显高于存活组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。强化CURB评分AUC为0．722，最佳截断值为12，敏感度为58．82％，特异度为69．81％，P=0．0001；CURB-65评分AUC为0．660，最佳截断值为3，敏感度为73．53％，特异度为49．06％，P=0．0091。强化CURB评分AUC大于CURB-65评分，差异有统计学意义（0．722vs．0．660，Z=2．176，P=0．029）。结论CURB-65评分和强化CURB评分均可预测老年SCAP预后，强化CURB评分预测价值高于CURB-65评分，且其特异度高于CURB-65评分。展开更多
文摘In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells. Studies have shown significant interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to concerns about the toxicity of lead in lead halide perovskites. CH3NH3SnI3 emerges as a viable alternative to CH3NH3PbX3. In this work, we studied the effect of various parameters on the performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells using simulation with the SCAPS 1D software. The cell structure consists of α-Fe2O3/CH3NH3SnI3/PEDOT: PSS. We analyzed parameters such as thickness, doping, and layer concentration. The study revealed that, without considering other optimized parameters, the efficiency of the cell increased from 22% to 35% when the perovskite thickness varied from 100 to 1000 nm. After optimization, solar cell efficiency reaches up to 42%. The optimization parameters are such that, for example, for perovskite: the layer thickness is 700 nm, the doping concentration is 1020 and the defect density is 1013 cm−3, and for hematite: the thickness is 5 nm, the doping concentration is 1022 and the defect concentration is 1011 cm−3. These results are encouraging because they highlight the good agreement between perovskite and hematite when used as the active and electron transport layers, respectively. Now, it is still necessary to produce real, viable photovoltaic solar cells with the proposed material layer parameters.
文摘In this study, organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer, a blend of polymer of non-fullerene (NFA) Y6 as an acceptor, and donor PBDB-T-2F as donor were simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell by varying the thickness of the active layer. PFN-Br interfacial layer entrenched in OPV devices gives overall enhanced open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor thus improving device performance. PEDOT: PSS is an electro-conductive polymer solution that has been extensively utilized in solar cell devices as a hole transport layer (HTL) due to its strong hole affinity, good thermal and mechanical stability, high work function, and high transparency in the visible range. The structure of the organic solar cell is ITO/PEDOT: PSS/BTP-4F: PBDB-T-2F/PFN-Br/Ag. Firstly, the active layer thickness was optimized to 100 nm;after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 900 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the active layer thickness improves efficiency significantly up to 500 nm, then it decreased with increasing the thickness of the active layer from 600 nm, also notice that the short circuit current and the fill factor decrease with increasing the active layer from 600 nm, while the open voltage circuit increased with increasing the thickness of the active layer. The optimum thickness is 500 nm.
文摘The photovoltaic performance (efficiency η) of an ITO/CdS/CdTe structure cell is studied in this article according to its electrical properties. The study is carried out by simulation with SCAPS (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) whose mathematical model is based on solving the equations of Poisson and continuity of electrons and holes. An electrical conversion efficiency of 23.58% is obtained by optimizing the mobility of the electrons (100 cm2/Vs), that of the holes (25 cm2/Vs), the density of electrons (1015 cm-3), the density of the effective states in the conduction band (7.9 × 1017 cm-3) and the electronic affinity (3.85 eV) of the CdTe absorbent layer.
文摘Perovskite materials have drawn a lot of interest recently due to their potential to increase solar cell efficiency. This study uses the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to develop and simulate a perovskite solar cell made of semiconductor materials. The design that has been suggested is Al:ZnO/ZnO/CdS/CsSnCl<sub>3</sub> and MoS<sub>2</sub>. The analysis focuses on how different characteristics of the material affect the device’s performance. The analysis of the data reveals that the architecture had 26.15% power conversion efficiency (PCE). The solar cell creates an interest in developing a non-toxic solar cell with low manufacturing costs, outstanding conversion efficiency, and stability.
文摘目的比较CURB一65评分和强化CURB评分对老年重症社区获得性肺炎（severe community acquired pneumonia，SCAP）预后的临床预测价值。方法回顾性分析2009—12—2015-07入住我院急诊科、呼吸内科以及老年呼吸内科的87例老年SCAP相关临床资料，分别统计每例患者的CURB-65评分、强化CURB评分，以患者28d预后为临床观察终点，绘制受试者工作特征（receiver operator characteristic，ROC）曲线，通过比较曲线下面积（area under the curve，AUC）分析两种评分工具对老年SCAP预后的预测价值。结果87例患者CURB一65评分为3（2—3）分，强化CURB评分为11（10～12）分。死亡组中CURB-65评分和强化CURB评分均明显高于存活组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。强化CURB评分AUC为0．722，最佳截断值为12，敏感度为58．82％，特异度为69．81％，P=0．0001；CURB-65评分AUC为0．660，最佳截断值为3，敏感度为73．53％，特异度为49．06％，P=0．0091。强化CURB评分AUC大于CURB-65评分，差异有统计学意义（0．722vs．0．660，Z=2．176，P=0．029）。结论CURB-65评分和强化CURB评分均可预测老年SCAP预后，强化CURB评分预测价值高于CURB-65评分，且其特异度高于CURB-65评分。
