Two beamlines and stations for soft X-ray lithography and hard X-ray lithography at NSRL are presented. Synchrotron radiation lithography (SRL) and mask techniques are developed, and the micro-electro-mechanical syste...Two beamlines and stations for soft X-ray lithography and hard X-ray lithography at NSRL are presented. Synchrotron radiation lithography (SRL) and mask techniques are developed, and the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) techniques are also investigated at NSRL. In this paper, some results based on SRL and MEMS techniques are reported, and sub-micron and high aspect ratio microstructures are given. Some micro-devices, such as microreactors are fabricated at NSRL.展开更多
Moderate leaf rolling can maintain leaf erectness,improve light transmittance in the population,and improve light energy utilization,thereby increasing rice yield.This study used ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)to treat Yu...Moderate leaf rolling can maintain leaf erectness,improve light transmittance in the population,and improve light energy utilization,thereby increasing rice yield.This study used ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)to treat Yunjing 17(YJ17)and obtained a semi-rolled leaf mutant that was named semi-rolled leaf 3(srl3).We found that the rolled-leaf phenotype was due to the aberrant development of bulliform cells and the loss of sclerenchymatous cells.In addition,the shoot and root length of srl3 seedlings differed from the wild type.The srl3 mutant had significantly lower plant height and seed-setting rate but notably greater tiller number,panicle length,and primary branch number per panicle than the wild type.Genetic analysis showed that a single recessive nuclear gene defined the srl3 mutant,and it was precisely located in a 144-kb region between two insertion-deletion(InDel)markers,M8 and M19,on chromosome 2.In this region,no leaf-rollingrelated genes have been reported previously.Thus,the study indicated that SRL3 is a novel leaf-rolling-related gene,and the results laid the foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of the SRL3 gene.展开更多
Farmer Field School (FFS) is a capacity building approach in the Agricultural Extension Approaches (AEA), which provides opportunities to farmers of improving various skills through practicing various techniques by th...Farmer Field School (FFS) is a capacity building approach in the Agricultural Extension Approaches (AEA), which provides opportunities to farmers of improving various skills through practicing various techniques by themselves. The review paper is in 2015 to analyze FFS as a strategy for benefiting resource poor farmers from agricultural technologies in Pakistan. Keeping in view the importance of exchange of information, FFS approach is the only approach to agriculture extension in which communication is an integral component because after trained by FFS program and to be expected to become a local agent to deliver the information and techniques of agriculture to other farmers for enhancing the agricultural production, income and improved livelihood. It can be concluded from the study that FFS proves highly beneficial to the farming community due to its capacity building functions.展开更多
目的分析中国福氏志贺菌优势序列型ST91(sequence type 91)中志贺菌耐药岛(Shigella resistance locus,SRL)和Tn7耐药岛的分布及变化情况。方法对包括14种血清型(1a[7株],1b[1株],1d[1株],2a[5株],2b[1株],3a[3株],3b[1株],4a[1株],4av[...目的分析中国福氏志贺菌优势序列型ST91(sequence type 91)中志贺菌耐药岛(Shigella resistance locus,SRL)和Tn7耐药岛的分布及变化情况。方法对包括14种血清型(1a[7株],1b[1株],1d[1株],2a[5株],2b[1株],3a[3株],3b[1株],4a[1株],4av[1株],4b[1株],X[9株],Xv[25株],Y[2株]和Yv[1株])和7种ST型(ST91[50株],ST109[1株],ST18[3株],ST142[1株],ST143[1株],ST103[2株],ST16[1株])的59株中国福氏志贺菌基因组中SRL、Tn7耐药岛的编码基因及核酸序列进行分析,并与参考菌株2002017和YSH600的SRL和Tn7岛进行比较。结果所有50株中国分离的福氏志贺菌ST91菌株,1株ST109和1株ST142菌株均携带SRL和Tn7岛。1株ST18菌株仅携带2个耐药岛的3个耐药基因。其他ST型菌株均未发现耐药岛。与参考菌株2002017相比,9株ST91菌株的SRL耐药岛发生了插入或缺失。其中,7株ST91菌株缺失了编码四环素耐药性的tet基因;1株ST91菌株缺失了编码β-内酰胺酶的oxa-1和编码氯霉素乙酰转移酶的cat基因;1株ST91的SRL岛上插入了1个编码广谱β-内酰胺酶的blaTEM-1基因。所有50株ST91、1株ST109和1株ST142菌株携带的Tn7岛的核酸序列和编码基因与参考菌株相比未发现差异。结论福氏志贺菌ST91型中国分离菌株均携带SRL和Tn7耐药岛。在SRL岛上发生了基因的插入和缺失。处于进化早期的ST18菌株,在获得耐药岛的过程中可能发挥了重要作用。展开更多
文摘Two beamlines and stations for soft X-ray lithography and hard X-ray lithography at NSRL are presented. Synchrotron radiation lithography (SRL) and mask techniques are developed, and the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) techniques are also investigated at NSRL. In this paper, some results based on SRL and MEMS techniques are reported, and sub-micron and high aspect ratio microstructures are given. Some micro-devices, such as microreactors are fabricated at NSRL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071993 and 91735304)。
文摘Moderate leaf rolling can maintain leaf erectness,improve light transmittance in the population,and improve light energy utilization,thereby increasing rice yield.This study used ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)to treat Yunjing 17(YJ17)and obtained a semi-rolled leaf mutant that was named semi-rolled leaf 3(srl3).We found that the rolled-leaf phenotype was due to the aberrant development of bulliform cells and the loss of sclerenchymatous cells.In addition,the shoot and root length of srl3 seedlings differed from the wild type.The srl3 mutant had significantly lower plant height and seed-setting rate but notably greater tiller number,panicle length,and primary branch number per panicle than the wild type.Genetic analysis showed that a single recessive nuclear gene defined the srl3 mutant,and it was precisely located in a 144-kb region between two insertion-deletion(InDel)markers,M8 and M19,on chromosome 2.In this region,no leaf-rollingrelated genes have been reported previously.Thus,the study indicated that SRL3 is a novel leaf-rolling-related gene,and the results laid the foundation for the cloning and functional analysis of the SRL3 gene.
文摘Farmer Field School (FFS) is a capacity building approach in the Agricultural Extension Approaches (AEA), which provides opportunities to farmers of improving various skills through practicing various techniques by themselves. The review paper is in 2015 to analyze FFS as a strategy for benefiting resource poor farmers from agricultural technologies in Pakistan. Keeping in view the importance of exchange of information, FFS approach is the only approach to agriculture extension in which communication is an integral component because after trained by FFS program and to be expected to become a local agent to deliver the information and techniques of agriculture to other farmers for enhancing the agricultural production, income and improved livelihood. It can be concluded from the study that FFS proves highly beneficial to the farming community due to its capacity building functions.
文摘目的分析中国福氏志贺菌优势序列型ST91(sequence type 91)中志贺菌耐药岛(Shigella resistance locus,SRL)和Tn7耐药岛的分布及变化情况。方法对包括14种血清型(1a[7株],1b[1株],1d[1株],2a[5株],2b[1株],3a[3株],3b[1株],4a[1株],4av[1株],4b[1株],X[9株],Xv[25株],Y[2株]和Yv[1株])和7种ST型(ST91[50株],ST109[1株],ST18[3株],ST142[1株],ST143[1株],ST103[2株],ST16[1株])的59株中国福氏志贺菌基因组中SRL、Tn7耐药岛的编码基因及核酸序列进行分析,并与参考菌株2002017和YSH600的SRL和Tn7岛进行比较。结果所有50株中国分离的福氏志贺菌ST91菌株,1株ST109和1株ST142菌株均携带SRL和Tn7岛。1株ST18菌株仅携带2个耐药岛的3个耐药基因。其他ST型菌株均未发现耐药岛。与参考菌株2002017相比,9株ST91菌株的SRL耐药岛发生了插入或缺失。其中,7株ST91菌株缺失了编码四环素耐药性的tet基因;1株ST91菌株缺失了编码β-内酰胺酶的oxa-1和编码氯霉素乙酰转移酶的cat基因;1株ST91的SRL岛上插入了1个编码广谱β-内酰胺酶的blaTEM-1基因。所有50株ST91、1株ST109和1株ST142菌株携带的Tn7岛的核酸序列和编码基因与参考菌株相比未发现差异。结论福氏志贺菌ST91型中国分离菌株均携带SRL和Tn7耐药岛。在SRL岛上发生了基因的插入和缺失。处于进化早期的ST18菌株,在获得耐药岛的过程中可能发挥了重要作用。
