Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） contributing to salt tolerance during the vegetative stage in tomato were investigated. A moderately salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.‘XF 98-7’ was hybridized with a salt-...Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） contributing to salt tolerance during the vegetative stage in tomato were investigated. A moderately salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.‘XF 98-7’ was hybridized with a salt-tolerant Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium accession LA2184, and F2 and F3 populations were developed. The F2 population was used for SSR mapping and the F3 families were evaluated for salt tolerance in solution cultures containing 1% NaCl. A LOD score threshold of 2.0 was chosen to identify putative QTLs and to estimate their additive effect and phenotypic variation. Two genomic regions （LEtat003-SSR139, SSR119-SSR17） were detected on chromosome 4 beating significant QTLs for salt tolerance, respectively accounted for 6.03% and 8.01% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL in the marker interval of LEtat003-SSR139 showed significant negative effects, while the other QTL in the marker interval of SSR119-SSR17 showed significant positive effects. The identification of genomic locations with both positive and negative effects on this trait suggests the likelihood of recovering transgressive segregants in progeny derived from these parental lines. Results and its application in developing salt-tolerant tomatoes as molecular markers are discussed in this paper.展开更多
Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7%of the total area worldwide is affected by salinity.Salinity-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germi...Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7%of the total area worldwide is affected by salinity.Salinity-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germination and seedling growth.Indian mustard is a major oilseed crop in India and its production and productivity are severely affected by salt stress.Breeding Brassica cultivars for salinity tolerance by conventional means is very difficult and time-consuming.Therefore,understanding the molecular components associated with salt tolerance is needed to facilitate breeding for salt tolerance in Brassica.In this investigation,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with salt tolerance were identified using F_(2:3)mapping population developed from a cross between CS52(salinity tolerant)and RH30(salinity sensitive).Parents and F_(2:3)were evaluated under controlled and salinity stress conditions for 14 morpho-physiological traits for two consecutive generations(F2 and F_(2:3)),explaining proportion of the phenotypic variance under control condition.Simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers were used for mapping studies.A genetic linkage map based on 42 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers was constructed covering 2298.5 cM(Haldane)to identify the loci associated with salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.Forty-one SSRs showing polymorphism in the parents(CS52 and RH30)were mapped on 8 linkage groups(C1–C8).One marker(nga 129)did not map to any of the linkage group and was excluded from mapping.Linkage group 5(C5;317.9 cM)was longest and linkage group 1(C1,255.0 cM)was shortest.Further,we identified 15 QTLs controlling 8 traits using F_(2:3)population.These QTLs explained 12.44–60.63%of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 3.62–5.97.Out of these QTLs,QMI4.1 related to membrane injury showed 51.28%phenotypic variance with a LOD score of 3.34.QTL QBYP8.1 related to biological yield per plant showed 60.63%phenotypic variance at a LOD score of 3.62.The highest LOD score of 5.97 was recorded for QTL related to seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1).Major QTLs were QTL for biological yield per plant(QBYP8.1),QTL for siliquae per plant(QSP4.1),QTL for primary branches(QPB4.1),QTLs for seed per siliqua(QSS4.1,QSS4.2),QTL for seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1),and QTL for membrane injury(QMI8.1)which showed more than 50%phenotypic variance.These QTLs identified in our study need to be confirmed in other populations as well so that these can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to enhance salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.展开更多
A total of 206 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 52 accessions of three unique wheat varieties of western China. A total of 488, 472, and 308 allelic variants were d...A total of 206 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 52 accessions of three unique wheat varieties of western China. A total of 488, 472, and 308 allelic variants were detected in 31 Yunnan, 15 Tibetan and 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions with an average of PIC values 0.2764, 0.3082, and 0.1944, respectively. Substantial differences in allelic polymorphisms were detected by SSR markers in all the 21 chromosomes, the 7 homoeologous groups, and the three genomes （A, B, and D） in Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat. The highest and lowest allelic polymorphisms in all the 21 chromosomes were observed in 3B and 1D chromosomes, respectively. The lowest and highest allelic polymorphisms among the seven homoeologous groups was observed in 6 and 3 homoeologous groups, respectively. Among the three genomes, B genome showed the highest, A the intermediate, and D the lowest allelic polymorphism. The genetic distance （GD） indexes within Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat, and between different wheat types were calculated. The GD value was found to be much higher within Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than within Xinjiang wheat, but the GD value between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat was lower than those between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat, and between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat. The cluster analysis indicated a closer relationship between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than that between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat or between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to analyze genetic diversity of SSR markers in Hordeum vulgare L.in Qinghai Province and lay a foundation for screening and protecting some excellent H.vulgare cultivars.[Method]SSR markers were...[Objective]The aim was to analyze genetic diversity of SSR markers in Hordeum vulgare L.in Qinghai Province and lay a foundation for screening and protecting some excellent H.vulgare cultivars.[Method]SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 42 cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province.[Result]42 H.vulgare showed polymorphism in 7 SSR markers locus.A total of 24 alleles were identified,and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6,with an average of 3.0.According to SSR markers polymorphism,42 H.vulgare could be divided into 4 groups,namely I,II,III and IV.[Result]The study indicated that cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province is rich in genetic diversity,which will provide reference for selecting parent of H.vulgare breeding.展开更多
Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiologica...Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.展开更多
Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet,but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated.In this s...Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet,but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated.In this study,a highly male-sterile line Gao146A was investigated.Genetic analysis indicated that the highly male-sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene a single recessive gene.Using F 2 population derived from cross Gao146A/K103,one gene controlling the highly male- sterility,tentatively named as ms1,which linked to SSR marker b234 with genetic distance of 16.7 cM,was mapped on the chromosome VI.These results not only laid the foundation for fine mapping of this highly male-sterile gene,but also helped to accelerate the improvement of highly male-sterile lines by using molecular marker assisted breeding method.展开更多
Genetic linkage maps are important for quantitative trait locus(QTL) and marker-assisted selection breeding. The wolfberry(Lycium spp.) is an important food and traditional medicine in China. However, few construction...Genetic linkage maps are important for quantitative trait locus(QTL) and marker-assisted selection breeding. The wolfberry(Lycium spp.) is an important food and traditional medicine in China. However, few construction genetic linkage maps have been reported because of the lack of genomic and genetic resources. In this study, a population of 89 F1 seedings was derived from a cross between two heterozygous parents, L. chinense var. potaninii ‘BF-01’(female)and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum ‘NH-01’(male), in order to construct a genetic linkage map using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) markers based on the double pseudo-test cross mapping strategy. The resulting genetic map consisted of 165 markers(74 AFLPs and 91 SSRs) distributed across 12 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 557.6 cM with an average distance of 3.38 cM between adjacent markers.The 12 linkage groups contained 3 to 21 markers and ranged in length from 8.6 to 58.3 cM. Twenty-nine segregated markers distributed in the map were mainly located on LG4 and LG9 linkage groups at P<0.05. This is the first linkage map of Lycium species using SSR and AFLP markers, which can serve as basis for improving genes and selective breeding of the genome assembly.展开更多
One hundred and nine Malus sieversii accessions from four geographical populations located at Kuerdening in Mohe town, Gongliu County, Jiaowutuohai, in Xinyuan County, Daxigou in Houcheng County of Ily State, and Baer...One hundred and nine Malus sieversii accessions from four geographical populations located at Kuerdening in Mohe town, Gongliu County, Jiaowutuohai, in Xinyuan County, Daxigou in Houcheng County of Ily State, and Baerluke Mountain in Yumin County of Tacheng State, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China were studied by SSR markers. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic structure and diversity in these eco-geographical populations with eight pair SSR primers of apple. The results indicated that： an average of 16 bands was detected in the four populations. The percentage of polymorphic bands in Gongliu population （89.06%） was the highest in the four populations. The average Nei＇s gene diversity index was 0.257 for all the loci. Totally, 128 polymorphic loci were detected and the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） was 100%, 88.28%, 84.83%, 87.50%, and 87.12%, respectively, at the species level and Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin population levels. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H = 0.2619） and Shannon＇s information index （1 = 0.4082） in the species level were higher than in the population level. The Nei＇s gene diversity index and Shannon＇s information index in the four populations were Gongliu 〉 Huocheng 〉 Xinyuan 〉 Yumin. Gongliu population and Xinyuan population were the highest in genetic identity and the closest in genetic distance. Gene flow between the populations was 7.265 based on genetic differentiation coefficient （GST = 0.064）. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the genetic relationships between the Gongliu and Xinyuan population were the closest, and the Yumin population were the farthest with the other three populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the four geographical populations located in Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin were relatively independent populations. Concurrently, there was also mild gene exchange between the populations. On the basis of the study of population genetic structure and the highest genetic diversity, Gongliu population should be given a high priority consideration in Malus sieversii population＇s in situ germplasm conservation.展开更多
Two cycles of biparental mass selection （MS） and one cycle of half-sib-S3 family combining selection （HS-S3） for yield were carried out in 2 synthetic maize populations P4C0 and P5C0 synchronously. The genetic div...Two cycles of biparental mass selection （MS） and one cycle of half-sib-S3 family combining selection （HS-S3） for yield were carried out in 2 synthetic maize populations P4C0 and P5C0 synchronously. The genetic diversity of 8 maize populations, including both the basic populations and their developed populations, were evaluated by 30 SSR primers. On the 30 SSR loci, a total of 184 alleles had been detected in these populations. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from 2 to 14, with an average of 6.13. The number and ratio of polymorphic loci in both the basic populations were higher than those of their developed populations, respectively. There was nearly no difference after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations in the mean gene heterozygosity. The mean genetic distance changed slightly after MS but decreased in a bigger degree after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. Analyses on the distribution of genetic distances showed that the ranges of the genetic distance were wider after MS and most of the genetic distances in populations developed by HS-S3 were smaller than those in both the basic populations. The number of genotypes increased after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. The genetic diversity of intra-population was much more than genetic diversity of inter-population in both the basic populations. All these indexes demonstrated that the genetic diversity of populations after MS was similar to their basic populations, and the genetic diversity was maintained during MS, whereas the genetic diversity of populations decreased after HS-S3. This result indicated that heterogeneity between some of the individuals in the developed populations increased after MS, whereas the populations become more homozygotic after HS-S3.展开更多
Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,...Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,environment insensitivity,and non-tissue specific features.However,the limited number of available DNA markers,especially SSR markers,are insufficient to conduct related genetic diversity assessment studies in garlic.In this study,4372 EST-SSR markers were newly developed,and 12 polymorphic markers together with other 17 garlic SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 127 garlic accessions.The averaged polymorphism information content(PIC)of these 29 SSR markers was 0.36,ranging from 0.22 to 0.49.Seventy-nine polymorphic loci were detected among these accessions,with an average of 3.48 polymorphic loci per SSR.Both the clustering analyses based on either the genotype data of SSR markers or the phenotypic data of morphological traits obtained genetic distance divided the 127 garlic accessions into three clusters.Moreover,the Mantel test showed that genetic distance had no significant correlations with geographic distance,and weak correlations were found between genetic distance and the phenotypic traits.AMOVA analysis showed that the main genetic variation of this garlic germplasm collection existed in the within-population or cluster.Results of this study will be of great value for the genetic/breeding studies in garlic and enhance the utilization of these garlic germplasms.展开更多
It was helpful for the wheat improvement to evaluate the genetic resources of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum landraces. In this study, 68 turgidum landraces accessions, belonging to four geographic populations in ...It was helpful for the wheat improvement to evaluate the genetic resources of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum landraces. In this study, 68 turgidum landraces accessions, belonging to four geographic populations in China, were investigated by using EST-SSR markers. A total of 63 alleles were detected on 22 EST-SSR loci, and the number of alleles on each locus ranged from 1 to 5, with an average of 2.9. The results of the analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 92.5% of the total variations was attributed to the genetic variations within population, whereas only 7.5% variations among populations. Although the four populations had similar genetic diversity parameters, Sichuan population was yet distinguished from other populations when comparing the population samples in pairs. Significant correlations were detected by the statistic analysis among six genetic diversity parameters among each other. The selection difference between heterozygosty and homozygosty was also observed among different EST-SSR locus. The genetic similarity （GS） ranged from 0.18 to 0.98, with the mean of 0.72, and all accessions could be clustered into 7 groups. The dendrogram suggested that the genetic relationships among turgidum accessions evaluated by EST-SSR markers were unrelated to their geographic distributions. These results implied that turgidum landraces from China had the unique characters of genetic diversity.展开更多
Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance pr...Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus（QTL） mapping, and marker-assisted selection（MAS） are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium（LD） also called association mapping and genomic selection（GS）, respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice.展开更多
Osmanthus fragrans is well-known as an ornamental and agricultural plant noted for its unique fragrance.We investigated the genetic relationships between two new colorful O.fragrans cultivars,Ziyan Gongzhu and Qiannan...Osmanthus fragrans is well-known as an ornamental and agricultural plant noted for its unique fragrance.We investigated the genetic relationships between two new colorful O.fragrans cultivars,Ziyan Gongzhu and Qiannan Guifei,and their relationships with other O.fragrans using amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and simple sequence repeat(SSR),compared to the Changye Muxi species.55 AFLP primer pairs and 17 SSRs were screened;1103 and 45 amplification products were produced,of which 92.29%of the AFLP and 62.20%of the SSRs were polymorphic.At the population level,the number of effective alleles varied from 0.76 to 1.11,and the Shannon index(I)ranged from 0 to 0.11,indicating a narrow genetic base of O.fragrans cultivars.The genetic similarity varied from 0.61 to 0.80 between Ziyan Gongzhu and other O.fragrans cultivars,and 0.57 to 0.67 in the Qiannan Guifei and other cultivars.The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)clustering revealed that Ziyan Gongzhu may belong to the O.fragrans Albus group.However,the Qiannan Guifei cultivar was clustered into a group,showing that it has great genetic variation.These results provide new molecular evidence for germplasm resources protection,and new cultivars for breeding.展开更多
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber in the world, and its seeds are also used as a food source. Breeding cotton for traits of interest, such as production and processing of fibers, will ensure ...Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber in the world, and its seeds are also used as a food source. Breeding cotton for traits of interest, such as production and processing of fibers, will ensure that this natural product is as competitive as renewable synthetic fibers derived from petroleum. Thus, the mapping of the cotton genome for traits of interest may be the basis for its subsequent use in breeding programs. This work consists of a literature review, with the aim of bringing together works from different research groups working with the mapping of the cotton genome with molecular markers.展开更多
Genetic diversity of 62 Sichuan wheat landraces accessions of China was investigated by agronomic traits and SSR markers. The landrace population showed the characters of higher tiller capability and more kernels/spik...Genetic diversity of 62 Sichuan wheat landraces accessions of China was investigated by agronomic traits and SSR markers. The landrace population showed the characters of higher tiller capability and more kernels/spike, especially tiller no./plant of six accessions was over 40 and kernels/spike of three accessions was more than 70. A total of 547 alleles in 124 polymorphic loci were detected with an average of 4.76 alleles per locus by 114 SSR markers. Parameters analysis indicated that the genetic diversity ranked as genome A 〉 genome B 〉 genome D, and the homoeologous groups ranked as 5〉4〉3〉1〉2〉7〉6 based on genetic richness （Ri）. Furthermore, chromosomes 2A, 1B and 3D had more diversity than that of chromosomes 4A, 7A and 6B. The variation of SSR loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, 3B, and 4B implied that, in the past, different selective pressures might have acted on different chromosome regions of these landraces. Our results suggested that Sichuan common wheat landraces is a useful genetic resource for genetic research and wheat improvement.展开更多
Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is an important commercial fruits crop, cultivated in terai to high hills of Nepal. High variation of acid lime fruits are observed in existing landraces due to crossing within the othe...Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is an important commercial fruits crop, cultivated in terai to high hills of Nepal. High variation of acid lime fruits are observed in existing landraces due to crossing within the other citrus species. Determination of genetic variation is important to the plant breeders for development of high yielding variety and hybrids. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the genetic diversity of 62 acid lime landraces, collected from different altitudinal range in the eastern part of Nepal, using SSR markers. Twelve Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of acid lime. The average genetic similarity level among the 62 accessions was 0.77, ranging from 0.54 to 1.0 and separated five major cluster groups. Total of 33 alleles were detected by eleven primer pairs and size of alleles ranged from 50 to 225. Average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.50, whereas highest 0.75 and lowest 0.18 was observed in CAT01 and GT03 loci respectively. The results of the study clearly indicated that, SSR markers are highly polymorphic and more informative for the assessment of genetic diversity of acid lime landraces.展开更多
The olive is widely cropped in Tunisia where also oleaster trees thrive all around orchards and in natural sites. Little is known on the genetic relationships between the olive crop and oleaster trees in Tunisia. Fift...The olive is widely cropped in Tunisia where also oleaster trees thrive all around orchards and in natural sites. Little is known on the genetic relationships between the olive crop and oleaster trees in Tunisia. Fifty-two oleaster trees and fifteen cultivars were sampled from Tunisia. SSR genotyping was performed in polyacrylamide gels after fluorescent labeling. We used seven nuclear and two chloroplast SSR markers. AFC analyses showed close genetic relationships between cultivated and oleaster trees. Genetic relationships were also displayed in a dendrogram based on Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA). Five clusters were defined mixing cultivar and oleaster trees suggesting close relationship between some cultivar and some oleaster trees. One oleaster is single in a cluster. The chlorotype SSR markers show probably three olive origins. Some cultivars have the CE chlorotype originates from the East of the Mediterranean basin, the CCK haplotype originates from Maghreb and the COM chlorotype originates from West Mediterranean. The cultivars were 1) introduced from the East;2) selected in the West;3) or selected in the North Africa region. The Tunisian oleaster trees carry eastern and western Mediterranean chlorotype CCK, COM and CE.展开更多
F2：10 RIL population with 154 lines, crossed by Charleston as female parent and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used. 164 SSR primers were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. A new soybean ...F2：10 RIL population with 154 lines, crossed by Charleston as female parent and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used. 164 SSR primers were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. A new soybean molecular genetics map, named NEAUSRI-GMS, was constructed by Mapmaker. The total length of the soybean genetic map is 1 913.5 cM, and the average distance among markers is 11.89 cM. The length of linkage group varied from 0.4 to 309.5 cM, and the markers on the linkage group varied from 2 to 28. The distribution of SSR markers on every linkage group is not even. High density region of markers existed on linkage group A1, C2, and Dla. Compared with 5 soybean genetic maps constructed at home and abroad, NEAUSRI-GMS has high homologous with the public genetic map abroad.展开更多
Adzuki bean(Vigna angularis(Willd.)Ohwi&Ohashi)is an annual cultivated leguminous crop commonly grown in Asia and consumed worldwide.However,there has been limited research regarding adzuki bean genetics,which has...Adzuki bean(Vigna angularis(Willd.)Ohwi&Ohashi)is an annual cultivated leguminous crop commonly grown in Asia and consumed worldwide.However,there has been limited research regarding adzuki bean genetics,which has prevented the efficient application of genes during breeding.In the present study,we constructed a high-density genetic map based on whole genome re-sequencing technology and validated its utility by mining QTLs related to seed size.Moreover,we analyzed the sequences flanking insertions/deletions(In Dels)to develop a set of PCR-based markers useful for characterizing adzuki bean genetics.A total of 2904 markers were mapped to 11 linkage groups(LGs).The total length of the map was 1365.0 cM,with an average distance between markers of 0.47 cM.Among the LGs,the number of markers ranged from 208(LG7)to 397(LG1)and the total distance ranged from 97.4 cM(LG9)to 155.6 cM(LG1).Twelve QTLs related to seed size were identified using the constructed map.The two major QTLs in LG2 and LG9 explained 22.1 and 18.8%of the total phenotypic variation,respectively.Ten minor QTLs in LG4,LG5 and LG6 explained 3.0–10.4%of the total phenotypic variation.A total of 9718 primer pairs were designed based on the sequences flanking In Dels.Among the 200 selected primer pairs,75 revealed polymorphisms in 24 adzuki bean germplasms.The genetic map constructed in this study will be useful for screening genes related to other traits.Furthermore,the QTL analysis of seed size and the novel markers described herein may be relevant for future molecular investigations of adzuki bean and will be useful for exploiting the mechanisms underlying legume seed development.展开更多
Genetic diversity of 158 accessions of an applied core collection of adzuki bean （Vigna angularis） and 18 wild genotypes were assessed by using 85 microsatellite markers. With an average of 5.81 alleles per locus, 4...Genetic diversity of 158 accessions of an applied core collection of adzuki bean （Vigna angularis） and 18 wild genotypes were assessed by using 85 microsatellite markers. With an average of 5.81 alleles per locus, 493 alleles were detected, and their distribution frequencies lower than 5% accounted for 73.02% of the total number. The distributions of alleles between the cultivated and the wild adzuki bean germplasm are different, with a higher allelic diversity in the wild germplasm than that of the cultivated ones. An obvious genetic differentiation was also observed between the wild and the cultivated adzuki beans, and SSR markers may be useful in study identification and classification of them. Among cultivated adzuki bean, the genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.366 to 0.939. Genetic structure analysis can clearly separate the wild genotypes from the cultivated adzuki bean, and also can divide the cultivated ones into different populations, as these populations are closely agreeable with the ecological regions where they originally grow. The results of this study will be useful in arranging local breeding programs, especially in the aspect of parental combinations or identification of progenies. These SSR markers can also provide important information to explain the genetic relationship between the cultivated and wild adzuki beans, and to accelerate the wild gene resources in broadening the gene pool in breeding program.展开更多
基金Item supported by national 863 high-techproject(grand No.2001AA67010)
文摘Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） contributing to salt tolerance during the vegetative stage in tomato were investigated. A moderately salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.‘XF 98-7’ was hybridized with a salt-tolerant Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium accession LA2184, and F2 and F3 populations were developed. The F2 population was used for SSR mapping and the F3 families were evaluated for salt tolerance in solution cultures containing 1% NaCl. A LOD score threshold of 2.0 was chosen to identify putative QTLs and to estimate their additive effect and phenotypic variation. Two genomic regions （LEtat003-SSR139, SSR119-SSR17） were detected on chromosome 4 beating significant QTLs for salt tolerance, respectively accounted for 6.03% and 8.01% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL in the marker interval of LEtat003-SSR139 showed significant negative effects, while the other QTL in the marker interval of SSR119-SSR17 showed significant positive effects. The identification of genomic locations with both positive and negative effects on this trait suggests the likelihood of recovering transgressive segregants in progeny derived from these parental lines. Results and its application in developing salt-tolerant tomatoes as molecular markers are discussed in this paper.
文摘Soil salinity is one of the major environmental constraints that limits crop yield and nearly 7%of the total area worldwide is affected by salinity.Salinity-induced oxidative stress causes membrane damage during germination and seedling growth.Indian mustard is a major oilseed crop in India and its production and productivity are severely affected by salt stress.Breeding Brassica cultivars for salinity tolerance by conventional means is very difficult and time-consuming.Therefore,understanding the molecular components associated with salt tolerance is needed to facilitate breeding for salt tolerance in Brassica.In this investigation,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)associated with salt tolerance were identified using F_(2:3)mapping population developed from a cross between CS52(salinity tolerant)and RH30(salinity sensitive).Parents and F_(2:3)were evaluated under controlled and salinity stress conditions for 14 morpho-physiological traits for two consecutive generations(F2 and F_(2:3)),explaining proportion of the phenotypic variance under control condition.Simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers were used for mapping studies.A genetic linkage map based on 42 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)markers was constructed covering 2298.5 cM(Haldane)to identify the loci associated with salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.Forty-one SSRs showing polymorphism in the parents(CS52 and RH30)were mapped on 8 linkage groups(C1–C8).One marker(nga 129)did not map to any of the linkage group and was excluded from mapping.Linkage group 5(C5;317.9 cM)was longest and linkage group 1(C1,255.0 cM)was shortest.Further,we identified 15 QTLs controlling 8 traits using F_(2:3)population.These QTLs explained 12.44–60.63%of the phenotypic variation with a LOD score range of 3.62–5.97.Out of these QTLs,QMI4.1 related to membrane injury showed 51.28%phenotypic variance with a LOD score of 3.34.QTL QBYP8.1 related to biological yield per plant showed 60.63%phenotypic variance at a LOD score of 3.62.The highest LOD score of 5.97 was recorded for QTL related to seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1).Major QTLs were QTL for biological yield per plant(QBYP8.1),QTL for siliquae per plant(QSP4.1),QTL for primary branches(QPB4.1),QTLs for seed per siliqua(QSS4.1,QSS4.2),QTL for seed yield per plant(QSYP4.1),and QTL for membrane injury(QMI8.1)which showed more than 50%phenotypic variance.These QTLs identified in our study need to be confirmed in other populations as well so that these can be used in marker-assisted selection and breeding to enhance salt tolerance in Brassica juncea.
基金Hi-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2006AA10Z1F6)Hi-Tech Re-search of Jiangsu Province (No.BG2005310)+2 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.10418) (PCSIRT)Innovation Foundation of Young Science and Technology of Nanjing Agriculture UniversityIntroduction of Talents Foundation of Nanjing Agriculture University.
文摘A total of 206 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeats） primer pairs were used to detect genetic diversity in 52 accessions of three unique wheat varieties of western China. A total of 488, 472, and 308 allelic variants were detected in 31 Yunnan, 15 Tibetan and 6 Xinjiang wheat accessions with an average of PIC values 0.2764, 0.3082, and 0.1944, respectively. Substantial differences in allelic polymorphisms were detected by SSR markers in all the 21 chromosomes, the 7 homoeologous groups, and the three genomes （A, B, and D） in Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat. The highest and lowest allelic polymorphisms in all the 21 chromosomes were observed in 3B and 1D chromosomes, respectively. The lowest and highest allelic polymorphisms among the seven homoeologous groups was observed in 6 and 3 homoeologous groups, respectively. Among the three genomes, B genome showed the highest, A the intermediate, and D the lowest allelic polymorphism. The genetic distance （GD） indexes within Yunnan, Tibetan, and Xinjiang wheat, and between different wheat types were calculated. The GD value was found to be much higher within Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than within Xinjiang wheat, but the GD value between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat was lower than those between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat, and between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat. The cluster analysis indicated a closer relationship between Yunnan and Tibetan wheat than that between Yunnan and Xinjiang wheat or between Tibetan and Xinjiang wheat.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Projects(2007BAD64B01)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to analyze genetic diversity of SSR markers in Hordeum vulgare L.in Qinghai Province and lay a foundation for screening and protecting some excellent H.vulgare cultivars.[Method]SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 42 cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province.[Result]42 H.vulgare showed polymorphism in 7 SSR markers locus.A total of 24 alleles were identified,and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 6,with an average of 3.0.According to SSR markers polymorphism,42 H.vulgare could be divided into 4 groups,namely I,II,III and IV.[Result]The study indicated that cultivated H.vulgare from Qinghai Province is rich in genetic diversity,which will provide reference for selecting parent of H.vulgare breeding.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571179)National 863 Program of China(2006AA0Z156,2006AA10A115)
文摘Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Management Committee,China(92948)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(2012011032-1)the Chinese Agricultural Research System(CARS-07)
文摘Breeding of male-sterile lines has become the mainstream for the heterosis utilization in foxtail millet,but the genetic basis of most male-sterile lines used for the hybrid is still an area to be elucidated.In this study,a highly male-sterile line Gao146A was investigated.Genetic analysis indicated that the highly male-sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene a single recessive gene.Using F 2 population derived from cross Gao146A/K103,one gene controlling the highly male- sterility,tentatively named as ms1,which linked to SSR marker b234 with genetic distance of 16.7 cM,was mapped on the chromosome VI.These results not only laid the foundation for fine mapping of this highly male-sterile gene,but also helped to accelerate the improvement of highly male-sterile lines by using molecular marker assisted breeding method.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760218)the Third Batch of Ningxia Youth Talents Supporting Program(TJGC2018022)the Whole Industry Chain Innovation Demonstration Project of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(ERS-2016-0405)。
文摘Genetic linkage maps are important for quantitative trait locus(QTL) and marker-assisted selection breeding. The wolfberry(Lycium spp.) is an important food and traditional medicine in China. However, few construction genetic linkage maps have been reported because of the lack of genomic and genetic resources. In this study, a population of 89 F1 seedings was derived from a cross between two heterozygous parents, L. chinense var. potaninii ‘BF-01’(female)and L. barbarum var. auranticarpum ‘NH-01’(male), in order to construct a genetic linkage map using simple sequence repeat(SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) markers based on the double pseudo-test cross mapping strategy. The resulting genetic map consisted of 165 markers(74 AFLPs and 91 SSRs) distributed across 12 linkage groups and spanned a total length of 557.6 cM with an average distance of 3.38 cM between adjacent markers.The 12 linkage groups contained 3 to 21 markers and ranged in length from 8.6 to 58.3 cM. Twenty-nine segregated markers distributed in the map were mainly located on LG4 and LG9 linkage groups at P<0.05. This is the first linkage map of Lycium species using SSR and AFLP markers, which can serve as basis for improving genes and selective breeding of the genome assembly.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30471196)the Special Program for Doctorial Site of Universities (No. 200404344011).
文摘One hundred and nine Malus sieversii accessions from four geographical populations located at Kuerdening in Mohe town, Gongliu County, Jiaowutuohai, in Xinyuan County, Daxigou in Houcheng County of Ily State, and Baerluke Mountain in Yumin County of Tacheng State, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China were studied by SSR markers. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic structure and diversity in these eco-geographical populations with eight pair SSR primers of apple. The results indicated that： an average of 16 bands was detected in the four populations. The percentage of polymorphic bands in Gongliu population （89.06%） was the highest in the four populations. The average Nei＇s gene diversity index was 0.257 for all the loci. Totally, 128 polymorphic loci were detected and the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） was 100%, 88.28%, 84.83%, 87.50%, and 87.12%, respectively, at the species level and Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin population levels. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H = 0.2619） and Shannon＇s information index （1 = 0.4082） in the species level were higher than in the population level. The Nei＇s gene diversity index and Shannon＇s information index in the four populations were Gongliu 〉 Huocheng 〉 Xinyuan 〉 Yumin. Gongliu population and Xinyuan population were the highest in genetic identity and the closest in genetic distance. Gene flow between the populations was 7.265 based on genetic differentiation coefficient （GST = 0.064）. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the genetic relationships between the Gongliu and Xinyuan population were the closest, and the Yumin population were the farthest with the other three populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the four geographical populations located in Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin were relatively independent populations. Concurrently, there was also mild gene exchange between the populations. On the basis of the study of population genetic structure and the highest genetic diversity, Gongliu population should be given a high priority consideration in Malus sieversii population＇s in situ germplasm conservation.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2004BA525B04)the Program for Changjiang Scholar and Innovation Research Team in University of China (IRT0453)
文摘Two cycles of biparental mass selection （MS） and one cycle of half-sib-S3 family combining selection （HS-S3） for yield were carried out in 2 synthetic maize populations P4C0 and P5C0 synchronously. The genetic diversity of 8 maize populations, including both the basic populations and their developed populations, were evaluated by 30 SSR primers. On the 30 SSR loci, a total of 184 alleles had been detected in these populations. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from 2 to 14, with an average of 6.13. The number and ratio of polymorphic loci in both the basic populations were higher than those of their developed populations, respectively. There was nearly no difference after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations in the mean gene heterozygosity. The mean genetic distance changed slightly after MS but decreased in a bigger degree after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. Analyses on the distribution of genetic distances showed that the ranges of the genetic distance were wider after MS and most of the genetic distances in populations developed by HS-S3 were smaller than those in both the basic populations. The number of genotypes increased after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. The genetic diversity of intra-population was much more than genetic diversity of inter-population in both the basic populations. All these indexes demonstrated that the genetic diversity of populations after MS was similar to their basic populations, and the genetic diversity was maintained during MS, whereas the genetic diversity of populations decreased after HS-S3. This result indicated that heterogeneity between some of the individuals in the developed populations increased after MS, whereas the populations become more homozygotic after HS-S3.
基金supported by the Education Development Fund of Northwest A&F University (2017) to Z.Chengthe Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2452019017) to Y.Pan
文摘Garlic(Allium sativum),an asexually propagated vegetable and medicinal crop,has abundant genetic variation.Genetic diversity evaluation based on molecular markers has apparent advantages since their genomic abundance,environment insensitivity,and non-tissue specific features.However,the limited number of available DNA markers,especially SSR markers,are insufficient to conduct related genetic diversity assessment studies in garlic.In this study,4372 EST-SSR markers were newly developed,and 12 polymorphic markers together with other 17 garlic SSR markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 127 garlic accessions.The averaged polymorphism information content(PIC)of these 29 SSR markers was 0.36,ranging from 0.22 to 0.49.Seventy-nine polymorphic loci were detected among these accessions,with an average of 3.48 polymorphic loci per SSR.Both the clustering analyses based on either the genotype data of SSR markers or the phenotypic data of morphological traits obtained genetic distance divided the 127 garlic accessions into three clusters.Moreover,the Mantel test showed that genetic distance had no significant correlations with geographic distance,and weak correlations were found between genetic distance and the phenotypic traits.AMOVA analysis showed that the main genetic variation of this garlic germplasm collection existed in the within-population or cluster.Results of this study will be of great value for the genetic/breeding studies in garlic and enhance the utilization of these garlic germplasms.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2006AA10Z179 and 2006AA10Z1F8)the National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (200357 and 200458)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD01A02-23 and 2006BAD13B02)
文摘It was helpful for the wheat improvement to evaluate the genetic resources of Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum landraces. In this study, 68 turgidum landraces accessions, belonging to four geographic populations in China, were investigated by using EST-SSR markers. A total of 63 alleles were detected on 22 EST-SSR loci, and the number of alleles on each locus ranged from 1 to 5, with an average of 2.9. The results of the analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 92.5% of the total variations was attributed to the genetic variations within population, whereas only 7.5% variations among populations. Although the four populations had similar genetic diversity parameters, Sichuan population was yet distinguished from other populations when comparing the population samples in pairs. Significant correlations were detected by the statistic analysis among six genetic diversity parameters among each other. The selection difference between heterozygosty and homozygosty was also observed among different EST-SSR locus. The genetic similarity （GS） ranged from 0.18 to 0.98, with the mean of 0.72, and all accessions could be clustered into 7 groups. The dendrogram suggested that the genetic relationships among turgidum accessions evaluated by EST-SSR markers were unrelated to their geographic distributions. These results implied that turgidum landraces from China had the unique characters of genetic diversity.
文摘Dramatic changes in climatic conditions that supplement the biotic and abiotic stresses pose severe threat to the sustainable rice production and have made it a difficult task for rice molecular breeders to enhance production and productivity under these stress factors. The main focus of rice molecular breeders is to understand the fundamentals of molecular pathways involved in complex agronomic traits to increase the yield. The availability of complete rice genome sequence and recent improvements in rice genomics research has made it possible to detect and map accurately a large number of genes by using linkage to DNA markers. Linkage mapping is an effective approach to identify the genetic markers which are co-segregating with target traits within the family. The ideas of genetic diversity, quantitative trait locus（QTL） mapping, and marker-assisted selection（MAS） are evolving into more efficient concepts of linkage disequilibrium（LD） also called association mapping and genomic selection（GS）, respectively. The use of cost-effective DNA markers derived from the fine mapped position of the genes for important agronomic traits will provide opportunities for breeders to develop high-yielding, stress-resistant, and better quality rice cultivars. Here we focus on the progress of molecular marker technologies, their application in genetic mapping and evolution of association mapping techniques in rice.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Jiangxi Province(20161BBF60032)Jiangxi Modern Agricultural Research Collaborative Innovation Project(JXXTCX2015006-005)Jiangxi Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Special Funds(JXARS-17)~~
文摘Osmanthus fragrans is well-known as an ornamental and agricultural plant noted for its unique fragrance.We investigated the genetic relationships between two new colorful O.fragrans cultivars,Ziyan Gongzhu and Qiannan Guifei,and their relationships with other O.fragrans using amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and simple sequence repeat(SSR),compared to the Changye Muxi species.55 AFLP primer pairs and 17 SSRs were screened;1103 and 45 amplification products were produced,of which 92.29%of the AFLP and 62.20%of the SSRs were polymorphic.At the population level,the number of effective alleles varied from 0.76 to 1.11,and the Shannon index(I)ranged from 0 to 0.11,indicating a narrow genetic base of O.fragrans cultivars.The genetic similarity varied from 0.61 to 0.80 between Ziyan Gongzhu and other O.fragrans cultivars,and 0.57 to 0.67 in the Qiannan Guifei and other cultivars.The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)clustering revealed that Ziyan Gongzhu may belong to the O.fragrans Albus group.However,the Qiannan Guifei cultivar was clustered into a group,showing that it has great genetic variation.These results provide new molecular evidence for germplasm resources protection,and new cultivars for breeding.
文摘Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important natural fiber in the world, and its seeds are also used as a food source. Breeding cotton for traits of interest, such as production and processing of fibers, will ensure that this natural product is as competitive as renewable synthetic fibers derived from petroleum. Thus, the mapping of the cotton genome for traits of interest may be the basis for its subsequent use in breeding programs. This work consists of a literature review, with the aim of bringing together works from different research groups working with the mapping of the cotton genome with molecular markers.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100100)the Program for Scientific Innovative Research Team in Sichuan, China(2011JTD0015 and 11TD005)
文摘Genetic diversity of 62 Sichuan wheat landraces accessions of China was investigated by agronomic traits and SSR markers. The landrace population showed the characters of higher tiller capability and more kernels/spike, especially tiller no./plant of six accessions was over 40 and kernels/spike of three accessions was more than 70. A total of 547 alleles in 124 polymorphic loci were detected with an average of 4.76 alleles per locus by 114 SSR markers. Parameters analysis indicated that the genetic diversity ranked as genome A 〉 genome B 〉 genome D, and the homoeologous groups ranked as 5〉4〉3〉1〉2〉7〉6 based on genetic richness （Ri）. Furthermore, chromosomes 2A, 1B and 3D had more diversity than that of chromosomes 4A, 7A and 6B. The variation of SSR loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, 3B, and 4B implied that, in the past, different selective pressures might have acted on different chromosome regions of these landraces. Our results suggested that Sichuan common wheat landraces is a useful genetic resource for genetic research and wheat improvement.
文摘Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is an important commercial fruits crop, cultivated in terai to high hills of Nepal. High variation of acid lime fruits are observed in existing landraces due to crossing within the other citrus species. Determination of genetic variation is important to the plant breeders for development of high yielding variety and hybrids. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the genetic diversity of 62 acid lime landraces, collected from different altitudinal range in the eastern part of Nepal, using SSR markers. Twelve Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of acid lime. The average genetic similarity level among the 62 accessions was 0.77, ranging from 0.54 to 1.0 and separated five major cluster groups. Total of 33 alleles were detected by eleven primer pairs and size of alleles ranged from 50 to 225. Average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.50, whereas highest 0.75 and lowest 0.18 was observed in CAT01 and GT03 loci respectively. The results of the study clearly indicated that, SSR markers are highly polymorphic and more informative for the assessment of genetic diversity of acid lime landraces.
文摘The olive is widely cropped in Tunisia where also oleaster trees thrive all around orchards and in natural sites. Little is known on the genetic relationships between the olive crop and oleaster trees in Tunisia. Fifty-two oleaster trees and fifteen cultivars were sampled from Tunisia. SSR genotyping was performed in polyacrylamide gels after fluorescent labeling. We used seven nuclear and two chloroplast SSR markers. AFC analyses showed close genetic relationships between cultivated and oleaster trees. Genetic relationships were also displayed in a dendrogram based on Unweighted Pair Group Method (UPGMA). Five clusters were defined mixing cultivar and oleaster trees suggesting close relationship between some cultivar and some oleaster trees. One oleaster is single in a cluster. The chlorotype SSR markers show probably three olive origins. Some cultivars have the CE chlorotype originates from the East of the Mediterranean basin, the CCK haplotype originates from Maghreb and the COM chlorotype originates from West Mediterranean. The cultivars were 1) introduced from the East;2) selected in the West;3) or selected in the North Africa region. The Tunisian oleaster trees carry eastern and western Mediterranean chlorotype CCK, COM and CE.
基金This work was supported by the National 863 Program of China(20012AA211041)National Key Technolo-gies R＆D Program of China(2004BA907A26)Young Science Foundation of Harbin，China(2002AFQXJ043)．
文摘F2：10 RIL population with 154 lines, crossed by Charleston as female parent and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used. 164 SSR primers were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. A new soybean molecular genetics map, named NEAUSRI-GMS, was constructed by Mapmaker. The total length of the soybean genetic map is 1 913.5 cM, and the average distance among markers is 11.89 cM. The length of linkage group varied from 0.4 to 309.5 cM, and the markers on the linkage group varied from 2 to 28. The distribution of SSR markers on every linkage group is not even. High density region of markers existed on linkage group A1, C2, and Dla. Compared with 5 soybean genetic maps constructed at home and abroad, NEAUSRI-GMS has high homologous with the public genetic map abroad.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2019YFD1001300 and 2019YFD1001303)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-08)the Agricultural Science Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Adzuki bean(Vigna angularis(Willd.)Ohwi&Ohashi)is an annual cultivated leguminous crop commonly grown in Asia and consumed worldwide.However,there has been limited research regarding adzuki bean genetics,which has prevented the efficient application of genes during breeding.In the present study,we constructed a high-density genetic map based on whole genome re-sequencing technology and validated its utility by mining QTLs related to seed size.Moreover,we analyzed the sequences flanking insertions/deletions(In Dels)to develop a set of PCR-based markers useful for characterizing adzuki bean genetics.A total of 2904 markers were mapped to 11 linkage groups(LGs).The total length of the map was 1365.0 cM,with an average distance between markers of 0.47 cM.Among the LGs,the number of markers ranged from 208(LG7)to 397(LG1)and the total distance ranged from 97.4 cM(LG9)to 155.6 cM(LG1).Twelve QTLs related to seed size were identified using the constructed map.The two major QTLs in LG2 and LG9 explained 22.1 and 18.8%of the total phenotypic variation,respectively.Ten minor QTLs in LG4,LG5 and LG6 explained 3.0–10.4%of the total phenotypic variation.A total of 9718 primer pairs were designed based on the sequences flanking In Dels.Among the 200 selected primer pairs,75 revealed polymorphisms in 24 adzuki bean germplasms.The genetic map constructed in this study will be useful for screening genes related to other traits.Furthermore,the QTL analysis of seed size and the novel markers described herein may be relevant for future molecular investigations of adzuki bean and will be useful for exploiting the mechanisms underlying legume seed development.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-09)
文摘Genetic diversity of 158 accessions of an applied core collection of adzuki bean （Vigna angularis） and 18 wild genotypes were assessed by using 85 microsatellite markers. With an average of 5.81 alleles per locus, 493 alleles were detected, and their distribution frequencies lower than 5% accounted for 73.02% of the total number. The distributions of alleles between the cultivated and the wild adzuki bean germplasm are different, with a higher allelic diversity in the wild germplasm than that of the cultivated ones. An obvious genetic differentiation was also observed between the wild and the cultivated adzuki beans, and SSR markers may be useful in study identification and classification of them. Among cultivated adzuki bean, the genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.366 to 0.939. Genetic structure analysis can clearly separate the wild genotypes from the cultivated adzuki bean, and also can divide the cultivated ones into different populations, as these populations are closely agreeable with the ecological regions where they originally grow. The results of this study will be useful in arranging local breeding programs, especially in the aspect of parental combinations or identification of progenies. These SSR markers can also provide important information to explain the genetic relationship between the cultivated and wild adzuki beans, and to accelerate the wild gene resources in broadening the gene pool in breeding program.
