The microbial potential of Penicillium has received critical attention.The present research aimed to elucidate the efficacy of crude enzyme secreted from Penicillium oxalicum WX-209 in degrading citrus segments and ev...The microbial potential of Penicillium has received critical attention.The present research aimed to elucidate the efficacy of crude enzyme secreted from Penicillium oxalicum WX-209 in degrading citrus segments and evaluate the safety of the process.Results showed that citrus segment membranes gradually dissolved after treatment with the crude enzyme solution,indicating good degradation capability.No significant differences in body weight,food ingestion rate,hematology,blood biochemistry,and weight changes of different organs were found between the enzyme intake and control groups.Serial experiments showed that the crude enzyme had high biological safety.Moreover,the whole genome of P.oxalicum WX-209 was sequenced by PacBio and Illumina platforms.Twenty-five scaffolds were assembled to generate 36 Mbp size of genome sequence comprising 11369 predicted genes modeled with a GC content of 48.33%.A total of 592 genes were annotated to encode enzymes related to carbohydrates,and some degradation enzyme genes were identified in strain P.oxalicum WX-209.展开更多
[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula by retrospective analysis of clinical use.[Methods]A total of 225 cases were collected,including 117 males and 108 fem...[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula by retrospective analysis of clinical use.[Methods]A total of 225 cases were collected,including 117 males and 108 females,115 cases of contact dermatitis and 110 cases of acute eczema.Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula was administered to 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.[Results]After one week of treatment,among 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema,76 cases were cured(33.78%),133 cases showed marked response(59.11%),16 cases(7.11%)were improved,0 case was ineffective,and the overall response rate was 92.89%.After one week of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula treatment,the symptoms of itching,pain and swelling were significantly improved in all patients,and the rash was partially crusted without new symptom,and there were no complications and adverse reactions.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula therapy has a remarkable effect in the treatment of contact dermatitis and acute eczema.展开更多
Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 has been demonstrated to improve the frequency of defecation, straining, and pain during defecation in human placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. We cond...Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 has been demonstrated to improve the frequency of defecation, straining, and pain during defecation in human placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of both long-term and excessive intakes of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013, when used as a food with functional claims. In both tests, 30 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups: an active group that ingested heat-killed B. longum CLA8013 and a placebo group. In the long-term intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 25 billion cells/day for 12 weeks. In the excessive intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 125 billion cells/day for 4 weeks. Physical, hematological, biochemical, and urine examinations were conducted, and adverse events were evaluated in both studies. The studies revealed no abnormalities in any of the safety tests. In conclusion, no safety-related issues were identified with long-term or excessive intake of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013.展开更多
The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated usin...The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD)...The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD),during storage at room temperature(25℃)by using sensory,physiochemical,and microbial assessment.Additionally,fluoride accumulation in this food product was used to evaluate its safety.Analysis showed that the addition of SD and SDD resulted in better sensory scores compared of that of CT samples(P<0.05).Accordingly,microorganism growth and total basic nitrogen(TVB-N)were maintained at a low level for the duration of storage with SD and SDD treatments.The total viable counts of SD and SDD reached(4.58±0.08)log(CFU g^(−1))and(4.20±0.11)log(CFUg^(−1)),respectively.The mold was found after 6 and 18 days for SD and SDD treatment,and the numbers reached 5.2×10^(6) and 8.5×10^(4) respectively at the end of shelf life.The TVB-N values from CT continuously increased during the whole storage.While TVB-N values from SD and SDD remained significantly less change(P<0.05)during the early 20 days of the storage,and the values reached(12.11±0.07)mg(100 g)^(−1) and(10.88±0.15)mg(100 g)^(−1) on day 33 and day 70,respectively.Importantly,SDD treatment effectively minimized the oxidation values and retained the color of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill.Our results showed that the shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill treated with SDD was extended by up to 52 days.Additionally,rats fed ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill showed accumulation of fluoride exclusively in the thighbone.The accumulation of fluoride residues in the thighbone showed concentration-dependent.The concentrations of fluoride residues in rats were(1760.03±38.21),(2371.52±42.15)mgkg^(−1) and(3615.44±30.53)mgkg^(−1),which were less than sodium fluoride feeding group(4621.01±28.67)mgkg^(−1).The results suggested that the SD and SDD treatments led to better quality and shelf life extension of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill during storage at room temperature(25℃).Therefore,the ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill can be of great interest to the seafood industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβcell dysfunction is a fundamental aspect of the pathology underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has emerged as a new therapeuti...BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβcell dysfunction is a fundamental aspect of the pathology underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has emerged as a new therapeutic method due to its ability to promote the regeneration of pancreaticβcells.However,current studies have focused on its efficacy,and there are few clinical studies on its safety.AIM To evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord(hUC)-MSC infusion in T2DM treatment.METHODS An open-label and randomized phase 2 clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety of hUC-MSC transplantation in T2DM in a Class A hospital.Ten patients in the placebo group received acellular saline intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Twenty-four patients in the hUC-MSC group received hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/kg)intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Diabetic clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory findings,and imaging findings were evaluated weekly for the 1st mo and then at weeks 12 and 24 post-treatment.RESULTS No serious adverse events were observed during the 24-wk follow-up.Four patients(16.7%)in the hUC-MSC group experienced transient fever,which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion;this did not occur in any patients in the placebo group.One patient from the hUC-MSC group experienced hypoglycemic attacks within 1 mo after transplantation.Significantly lower lymphocyte levels(weeks 2 and 3)and thrombin coagulation time(week 2)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).Significantly higher platelet levels(week 3),immunoglobulin levels(weeks 1,2,3,and 4),fibrinogen levels(weeks 2 and 3),D-dimer levels(weeks 1,2,3,4,12,and 24),and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios(weeks 2 and 3)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups for tumor markers(alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and carbohydrate antigen 199)or blood fat.No liver damage or other side effects were observed on chest X-ray.CONCLUSION Our study suggested that hUC-MSC transplantation has good tolerance and high safety in the treatment of T2DM.It can improve human immunity and inhibit lymphocytes.Coagulation function should be monitored vigilantly for abnormalities.展开更多
Background: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced to improve skin laxity in recent years. However, very few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of HIFU in Chinese populations. Me...Background: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced to improve skin laxity in recent years. However, very few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of HIFU in Chinese populations. Methods: In the study, 30 Chinese participants underwent HIFU (Bolida, Inc., Changsha, China) rejuvenation between February 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. There were three different focal depths used depending on the area where shots were captured (4.5 mm, 4 MHz;3 mm, 7 MHz;1.5 mm, 7 MHz). After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, efficacy and safety were assessed by quantitative analysis. Results: Patients were satisfied with the clinical effects of HIFU rejuvenation after one session. In terms of effectiveness, HIFU was most successful in areas around the jawline, cheek, and perioral. In four cases, erythema was observed, in two cases, swollen gums were seen, but all of these effects were transient and mild. Conclusion: Bolida system can be safe and effective for facial tightening, additionally, they are most effective for jawline, cheek, and perioral improvements. In clinical practice, the Bolida system can be recommended as a reliable treatment option. .展开更多
Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of ...Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hu MSCs) before clinical application. In this study, hu MSCs were harvested from human amniotic membrane and umbilical cord vascular tissue. A rat model of TBI was established using the controlled cortical impact method. Starting from the third day after injury, the rats were injected with 10 μL of 5 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs by cerebral stereotaxis or with 500 μL of 1 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs via the tail vein for 3 successive days. hu MSC transplantation decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats with TBI and increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exhibiting good immunoregulatory function. The transplanted hu MSCs were distributed in the liver, lung and brain injury sites. No abnormal proliferation or tumorigenesis was found in these organs up to 12 months after transplantation. The transplanted hu MSCs negligibly proliferated in vivo, and apoptosis was gradually observed at later stages. These findings suggest that hu MSC transplantation for the treatment of traumatic brain injury displays good safety. In addition, hu MSCs exhibit good immunoregulatory function, which can help prevent and reduce secondary brain injury caused by the rapid release of inflammatory factors after TBI. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of PLA(approval No. 20160054) on November 1, 2016.展开更多
In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to p...In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to protect the latter. An effective design can be defined as that the weak-link fails before the failure of the strong-link,and the system is safe; while an unsuccessful design means that the weak-link fails after the failure of the strong-link,and the system loses in safety. The probability of safety failure exists due to the uncertain failure temperatures of the weak-link and strong-link. In order to obtain the probability of safety failure,a statistical method was used to deal with the uncertainty of the failure temperatures. The integral method and stochastic simulation method were used in calculations. Finally,a sample was given to verify the consistence of the results given by two methods.展开更多
[Objectives]The study aimed to evaluate the safety of Tongchui Baihua capsule.[Methods]Long-term toxicology experiment was adopted,the rats were randomly divided into control group and administration group according t...[Objectives]The study aimed to evaluate the safety of Tongchui Baihua capsule.[Methods]Long-term toxicology experiment was adopted,the rats were randomly divided into control group and administration group according to the gender of male and female;the drug administration group was given different doses of Tongchui Baihua capsules,and the drug was administered by continuous gavage for 13 weeks;the general conditions,haematological indexes,blood biochemical indexes and visceral coefficients of the rats were detected at the 13th week and 4 weeks after the drug withdrawal respectively,and the toxic symptoms were observed.[Results]The rats were given Tongchui Baihua capsule in different doses by gavage for 13 weeks,and no obvious toxicity was observed in weight,haematological indexes,blood biochemical indexes and histopathology.[Conclusions]Under the condition of long-term toxicity experiment,Tongchui Baihua capsule was safe for rats.展开更多
By standard method to determine thallium content in 34 batches of cosmetic products sold in Shenzhen,including cushions and sunscreens for children,all results of samples are within the range of not detected to 0.62 m...By standard method to determine thallium content in 34 batches of cosmetic products sold in Shenzhen,including cushions and sunscreens for children,all results of samples are within the range of not detected to 0.62 mg/kg.By calculating the Maximum Theoretical Safety Limit,according to guidance of Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety(SCCS)of European Union and Toxicological Review of Thallium and Compounds 2009 of United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)to assess the risk of cosmetic products.As a result,if the mean concentration of thallium in different kind of cosmetic products does not exceed 0.031 mg/kg,the products will not show significant toxicological risk for consumers.展开更多
According to the ecological safety evaluation index data of land-use change in Ji'an City from 1999 to 2008,positive treatment on selected reverse indices is conducted by Reciprocal Method.Meanwhile,Index Method i...According to the ecological safety evaluation index data of land-use change in Ji'an City from 1999 to 2008,positive treatment on selected reverse indices is conducted by Reciprocal Method.Meanwhile,Index Method is used to standardize the selected indices,and Principal Component Analysis is applied by using year as a unit.FB is obtained,which is related with the ecological safety of land-use change from 1999 to 2008.According to the scientific,integrative,hierarchical,practical and dynamic principles,ecological safety evaluation index system of land-use change in Ji'an City is established.Principal Component Analysis and evaluation model are used to calculate four parameters,including the natural resources safety index of land use,the socio-economic safety indicators of land use,the eco-environmental safety index of land use,and the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City.Result indicates that the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City shows a slow upward trend as a whole.At the same time,ecological safety degree of land-use change is relatively low in Ji'an City with the safety value of 0.645,which is at a weak safety zone and needs further monitoring and maintenance.展开更多
Seismic safety evaluation is a basic work for determining the seismic resistance requirements of major construc-tion projects. The effect, especially the economic effect of the seismic safety evaluation has been gener...Seismic safety evaluation is a basic work for determining the seismic resistance requirements of major construc-tion projects. The effect, especially the economic effect of the seismic safety evaluation has been generally con-cerned. The paper gives a model for estimating the effect of seismic safety evaluation and calculates roughly the economic effect of seismic safety evaluation with some examples.展开更多
This study assessed the effect of feeding stacked genetically modified (GM) corn event (MON89034 × MON88017) on embryonic development, adult tissue histology and assessed the possibility of transgenic DNA transfe...This study assessed the effect of feeding stacked genetically modified (GM) corn event (MON89034 × MON88017) on embryonic development, adult tissue histology and assessed the possibility of transgenic DNA transfer, using zebrafish as an animal model. Adult zebrafish were separated into male and female groups. After 3 weeks of feeding with experimental diets, males and females were paired once a week and fertilized embryos were collected, then the male and female fish were re-turned to their sex-specific groups. This fertilization and embryo collection process were repeated 3 times. Embryonic morphological measurements were obtained on developing embryos up to 96 hours after fertilization, and then the embryos were fixed in 4% phosphate-buffered paraformal-dehyde for morphologic assessment. At the end of the feeding study, various adult zebrafish tissues were histologically examined for abnormalities. Both zebrafish tissues and embryos were analyzed for presence of plant specific genes and transgenic sequences. No changes or abnormalities were observed in embryonic morphology nor in any of the tissues examined histologically. In addition, no plant DNA reference genes or transgenic DNA were found in any of the analyzed samples. These results demonstrate that the safety and nutrition of MON89034 × MON88017 corn are similar to non-GM corn.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion (DAGM) in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG k...The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion (DAGM) in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG kg-1 body weight of DAGM or water with two groups of mice. Chronic safety evaluation with 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out by setting a control group and 3 different dose groups (n=10 male+10 female) administered with DAGM with 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Relevant parameters of liver and kidney function and biochemistry were determined by standard methods at end point. Acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of DAGM was 20 mL kg-1 body weight in mice. No death was observed at the dose of 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Chronic safety evaluation did not show significant changes on hematological, histopathologic, clinical, and biochemical tests when administered at levels of 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day to rats for 30 d. No significant body weight changes were observed in different dosages in both male and female rats. Our results suggested that acute and chronic adverse effects were not observed in histology and clinical parameters in both mice and rats. The results suggested that DAGM is safe at the experimental levels.展开更多
This paper describes a set of on-site earthquake safety evaluation systems for buildings, which were developed based on a network platform. The system embedded into the quantitative research results which were complet...This paper describes a set of on-site earthquake safety evaluation systems for buildings, which were developed based on a network platform. The system embedded into the quantitative research results which were completed in accordance with the provisions from Post-earthquake Field Works, Part 2: Safety Assessment of Buildings, GB18208.2-2001, and was further developed into an easy-to-use software platform. The system is aimed at allowing engineering professionals, civil engineeing technicists or earthquake-affected victims on site to assess damaged buildings through a network after earthquakes. The authors studied the function structure, process design of the safety evaluation module, and hierarchical analysis algorithm module of the system in depth, and developed the general architecture design, development technology and database design of the system. Technologies such as hierarchical architecture design and Java EE were used in the system development, and My SQL5 was adopted in the database development. The result is a complete evaluation process of information collection, safety evaluation, and output of damage and safety degrees, as well as query and statistical analysis of identified buildings. The system can play a positive role in sharing expert post-earthquake experience and promoting safety evaluation of buildings on a seismic field.展开更多
The study of earth masses requires numerical methods that provide the quantification of the safety factor without requiring detrimental assumptions. For that, equilibrium analysis can perform fast computations but req...The study of earth masses requires numerical methods that provide the quantification of the safety factor without requiring detrimental assumptions. For that, equilibrium analysis can perform fast computations but require assumptions that limit its potentiality. Limit analysis does not require detrimental assumptions but are numerically demanding. This work provides a new approach that combines the advantage of both the equilibrium method and the limit analysis. The defined hybrid model allows probabilistic analysis and optimization approaches without the assumption of interslice forces. It is compared with a published case and used to perform probabilistic studies in both a homogeneous and a layered foundation. Analyses show that the shape of the density probability functions is highly relevant when computing the probability of failure, and soil elasticity hardly affects the safety of factor of the earth mass.展开更多
AIM:To discuss the safety of donors during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and the authors' experience with 50 cases. METHODS:Between January 1995 and March 2006,50 patients with end-stage liver disease ...AIM:To discuss the safety of donors during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and the authors' experience with 50 cases. METHODS:Between January 1995 and March 2006,50 patients with end-stage liver disease received LDLT in our department. Donors (at the age of 27-58 years) were healthy and antibody (ABO)-compatible. The protocol of evaluation and selection of donors,choice of surgical methods and strategy applied in the safety evaluation of donors were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 115 candidate donors were evaluated for LDLT at our center. Of these,50 underwent successful hepatectomy for living donation. The elimination rate for donors was 43.5%. Positive hepatitis serology and ABO incompatibility were the main factors for excluding candidates. All donors recovered uneventfully. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 135 mo. The incidence of major and minor medical complications was 12.0% and 28.0%,respectively. CONCLUSION:LDLT provides an excellent approach to the problem of donor shortage in China. With a thorough and complete preoperative workup and meticulous intra-and postoperative management,LDLT can be performed with minimal donor morbidity.展开更多
Agencies in Iowa have utilized both overhead flashing beacons and stop-sign mounted beacons. Although several studies have shown that overhead flashing beacons are effective, some concerns have been raised about drive...Agencies in Iowa have utilized both overhead flashing beacons and stop-sign mounted beacons. Although several studies have shown that overhead flashing beacons are effective, some concerns have been raised about driver confusion. The main concern is that a driver may interpret a multiface flashing beacon with a red indication for their approach as an all-way stop control. As a result, the Iowa DOT has been advocating use of stop-sign mounted beacons rather than overhead flashing beacons. Since little information is available about this countermeasure, data for intersections with (treatment) and without (control) stop-sign mounted beacons were identified and a cross-sectional analysis conducted (due to few confirmable installation dates). Rural stop-controlled intersections with stop-sign mounted beacons in Iowa (USA) were identified (40 in total). Intersection characteristics such as number of approaches, intersection angle etc. were extracted. Additionally, characteristics of individual approaches such as roadway surface (gravel/paved), advanced stop-sign rumble strips, and advance signing were recorded. One or more control locations were manually selected for each treatment intersection based on matching roadway configuration, presence of lighting, advance stop line rumble strips, number of approaches, channelization, traffic volume, and proximity. Propensity scores were estimated to match 40 control locations for comparison. Negative binomial models for different injury combinations at nighttime and daytime were developed with an indicator variable for presence and absence of stop-sign mounted beacons. Presence of stop-sign mounted beacons was associated with a 5% - 54% reduction in nighttime crashes. Injury nighttime crashes decreased by 54% and total nighttime crashes reduced by 18%.展开更多
A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometric differences of the people from different countries,the...A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometric differences of the people from different countries,the present study aims to establish and validate a finite element lower limb model representing 50th Chinese male size for pedestrian safety research,then compare its biomechanical responses with the general models currently in wide use in the world for pedestrian safety evaluation.Concerning the vehicle-pedestrian impact loading environment,the previously developed lower limb model with three-dimensional muscles was adjusted and validated through the related experiments.Then,the biomechanical responses of the validated model were compared with the Total Human Model for Safety(THUMS)and Advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor(aPLI)models by combing with four typical vehicles.The results showed that both consistency and significant differences of biomechanical responses existed between the present model and the other two models.The injury measurements of the thigh region of the present model showed extremely large differences with the other two models,while the tibia and Medial Collateral Ligament(MCL)injury measurements show similar values.Thus,it can be concluded that directly using the aPLI or THUMS models for Chinese pedestrian safety evaluation is not robust concerning both kinematic responses and injury measurements.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[32201960,32073020]Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province[2022RC1150]+2 种基金Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation[kq2202332]Hunan innovative province construction project[2019NK2041]Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hunan Province[2021CX05].
文摘The microbial potential of Penicillium has received critical attention.The present research aimed to elucidate the efficacy of crude enzyme secreted from Penicillium oxalicum WX-209 in degrading citrus segments and evaluate the safety of the process.Results showed that citrus segment membranes gradually dissolved after treatment with the crude enzyme solution,indicating good degradation capability.No significant differences in body weight,food ingestion rate,hematology,blood biochemistry,and weight changes of different organs were found between the enzyme intake and control groups.Serial experiments showed that the crude enzyme had high biological safety.Moreover,the whole genome of P.oxalicum WX-209 was sequenced by PacBio and Illumina platforms.Twenty-five scaffolds were assembled to generate 36 Mbp size of genome sequence comprising 11369 predicted genes modeled with a GC content of 48.33%.A total of 592 genes were annotated to encode enzymes related to carbohydrates,and some degradation enzyme genes were identified in strain P.oxalicum WX-209.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Food and Drug Administration(2021 Guangxi Drug Safety Scientific Research Project)"Safety Evaluation of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula for the Treatment of Acute Eczema and Contact Dermatitis and Other Skin Diseases"State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Ethnic Minority Pharmacy(Zhuang Pharmacy)(zyyzdxk-2023165)+2 种基金Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Innovation Team Project(GZKJ2309)Funding Project of High-level Talent Cultivation and Innovation Team of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2022A008)Key R&D Projects of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(Gui Ke AB21196057).
文摘[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula by retrospective analysis of clinical use.[Methods]A total of 225 cases were collected,including 117 males and 108 females,115 cases of contact dermatitis and 110 cases of acute eczema.Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula was administered to 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.[Results]After one week of treatment,among 225 patients with contact dermatitis and acute eczema,76 cases were cured(33.78%),133 cases showed marked response(59.11%),16 cases(7.11%)were improved,0 case was ineffective,and the overall response rate was 92.89%.After one week of Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula treatment,the symptoms of itching,pain and swelling were significantly improved in all patients,and the rash was partially crusted without new symptom,and there were no complications and adverse reactions.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine Xiaoyan Zhiyang Formula therapy has a remarkable effect in the treatment of contact dermatitis and acute eczema.
文摘Heat-killed Bifidobacterium longum CLA8013 has been demonstrated to improve the frequency of defecation, straining, and pain during defecation in human placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of both long-term and excessive intakes of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013, when used as a food with functional claims. In both tests, 30 healthy volunteers were divided into two groups: an active group that ingested heat-killed B. longum CLA8013 and a placebo group. In the long-term intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 25 billion cells/day for 12 weeks. In the excessive intake safety study, participants in the active group ingested 125 billion cells/day for 4 weeks. Physical, hematological, biochemical, and urine examinations were conducted, and adverse events were evaluated in both studies. The studies revealed no abnormalities in any of the safety tests. In conclusion, no safety-related issues were identified with long-term or excessive intake of heat-killed B. longum CLA8013.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(32260583)the Agriculture Committee of Guizhou Province[(2017)106&(2018)81]the Talent Introduction Program of Guizhou University[(2021)76].
文摘The physicochemical properties and composition of coix seed oil produced by Monascus purpureus fermentation and supercritical CO_(2)extraction were determined.Anti-lipid-oxidation and edible safety were evaluated using a cholesterol-fish oil model,acute oral toxicity assay,and genetic toxicity assay in vitro and in vivo,respectively.The results show that the extraction oil from fermented coix seed(FCS-O)had good physicochemical quality and abundant active components with physiological function.In particular,γ-tocotrienol,γ-oryzanol,coixenolide and oleic acid concentrations reached 72.83μg/g,745.96μg/g,9.65 mg/g and 316.58 mg/100 g DW,respectively.The FCS-O exhibited higher antioxidant capability in inhibiting lipid oxidation and peroxidation.Compared to the blank control,the concentrations of 7-ketocholestreol and peroxide only were 8.42μg/mL and 16.16 mmol/kg at 168 h of oxidation(P<0.01).In addition,the FCS-O has been confirmed to be a very safe edible oil,with no acute toxicity(LD50>10 g/kg bw,considered actually non-toxic)and no induced mutagenicity,cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.These results serve as a good safety reference for future application of the oil from fermented coix seed.The development and utilization of this kind of oil will be beneficial as a food,food ingredient,nutritional supplement,or natural food antioxidant to promote good health function.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFD0901204,2017YFC1600706)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.22ZR 1478500)。
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the quality changes and shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill,either untreated(CT)or treated with sodium diacetate(SD)or sodium diacetate and a deoxidizer(SDD),during storage at room temperature(25℃)by using sensory,physiochemical,and microbial assessment.Additionally,fluoride accumulation in this food product was used to evaluate its safety.Analysis showed that the addition of SD and SDD resulted in better sensory scores compared of that of CT samples(P<0.05).Accordingly,microorganism growth and total basic nitrogen(TVB-N)were maintained at a low level for the duration of storage with SD and SDD treatments.The total viable counts of SD and SDD reached(4.58±0.08)log(CFU g^(−1))and(4.20±0.11)log(CFUg^(−1)),respectively.The mold was found after 6 and 18 days for SD and SDD treatment,and the numbers reached 5.2×10^(6) and 8.5×10^(4) respectively at the end of shelf life.The TVB-N values from CT continuously increased during the whole storage.While TVB-N values from SD and SDD remained significantly less change(P<0.05)during the early 20 days of the storage,and the values reached(12.11±0.07)mg(100 g)^(−1) and(10.88±0.15)mg(100 g)^(−1) on day 33 and day 70,respectively.Importantly,SDD treatment effectively minimized the oxidation values and retained the color of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill.Our results showed that the shelf life of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill treated with SDD was extended by up to 52 days.Additionally,rats fed ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill showed accumulation of fluoride exclusively in the thighbone.The accumulation of fluoride residues in the thighbone showed concentration-dependent.The concentrations of fluoride residues in rats were(1760.03±38.21),(2371.52±42.15)mgkg^(−1) and(3615.44±30.53)mgkg^(−1),which were less than sodium fluoride feeding group(4621.01±28.67)mgkg^(−1).The results suggested that the SD and SDD treatments led to better quality and shelf life extension of ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill during storage at room temperature(25℃).Therefore,the ready-to-eat roasted Antarctic krill can be of great interest to the seafood industry.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee Projects,No.JCYJ20170816105416349Shenzhen High-Level Hospital Construction Fund,Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund,No.SZXK010.
文摘BACKGROUND Progressive pancreaticβcell dysfunction is a fundamental aspect of the pathology underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Recently,mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has emerged as a new therapeutic method due to its ability to promote the regeneration of pancreaticβcells.However,current studies have focused on its efficacy,and there are few clinical studies on its safety.AIM To evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord(hUC)-MSC infusion in T2DM treatment.METHODS An open-label and randomized phase 2 clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety of hUC-MSC transplantation in T2DM in a Class A hospital.Ten patients in the placebo group received acellular saline intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Twenty-four patients in the hUC-MSC group received hUC-MSCs(1×106 cells/kg)intravenously once per week for 3 wk.Diabetic clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory findings,and imaging findings were evaluated weekly for the 1st mo and then at weeks 12 and 24 post-treatment.RESULTS No serious adverse events were observed during the 24-wk follow-up.Four patients(16.7%)in the hUC-MSC group experienced transient fever,which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion;this did not occur in any patients in the placebo group.One patient from the hUC-MSC group experienced hypoglycemic attacks within 1 mo after transplantation.Significantly lower lymphocyte levels(weeks 2 and 3)and thrombin coagulation time(week 2)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).Significantly higher platelet levels(week 3),immunoglobulin levels(weeks 1,2,3,and 4),fibrinogen levels(weeks 2 and 3),D-dimer levels(weeks 1,2,3,4,12,and 24),and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios(weeks 2 and 3)were observed in the hUC-MSC group compared to those in the placebo group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups for tumor markers(alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and carbohydrate antigen 199)or blood fat.No liver damage or other side effects were observed on chest X-ray.CONCLUSION Our study suggested that hUC-MSC transplantation has good tolerance and high safety in the treatment of T2DM.It can improve human immunity and inhibit lymphocytes.Coagulation function should be monitored vigilantly for abnormalities.
文摘Background: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced to improve skin laxity in recent years. However, very few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of HIFU in Chinese populations. Methods: In the study, 30 Chinese participants underwent HIFU (Bolida, Inc., Changsha, China) rejuvenation between February 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. There were three different focal depths used depending on the area where shots were captured (4.5 mm, 4 MHz;3 mm, 7 MHz;1.5 mm, 7 MHz). After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, efficacy and safety were assessed by quantitative analysis. Results: Patients were satisfied with the clinical effects of HIFU rejuvenation after one session. In terms of effectiveness, HIFU was most successful in areas around the jawline, cheek, and perioral. In four cases, erythema was observed, in two cases, swollen gums were seen, but all of these effects were transient and mild. Conclusion: Bolida system can be safe and effective for facial tightening, additionally, they are most effective for jawline, cheek, and perioral improvements. In clinical practice, the Bolida system can be recommended as a reliable treatment option. .
基金supported by the General Project of Hubei Health Committee of China,No.WJ2019M263(to GW)。
文摘Stem cell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI). However, animal experiments are needed to evaluate safety;in particular, to examine the immunogenicity and tumorigenicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hu MSCs) before clinical application. In this study, hu MSCs were harvested from human amniotic membrane and umbilical cord vascular tissue. A rat model of TBI was established using the controlled cortical impact method. Starting from the third day after injury, the rats were injected with 10 μL of 5 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs by cerebral stereotaxis or with 500 μL of 1 × 10^(6)/m L hu MSCs via the tail vein for 3 successive days. hu MSC transplantation decreased the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats with TBI and increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exhibiting good immunoregulatory function. The transplanted hu MSCs were distributed in the liver, lung and brain injury sites. No abnormal proliferation or tumorigenesis was found in these organs up to 12 months after transplantation. The transplanted hu MSCs negligibly proliferated in vivo, and apoptosis was gradually observed at later stages. These findings suggest that hu MSC transplantation for the treatment of traumatic brain injury displays good safety. In addition, hu MSCs exhibit good immunoregulatory function, which can help prevent and reduce secondary brain injury caused by the rapid release of inflammatory factors after TBI. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Wuhan General Hospital of PLA(approval No. 20160054) on November 1, 2016.
基金Sponsored by Science and technology development fund of China academy of engineering physics( 2011A0203010)
文摘In an abnormal high-temperature fire environment,a structure with mechanical-thermal weak-link can be used to predict the permanent failure before the failure of some strong-links,such as explosive initiator,thus to protect the latter. An effective design can be defined as that the weak-link fails before the failure of the strong-link,and the system is safe; while an unsuccessful design means that the weak-link fails after the failure of the strong-link,and the system loses in safety. The probability of safety failure exists due to the uncertain failure temperatures of the weak-link and strong-link. In order to obtain the probability of safety failure,a statistical method was used to deal with the uncertainty of the failure temperatures. The integral method and stochastic simulation method were used in calculations. Finally,a sample was given to verify the consistence of the results given by two methods.
文摘[Objectives]The study aimed to evaluate the safety of Tongchui Baihua capsule.[Methods]Long-term toxicology experiment was adopted,the rats were randomly divided into control group and administration group according to the gender of male and female;the drug administration group was given different doses of Tongchui Baihua capsules,and the drug was administered by continuous gavage for 13 weeks;the general conditions,haematological indexes,blood biochemical indexes and visceral coefficients of the rats were detected at the 13th week and 4 weeks after the drug withdrawal respectively,and the toxic symptoms were observed.[Results]The rats were given Tongchui Baihua capsule in different doses by gavage for 13 weeks,and no obvious toxicity was observed in weight,haematological indexes,blood biochemical indexes and histopathology.[Conclusions]Under the condition of long-term toxicity experiment,Tongchui Baihua capsule was safe for rats.
文摘By standard method to determine thallium content in 34 batches of cosmetic products sold in Shenzhen,including cushions and sunscreens for children,all results of samples are within the range of not detected to 0.62 mg/kg.By calculating the Maximum Theoretical Safety Limit,according to guidance of Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety(SCCS)of European Union and Toxicological Review of Thallium and Compounds 2009 of United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)to assess the risk of cosmetic products.As a result,if the mean concentration of thallium in different kind of cosmetic products does not exceed 0.031 mg/kg,the products will not show significant toxicological risk for consumers.
基金Supported by Major Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development Program(2009CB219401)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(40534019)
文摘According to the ecological safety evaluation index data of land-use change in Ji'an City from 1999 to 2008,positive treatment on selected reverse indices is conducted by Reciprocal Method.Meanwhile,Index Method is used to standardize the selected indices,and Principal Component Analysis is applied by using year as a unit.FB is obtained,which is related with the ecological safety of land-use change from 1999 to 2008.According to the scientific,integrative,hierarchical,practical and dynamic principles,ecological safety evaluation index system of land-use change in Ji'an City is established.Principal Component Analysis and evaluation model are used to calculate four parameters,including the natural resources safety index of land use,the socio-economic safety indicators of land use,the eco-environmental safety index of land use,and the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City.Result indicates that the ecological safety degree of land use in Ji'an City shows a slow upward trend as a whole.At the same time,ecological safety degree of land-use change is relatively low in Ji'an City with the safety value of 0.645,which is at a weak safety zone and needs further monitoring and maintenance.
文摘Seismic safety evaluation is a basic work for determining the seismic resistance requirements of major construc-tion projects. The effect, especially the economic effect of the seismic safety evaluation has been generally con-cerned. The paper gives a model for estimating the effect of seismic safety evaluation and calculates roughly the economic effect of seismic safety evaluation with some examples.
文摘This study assessed the effect of feeding stacked genetically modified (GM) corn event (MON89034 × MON88017) on embryonic development, adult tissue histology and assessed the possibility of transgenic DNA transfer, using zebrafish as an animal model. Adult zebrafish were separated into male and female groups. After 3 weeks of feeding with experimental diets, males and females were paired once a week and fertilized embryos were collected, then the male and female fish were re-turned to their sex-specific groups. This fertilization and embryo collection process were repeated 3 times. Embryonic morphological measurements were obtained on developing embryos up to 96 hours after fertilization, and then the embryos were fixed in 4% phosphate-buffered paraformal-dehyde for morphologic assessment. At the end of the feeding study, various adult zebrafish tissues were histologically examined for abnormalities. Both zebrafish tissues and embryos were analyzed for presence of plant specific genes and transgenic sequences. No changes or abnormalities were observed in embryonic morphology nor in any of the tissues examined histologically. In addition, no plant DNA reference genes or transgenic DNA were found in any of the analyzed samples. These results demonstrate that the safety and nutrition of MON89034 × MON88017 corn are similar to non-GM corn.
基金supported by a grant from the National High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, N20080753)
文摘The objective of the present study was to evaluate potential adverse effects of diacylglycerol microemulsion (DAGM) in rats/mice. Acute safety evaluation was carried out by giving intragastrically with 20 mL 25% DAG kg-1 body weight of DAGM or water with two groups of mice. Chronic safety evaluation with 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out by setting a control group and 3 different dose groups (n=10 male+10 female) administered with DAGM with 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Relevant parameters of liver and kidney function and biochemistry were determined by standard methods at end point. Acute toxicity study revealed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of DAGM was 20 mL kg-1 body weight in mice. No death was observed at the dose of 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day. Chronic safety evaluation did not show significant changes on hematological, histopathologic, clinical, and biochemical tests when administered at levels of 6.7, 10 and 20 mL kg-1 body weight per day to rats for 30 d. No significant body weight changes were observed in different dosages in both male and female rats. Our results suggested that acute and chronic adverse effects were not observed in histology and clinical parameters in both mice and rats. The results suggested that DAGM is safe at the experimental levels.
基金Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.91315301-10Project of Earthquake Code Compilation and Revising:Postearthquake Field Works-Part 2:Safety Assessment of Buildings under Grant No.14410024701Basic Scientific Research Special Project of IEM,CEA under Grant No.2009A01
文摘This paper describes a set of on-site earthquake safety evaluation systems for buildings, which were developed based on a network platform. The system embedded into the quantitative research results which were completed in accordance with the provisions from Post-earthquake Field Works, Part 2: Safety Assessment of Buildings, GB18208.2-2001, and was further developed into an easy-to-use software platform. The system is aimed at allowing engineering professionals, civil engineeing technicists or earthquake-affected victims on site to assess damaged buildings through a network after earthquakes. The authors studied the function structure, process design of the safety evaluation module, and hierarchical analysis algorithm module of the system in depth, and developed the general architecture design, development technology and database design of the system. Technologies such as hierarchical architecture design and Java EE were used in the system development, and My SQL5 was adopted in the database development. The result is a complete evaluation process of information collection, safety evaluation, and output of damage and safety degrees, as well as query and statistical analysis of identified buildings. The system can play a positive role in sharing expert post-earthquake experience and promoting safety evaluation of buildings on a seismic field.
基金founded by FEDER Funds through Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade-COMPETEby Portuguese Funds through FCT–Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologiathe projects PEst –C/MAT/UI0013/2011 and PEst–OE/ECM/UI4047/2011
文摘The study of earth masses requires numerical methods that provide the quantification of the safety factor without requiring detrimental assumptions. For that, equilibrium analysis can perform fast computations but require assumptions that limit its potentiality. Limit analysis does not require detrimental assumptions but are numerically demanding. This work provides a new approach that combines the advantage of both the equilibrium method and the limit analysis. The defined hybrid model allows probabilistic analysis and optimization approaches without the assumption of interslice forces. It is compared with a published case and used to perform probabilistic studies in both a homogeneous and a layered foundation. Analyses show that the shape of the density probability functions is highly relevant when computing the probability of failure, and soil elasticity hardly affects the safety of factor of the earth mass.
文摘AIM:To discuss the safety of donors during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and the authors' experience with 50 cases. METHODS:Between January 1995 and March 2006,50 patients with end-stage liver disease received LDLT in our department. Donors (at the age of 27-58 years) were healthy and antibody (ABO)-compatible. The protocol of evaluation and selection of donors,choice of surgical methods and strategy applied in the safety evaluation of donors were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 115 candidate donors were evaluated for LDLT at our center. Of these,50 underwent successful hepatectomy for living donation. The elimination rate for donors was 43.5%. Positive hepatitis serology and ABO incompatibility were the main factors for excluding candidates. All donors recovered uneventfully. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 135 mo. The incidence of major and minor medical complications was 12.0% and 28.0%,respectively. CONCLUSION:LDLT provides an excellent approach to the problem of donor shortage in China. With a thorough and complete preoperative workup and meticulous intra-and postoperative management,LDLT can be performed with minimal donor morbidity.
文摘Agencies in Iowa have utilized both overhead flashing beacons and stop-sign mounted beacons. Although several studies have shown that overhead flashing beacons are effective, some concerns have been raised about driver confusion. The main concern is that a driver may interpret a multiface flashing beacon with a red indication for their approach as an all-way stop control. As a result, the Iowa DOT has been advocating use of stop-sign mounted beacons rather than overhead flashing beacons. Since little information is available about this countermeasure, data for intersections with (treatment) and without (control) stop-sign mounted beacons were identified and a cross-sectional analysis conducted (due to few confirmable installation dates). Rural stop-controlled intersections with stop-sign mounted beacons in Iowa (USA) were identified (40 in total). Intersection characteristics such as number of approaches, intersection angle etc. were extracted. Additionally, characteristics of individual approaches such as roadway surface (gravel/paved), advanced stop-sign rumble strips, and advance signing were recorded. One or more control locations were manually selected for each treatment intersection based on matching roadway configuration, presence of lighting, advance stop line rumble strips, number of approaches, channelization, traffic volume, and proximity. Propensity scores were estimated to match 40 control locations for comparison. Negative binomial models for different injury combinations at nighttime and daytime were developed with an indicator variable for presence and absence of stop-sign mounted beacons. Presence of stop-sign mounted beacons was associated with a 5% - 54% reduction in nighttime crashes. Injury nighttime crashes decreased by 54% and total nighttime crashes reduced by 18%.
基金This work is supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51621004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51875187)+1 种基金Hunan Youth Talent Program(Grant No.2020RC3016)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2019JJ40021).
文摘A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometric differences of the people from different countries,the present study aims to establish and validate a finite element lower limb model representing 50th Chinese male size for pedestrian safety research,then compare its biomechanical responses with the general models currently in wide use in the world for pedestrian safety evaluation.Concerning the vehicle-pedestrian impact loading environment,the previously developed lower limb model with three-dimensional muscles was adjusted and validated through the related experiments.Then,the biomechanical responses of the validated model were compared with the Total Human Model for Safety(THUMS)and Advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor(aPLI)models by combing with four typical vehicles.The results showed that both consistency and significant differences of biomechanical responses existed between the present model and the other two models.The injury measurements of the thigh region of the present model showed extremely large differences with the other two models,while the tibia and Medial Collateral Ligament(MCL)injury measurements show similar values.Thus,it can be concluded that directly using the aPLI or THUMS models for Chinese pedestrian safety evaluation is not robust concerning both kinematic responses and injury measurements.
