Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means to promote cotton production in saline-alkali land.A metaanalysis and regression analysis of 49 peer-reviewed studies were conducted using yield data(373 data poin...Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means to promote cotton production in saline-alkali land.A metaanalysis and regression analysis of 49 peer-reviewed studies were conducted using yield data(373 data points),dry matter accumulation(114 data points),and water use efficiency(157 data points)to quantify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency of cotton in saline-alkali land in China for different planting management practices and different growing environments.The results showed that the nitrogen application significantly improved the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency by 34.11%,36.27%,and 33.87%,respectively,compared with no nitrogen application.The largest improvements in the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency occurred in areas where saline-alkali land had been improved for many years,in Eastern China,South Central China,and Northwest China(areas with annual average precipitation≤200 mm or>800 mm,and annual average evaporation≤800 mm or>2400 mm),in areas with trickle irrigation,and fields with a planting density of 100000 to 250000 plants/hm2.Cotton exhibited the optimal response to nitrogen application at a rate of 300-375 kg/hm2,a basal application ratio of 20%-40%,and top-dressing in the cotton bud,flowering boll,and full boll stages.The effect of nitrogen application increased as the salinity increased.A suitable nitrogen application rate,top-dressing ratio,and top-dressing period are crucial for increasing cotton production in saline-alkali land,although environmental differences and planting measures have to be considered.This study provided information on the correct application of nitrogen fertilizer to maximize its benefits and suggests controlling nitrogen fertilizer inputs in agriculture to protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi can form symbiosis with 90%of the vascular plants and play important roles in ecosystem.To realize the AM fungal colonization at different succession stages in saline-alkali land and sc...Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi can form symbiosis with 90%of the vascular plants and play important roles in ecosystem.To realize the AM fungal colonization at different succession stages in saline-alkali land and screen AM fungi species with great functions,roots and soil samples were collected from the three succession stages of Songnen saline-alkali grassland.The soil properties and AM fungal colonization were measured,and the fungus distributed extensively in three stages was annotated by sequencing for AML1/AML2 target,subsequently,maize was selected as the host to verify its colonization.The results showed that the soil properties improved with the succession of saline-alkali grassland.The plants’communities of the three stages could be colonized by AM fungi,and the colonization rate of Leymus chinensis(the third stage)ranged from 66.67%to 100%,Puccinellia tenuiflora(the second stage)ranged from 50%to 80%,while the Suaeda glauca(the first stage)was only 35%–60%.Glomeraceae sp1 was identified as the dominant AM fungi species which occurred frequently in the succession of saline-alkali land with the isolation frequency,relative abundance,and importance value of 100%,18.1%,and 59.1%,respectively.The colonization rate of Glomeraceae sp1 in maize ranged from 80%to 87%and similar mycorrhizal characteristics were detected in the roots of P.tenuiflora,S.glauca,and L.chinensis,indicating that Glomeraceae sp1 colonized the samples in the field.The correlation matrix indicated that colonization rate,colonization intensity,and vesicle abundance were closely related to soil conditions most,and they were related significantly to all the soil properties except cellulase activity.Besides,redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that soil properties drove the changes of AM fungal colonization and sporulation.These results will provide theoretical support for realizing the relationship between AM fungal colonization and soil conditions,and also for the exploration of AM fungi species with great functions.展开更多
Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi are widely distributed in various habitats,and the community composition varies in response to the changing environmental conditions.To explore the response of community composition to ...Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi are widely distributed in various habitats,and the community composition varies in response to the changing environmental conditions.To explore the response of community composition to the succession of saline-alkali land,soil samples were collected from three succession stages of Songnen saline-alkali grassland.Subsequently,the soil characteristics were determined and the AM fungi in soil samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.Then,the response relationship between community composition and soil characteristics was studied by Canonical correlation and Pearson analyses.The soil properties improved with the succession of saline-alkali grassland.There was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the first and second succession stage(Suaeda glauca and Puccinellia tenuiflora,respectively),and the microbial community had a dense association network at the third stage(Leymus chinensis);in addition,each succession stage had significantly enriched amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)and functional pathways.All the soil properties except cellulase activity had significant effects on community composition.Furthermore,the pH,organic carbon,organic matter,and sucrase activity significantly correlated with alpha diversity indices.These results provide a theoretical basis for realizing the significant changes in AM fungal community and soil properties during the saline-alkali grassland vegetation succession.展开更多
To illuminate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and geochemical driving mechanism of soil pH in the Nenjiang River Basin,the National Multi-objective Regional Geochemical Survey data of topsoil,the Second ...To illuminate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and geochemical driving mechanism of soil pH in the Nenjiang River Basin,the National Multi-objective Regional Geochemical Survey data of topsoil,the Second National Soil Survey data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)were analyzed.The areas of neutral and alkaline soil decreased by 21100 km^(2)and 30500 km^(2),respectively,while that of strongly alkaline,extremely alkaline,and strongly acidic soil increased by 19600 km^(2),18200 km^(2),and 15500 km^(2),respectively,during the past 30 years.NDVI decreased with the increase of soil pH when soil pH>8.0,and it was reversed when soil pH<5.0.There were significant differences in soil pH with various surface cover types,which showed an ascending order:Arbor<reed<maize<rice<high and medium-covered meadow<low-covered meadow<Puccinellia.The weathering products of minerals rich in K_(2)O,Na_(2)O,CaO,and MgO entered into the low plain and were enriched in different parts by water transportation and lake deposition,while Fe and Al remained in the low hilly areas,which was the geochemical driving mechanism.The results of this study will provide scientific basis for making scientific and rational decisions on soil acidification and salinization.展开更多
In this paper,farming and crop cultivation effects of farming tools with"drill"which are invented independently in China are clarified firstly,containing horizontal cutting of soil,super deep ploughing,deep ...In this paper,farming and crop cultivation effects of farming tools with"drill"which are invented independently in China are clarified firstly,containing horizontal cutting of soil,super deep ploughing,deep loosening and not disturbing soil layer,granular soil,soil not easy to bond and harden,and one-time land preparation.It is a significant path to deeply develop and use the"five natural resources"not fully utilized by human beings(soil resources at plough bottom and below,saline-alkali land,natural rainfall,solar energy,oxygen)and realize"mitigation"of five natural disasters(flood,drought,high temperature,low temperature and climate warming).In the past 10 years,the farming tools have been applied in 40 kinds of crops in 26 provinces of China.Compared with vertical breaking of soil by traditional"plow",the amount of loose soil,water storage and dissolved oxygen in cultivated land increased by more than one time,and yield increased by 10%-50%.They have been applied in transformation of saline-alkali land in 10 provinces,and yield increased by 30%-150%.After Fenlong treatment for 1 and 2 years,biomass of sugarcane increased by 68.9%and 50.1%respectively.Net photosynthetic rates of Gramineous crops were improved by 6.82%-11.94%,while net photosynthetic rates of Legume crops were improved by 20.32%-32.08%.After"spiral drill","vertical two-knife drill","vertical three-knife drill"and other hollow series of Fenlong farming toolss were invented newly.They were the most advanced farming tools with large soil discharge and small resistance,and could be equipped in large-,medium-and small-size modern Fenlong agricultural machinery as key technology,thereby setting up a new"standard stalk"for world agricultural reform and bringing benefit to mankind.展开更多
基金supported by a start-up from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52069026)Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps“strong base”science and technology leading talent project(Grant No.2022CB013-02)the Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(Grant No.2021BC003).
文摘Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means to promote cotton production in saline-alkali land.A metaanalysis and regression analysis of 49 peer-reviewed studies were conducted using yield data(373 data points),dry matter accumulation(114 data points),and water use efficiency(157 data points)to quantify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency of cotton in saline-alkali land in China for different planting management practices and different growing environments.The results showed that the nitrogen application significantly improved the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency by 34.11%,36.27%,and 33.87%,respectively,compared with no nitrogen application.The largest improvements in the yield,dry matter accumulation,and water use efficiency occurred in areas where saline-alkali land had been improved for many years,in Eastern China,South Central China,and Northwest China(areas with annual average precipitation≤200 mm or>800 mm,and annual average evaporation≤800 mm or>2400 mm),in areas with trickle irrigation,and fields with a planting density of 100000 to 250000 plants/hm2.Cotton exhibited the optimal response to nitrogen application at a rate of 300-375 kg/hm2,a basal application ratio of 20%-40%,and top-dressing in the cotton bud,flowering boll,and full boll stages.The effect of nitrogen application increased as the salinity increased.A suitable nitrogen application rate,top-dressing ratio,and top-dressing period are crucial for increasing cotton production in saline-alkali land,although environmental differences and planting measures have to be considered.This study provided information on the correct application of nitrogen fertilizer to maximize its benefits and suggests controlling nitrogen fertilizer inputs in agriculture to protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable agricultural development.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China with the Grant No.31601986Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBH-Q16005).
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi can form symbiosis with 90%of the vascular plants and play important roles in ecosystem.To realize the AM fungal colonization at different succession stages in saline-alkali land and screen AM fungi species with great functions,roots and soil samples were collected from the three succession stages of Songnen saline-alkali grassland.The soil properties and AM fungal colonization were measured,and the fungus distributed extensively in three stages was annotated by sequencing for AML1/AML2 target,subsequently,maize was selected as the host to verify its colonization.The results showed that the soil properties improved with the succession of saline-alkali grassland.The plants’communities of the three stages could be colonized by AM fungi,and the colonization rate of Leymus chinensis(the third stage)ranged from 66.67%to 100%,Puccinellia tenuiflora(the second stage)ranged from 50%to 80%,while the Suaeda glauca(the first stage)was only 35%–60%.Glomeraceae sp1 was identified as the dominant AM fungi species which occurred frequently in the succession of saline-alkali land with the isolation frequency,relative abundance,and importance value of 100%,18.1%,and 59.1%,respectively.The colonization rate of Glomeraceae sp1 in maize ranged from 80%to 87%and similar mycorrhizal characteristics were detected in the roots of P.tenuiflora,S.glauca,and L.chinensis,indicating that Glomeraceae sp1 colonized the samples in the field.The correlation matrix indicated that colonization rate,colonization intensity,and vesicle abundance were closely related to soil conditions most,and they were related significantly to all the soil properties except cellulase activity.Besides,redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that soil properties drove the changes of AM fungal colonization and sporulation.These results will provide theoretical support for realizing the relationship between AM fungal colonization and soil conditions,and also for the exploration of AM fungi species with great functions.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601986)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBH-Q16005).
文摘Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi are widely distributed in various habitats,and the community composition varies in response to the changing environmental conditions.To explore the response of community composition to the succession of saline-alkali land,soil samples were collected from three succession stages of Songnen saline-alkali grassland.Subsequently,the soil characteristics were determined and the AM fungi in soil samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing.Then,the response relationship between community composition and soil characteristics was studied by Canonical correlation and Pearson analyses.The soil properties improved with the succession of saline-alkali grassland.There was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the first and second succession stage(Suaeda glauca and Puccinellia tenuiflora,respectively),and the microbial community had a dense association network at the third stage(Leymus chinensis);in addition,each succession stage had significantly enriched amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)and functional pathways.All the soil properties except cellulase activity had significant effects on community composition.Furthermore,the pH,organic carbon,organic matter,and sucrase activity significantly correlated with alpha diversity indices.These results provide a theoretical basis for realizing the significant changes in AM fungal community and soil properties during the saline-alkali grassland vegetation succession.
基金supported by China Geological Survey(DD20230554,DD20230089)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA28020302)the funding project of Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey(QCJJ2022-40).
文摘To illuminate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and geochemical driving mechanism of soil pH in the Nenjiang River Basin,the National Multi-objective Regional Geochemical Survey data of topsoil,the Second National Soil Survey data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)were analyzed.The areas of neutral and alkaline soil decreased by 21100 km^(2)and 30500 km^(2),respectively,while that of strongly alkaline,extremely alkaline,and strongly acidic soil increased by 19600 km^(2),18200 km^(2),and 15500 km^(2),respectively,during the past 30 years.NDVI decreased with the increase of soil pH when soil pH>8.0,and it was reversed when soil pH<5.0.There were significant differences in soil pH with various surface cover types,which showed an ascending order:Arbor<reed<maize<rice<high and medium-covered meadow<low-covered meadow<Puccinellia.The weathering products of minerals rich in K_(2)O,Na_(2)O,CaO,and MgO entered into the low plain and were enriched in different parts by water transportation and lake deposition,while Fe and Al remained in the low hilly areas,which was the geochemical driving mechanism.The results of this study will provide scientific basis for making scientific and rational decisions on soil acidification and salinization.
基金Special Fund Project of Guangxi Innovation Driven Development(Guike AA17204037)Major Science and Technology Projects in Guangxi(Guike AA16380017)Team Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YT60).
文摘In this paper,farming and crop cultivation effects of farming tools with"drill"which are invented independently in China are clarified firstly,containing horizontal cutting of soil,super deep ploughing,deep loosening and not disturbing soil layer,granular soil,soil not easy to bond and harden,and one-time land preparation.It is a significant path to deeply develop and use the"five natural resources"not fully utilized by human beings(soil resources at plough bottom and below,saline-alkali land,natural rainfall,solar energy,oxygen)and realize"mitigation"of five natural disasters(flood,drought,high temperature,low temperature and climate warming).In the past 10 years,the farming tools have been applied in 40 kinds of crops in 26 provinces of China.Compared with vertical breaking of soil by traditional"plow",the amount of loose soil,water storage and dissolved oxygen in cultivated land increased by more than one time,and yield increased by 10%-50%.They have been applied in transformation of saline-alkali land in 10 provinces,and yield increased by 30%-150%.After Fenlong treatment for 1 and 2 years,biomass of sugarcane increased by 68.9%and 50.1%respectively.Net photosynthetic rates of Gramineous crops were improved by 6.82%-11.94%,while net photosynthetic rates of Legume crops were improved by 20.32%-32.08%.After"spiral drill","vertical two-knife drill","vertical three-knife drill"and other hollow series of Fenlong farming toolss were invented newly.They were the most advanced farming tools with large soil discharge and small resistance,and could be equipped in large-,medium-and small-size modern Fenlong agricultural machinery as key technology,thereby setting up a new"standard stalk"for world agricultural reform and bringing benefit to mankind.
