Objective: To analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol content and anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Method: 300 pregnant and postpartum women who were admitted from January 2021 to Dec...Objective: To analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol content and anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Method: 300 pregnant and postpartum women who were admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. They were all tested with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). 40 pregnant women with anxiety and depression were selected as the observation group, and 50 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group, adopting logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between salivary cortisol and postpartum anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Result: The salivary cortisol levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group before bedtime, after waking up the next day, 15 minutes after waking up, 30 minutes after waking up, 60 minutes after waking up, and 1 hour before lunch (p < 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety were not related to age, weight, gestational age, negative events, or history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth (p > 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety are closely related to salivary cortisol levels and educational background (p Conclusion: There is a close correlation between anxiety and depression and an increase in cortisol levels, suggesting that the salivary cortisol awakening response during pregnancy has a predictive effect on the occurrence of postpartum depression.展开更多
Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationsh...Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationship thereof with bone density. Furthermore, we investigated whether the salivary Ca concentration could be an effective biomarker in bone evaluations using salivary cortisol. This study targeted 188 healthy female college students (18 - 25 years old). Calcaneus bone density (Speed of Sound: SOS) was measured using an ultrasonic bone density measurement device. Food intake was calculated via a food intake frequency survey. The saliva of subjects was collected in order to measure the cortisol concentration using an enzyme immunoassay, while the salivary Ca concentration was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship between salivary cortisol and SOS was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.13, indicating a negative correlation and leading to the observation that those with lower salivary cortisol levels tended to have higher SOS. The relationship between salivary cortisol and salivary Ca concentration was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of +0.15, indicating a positive correlation and leading to the observation that those with higher salivary cortisol concentrations tended to have higher salivary Ca concentrations. No significant correlation was observed in the relationship between salivary Ca concentration and SOS. Because the cortisol in saliva responds more sensitively to acute stress than to chronic stress, this may not have had obvious significance. Furthermore, the salivary Ca concentration indicated large fluctuations, depending on the daily external conditions, particularly in terms of food;therefore, it is believed that the presence or absence of dietary intake before the survey affected the results. The above results suggest that bone density may decrease, while salivary Ca concentration may increase when salivary cortisol concentration increases due to stress.展开更多
Objective The present study aimed to test whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields(RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase,immunoglobulin A(IgA),and co...Objective The present study aimed to test whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields(RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase,immunoglobulin A(IgA),and cortisol levels. Methods Fifty seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three different experimental scenarios(22 participants to scenario 1,26 to scenario 2,and 9 to scenario 3).Each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions.The main RF-EMF source was a GSM-900-MHz antenna located at the outer wall of the building.In scenarios 1 and 2,the first,third,and fifth sessions were'low'(median power flux density 5.2μW/m^2) exposure.The second session was'high'(2126.8μW/m^2), and the fourth session was'medium'(153.6μW/m^2) in scenario 1,and vice versa in scenario 2.Scenario 3 had four'low'exposure conditions,followed by a'high'exposure condition.Biomedical parameters were collected by saliva samples three times a session.Exposure levels were created by shielding curtains.Results In scenario 3 from session 4 to session 5(from'low'to'high'exposure),an increase of cortisol was detected,while in scenarios 1 and 2,a higher concentration of alpha-amylase related to the baseline was identified as compared to that in scenario 3.IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure.Conclusions RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP-guidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.展开更多
Aim: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to improve blood flow and autonomic balance and thereby induce a relaxation effect, which suggests its use for stress management. However, the relaxation effect of WBV traini...Aim: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to improve blood flow and autonomic balance and thereby induce a relaxation effect, which suggests its use for stress management. However, the relaxation effect of WBV training has not been objectively evaluated thus far. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological response to WBV training by measuring peripheral blood flow and salivary components using non-invasive techniques. Methods: Participants included 10 healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women;mean age 33.8 ± 2.3) who provided oral consent and served as their own control. Each participant performed 15 types of stretching exercises for 10.5 min on the Power Plate? and cutaneous blood flow and salivary components were measured before and after the exercise. One week later, all participants performed the same exercise regimen for 10.5 min on a non-vibratory plate, and blood flow measurement and salivary tests were performed in a similar manner. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in the 4th digit for 1 min using the laser speckle flowgraphy. Saliva samples were evaluated for cortisol levels and α-amylase activity. To determine the effects of stretching exercises on the Power Plate? vs a non-vibratory plate, the differences in pre- and post-exercise peripheral blood flow, salivary cortisol levels, and salivary α-amylase activity were statistically evaluated by the t-test. Results: Mean blood flow before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 122.0 ± 54.2 and 156.7 ± 51.2, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, blood flow was 136.6 ± 47.9 and 146.3 ± 38.3, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.215). Mean cortisol levels before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? were 266.6 ± 125 and 204.9 ± 61.6, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the levels were 439.0 ± 121.7 and 425.8 ± 118.8, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.384). Mean α-amylase activity before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 3.74 ± 2.89 and 5.40 ± 3.76, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the activity was 3.95 ± 2.23 and 3.28 ± 1.73. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.115). Conclusion: Our results showed that a brief WBV training increased peripheral blood flow, reduced cortisol levels, and increased α-amylase activity. WBV appears to regulate autonomic activity, in particular, suppress sympathetic activity and improve bodily functions. Thus WBV exercise may be conductive for stress management, but further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal duration of WBV training for stress relief.展开更多
The Japanese Orthopedic Association proposed a concept called locomotive syndrome (LS) to identify middle-aged and older adults at high risk of requiring health care services because of problems with locomotion-associ...The Japanese Orthopedic Association proposed a concept called locomotive syndrome (LS) to identify middle-aged and older adults at high risk of requiring health care services because of problems with locomotion-associated lower muscle mass. To prevent LS, it is important to increase muscle mass and muscle strength in middle-age by continuous resistance training. A total of 38 men and women were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Body composition, physical strength and salivary cortisol and cortisone were analyzed. The exercise intervention program was performed by individual muscle endurance level. Body weight, muscle weight and basal metabolism were increased after exercise intervention. The 30-second sit-up test and 3-minute walking were increased, and the 10-time sit-to-stand was decreased significantly. This may be related to increase of leg and abdominal muscular strength. The exercise intervention program increased salivary 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activities significantly. These results suggested that 11β-HDS2 became the index for the increase of muscular strength to prevent LS.展开更多
This study assessed multiple salivary and plasma markers before and after incremental short-term maximal aerobic exercise and in a non-exercising control in conjunction with cognitive testing. Subjects: Apparently hea...This study assessed multiple salivary and plasma markers before and after incremental short-term maximal aerobic exercise and in a non-exercising control in conjunction with cognitive testing. Subjects: Apparently healthy 18 - 30 years old low CVD risk females participated (n = 19). Methods: Subjects completed two conditions: 1) exercise: short maximal treadmill exercise and cognitive assessment pre- and post-exercise and, 2) non-exercise: with cognitive assessment timed to match testing in the exercising condition. Non-stimulated, timed salivary samples and venous blood were collected before and after exercise and after recovery. Results: Saliva: Over time α-amylase increased in both exercise and non-exercising conditions. Exercise had increases in α-amylase at time matched control points up to 36% greater than the non-exercising conditions. Following exercise and recovery from exercise α-amylase in-creased compared to baseline (ranging from 47% to 290%). Baseline cortisol was 33% higher than post-exercise and 59% higher than recovery irrespective of exercise. Plasma: NEFA was 50% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline without exercise and 36% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline with exercise. Glucose and lactate were, 18% and 50% higher respectively, after exercise compared to baseline and recovery with exercise. Post-exercise glycerol was 11% higher than recovery. Differences between Conditions: Post-exercise glucose and lactate were 20% and 40% higher respectively with exercise. Glycerol was 11% lower after exercise. Conclusions: We demonstrated that acute exercise coupled with cognitive task increased α-amylase levels, but not cortisol, potentially due to a differential stress response, but most likely due to the timing of sample collection.展开更多
特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test:TSST)是国外应用广泛的社会心理应激测试手段,然而还没有研究对其在中国的适用性进行报告。本研究以健康大学生为被试,分别采用主观应激报告(简明心境量表和5点量表)和客观应激参数(心率...特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test:TSST)是国外应用广泛的社会心理应激测试手段,然而还没有研究对其在中国的适用性进行报告。本研究以健康大学生为被试,分别采用主观应激报告(简明心境量表和5点量表)和客观应激参数(心率和唾液皮质醇)为指标,探讨TSST在中国的适用情况以及性别因素对个体在TSST应激情境中的影响。结果发现,TSST诱发了中国被试显著的应激反应,在经历了TSST情境后,被试主观报告紧张水平增加,同时心跳加速,唾液皮质醇水平增加。即使女性被试主观报告紧张与不安的程度显著高于男性,但是男性和女性在TSST应激情境下的心跳和唾液皮质醇指标没有差异。研究结果提示,TSST在中国被试中具有良好的适用性,可以利用其开展与社会心理应激相关的研究。男女被试在与成就动机相关的应激源(例如,TSST)中的客观应激参数差异不明显。展开更多
文摘Objective: To analyze the correlation between salivary cortisol content and anxiety and depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Method: 300 pregnant and postpartum women who were admitted from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. They were all tested with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). 40 pregnant women with anxiety and depression were selected as the observation group, and 50 normal pregnant women were selected as the control group, adopting logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between salivary cortisol and postpartum anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Result: The salivary cortisol levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group before bedtime, after waking up the next day, 15 minutes after waking up, 30 minutes after waking up, 60 minutes after waking up, and 1 hour before lunch (p < 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety were not related to age, weight, gestational age, negative events, or history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth (p > 0.05). Maternal depression and anxiety are closely related to salivary cortisol levels and educational background (p Conclusion: There is a close correlation between anxiety and depression and an increase in cortisol levels, suggesting that the salivary cortisol awakening response during pregnancy has a predictive effect on the occurrence of postpartum depression.
文摘Although cortisol is believed to increase the osteoclast activity and accentuate bone resorption, few studies are available on cortisol and bone density. This study uses salivary cortisol to investigate the relationship thereof with bone density. Furthermore, we investigated whether the salivary Ca concentration could be an effective biomarker in bone evaluations using salivary cortisol. This study targeted 188 healthy female college students (18 - 25 years old). Calcaneus bone density (Speed of Sound: SOS) was measured using an ultrasonic bone density measurement device. Food intake was calculated via a food intake frequency survey. The saliva of subjects was collected in order to measure the cortisol concentration using an enzyme immunoassay, while the salivary Ca concentration was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The relationship between salivary cortisol and SOS was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.13, indicating a negative correlation and leading to the observation that those with lower salivary cortisol levels tended to have higher SOS. The relationship between salivary cortisol and salivary Ca concentration was not significant, with a correlation coefficient of +0.15, indicating a positive correlation and leading to the observation that those with higher salivary cortisol concentrations tended to have higher salivary Ca concentrations. No significant correlation was observed in the relationship between salivary Ca concentration and SOS. Because the cortisol in saliva responds more sensitively to acute stress than to chronic stress, this may not have had obvious significance. Furthermore, the salivary Ca concentration indicated large fluctuations, depending on the daily external conditions, particularly in terms of food;therefore, it is believed that the presence or absence of dietary intake before the survey affected the results. The above results suggest that bone density may decrease, while salivary Ca concentration may increase when salivary cortisol concentration increases due to stress.
基金funded by the Land Salzburg Federal Government,Science Department,and Mr.Daniell Porsche,Chairman of the Paracelsus-School at St.Jakob am Thurn,Salzburg,Austria.
文摘Objective The present study aimed to test whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields(RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase,immunoglobulin A(IgA),and cortisol levels. Methods Fifty seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three different experimental scenarios(22 participants to scenario 1,26 to scenario 2,and 9 to scenario 3).Each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions.The main RF-EMF source was a GSM-900-MHz antenna located at the outer wall of the building.In scenarios 1 and 2,the first,third,and fifth sessions were'low'(median power flux density 5.2μW/m^2) exposure.The second session was'high'(2126.8μW/m^2), and the fourth session was'medium'(153.6μW/m^2) in scenario 1,and vice versa in scenario 2.Scenario 3 had four'low'exposure conditions,followed by a'high'exposure condition.Biomedical parameters were collected by saliva samples three times a session.Exposure levels were created by shielding curtains.Results In scenario 3 from session 4 to session 5(from'low'to'high'exposure),an increase of cortisol was detected,while in scenarios 1 and 2,a higher concentration of alpha-amylase related to the baseline was identified as compared to that in scenario 3.IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure.Conclusions RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP-guidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.
文摘Aim: Whole body vibration (WBV) is thought to improve blood flow and autonomic balance and thereby induce a relaxation effect, which suggests its use for stress management. However, the relaxation effect of WBV training has not been objectively evaluated thus far. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological response to WBV training by measuring peripheral blood flow and salivary components using non-invasive techniques. Methods: Participants included 10 healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women;mean age 33.8 ± 2.3) who provided oral consent and served as their own control. Each participant performed 15 types of stretching exercises for 10.5 min on the Power Plate? and cutaneous blood flow and salivary components were measured before and after the exercise. One week later, all participants performed the same exercise regimen for 10.5 min on a non-vibratory plate, and blood flow measurement and salivary tests were performed in a similar manner. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in the 4th digit for 1 min using the laser speckle flowgraphy. Saliva samples were evaluated for cortisol levels and α-amylase activity. To determine the effects of stretching exercises on the Power Plate? vs a non-vibratory plate, the differences in pre- and post-exercise peripheral blood flow, salivary cortisol levels, and salivary α-amylase activity were statistically evaluated by the t-test. Results: Mean blood flow before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 122.0 ± 54.2 and 156.7 ± 51.2, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, blood flow was 136.6 ± 47.9 and 146.3 ± 38.3, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.215). Mean cortisol levels before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? were 266.6 ± 125 and 204.9 ± 61.6, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the levels were 439.0 ± 121.7 and 425.8 ± 118.8, respectively. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.384). Mean α-amylase activity before and after the exercise on the Power Plate? was 3.74 ± 2.89 and 5.40 ± 3.76, respectively;on a non-vibratory plate, the activity was 3.95 ± 2.23 and 3.28 ± 1.73. The differences in pre-exercise and post-exercise values of the two training methods were not significant (p = 0.115). Conclusion: Our results showed that a brief WBV training increased peripheral blood flow, reduced cortisol levels, and increased α-amylase activity. WBV appears to regulate autonomic activity, in particular, suppress sympathetic activity and improve bodily functions. Thus WBV exercise may be conductive for stress management, but further investigation is warranted to determine the optimal duration of WBV training for stress relief.
文摘The Japanese Orthopedic Association proposed a concept called locomotive syndrome (LS) to identify middle-aged and older adults at high risk of requiring health care services because of problems with locomotion-associated lower muscle mass. To prevent LS, it is important to increase muscle mass and muscle strength in middle-age by continuous resistance training. A total of 38 men and women were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Body composition, physical strength and salivary cortisol and cortisone were analyzed. The exercise intervention program was performed by individual muscle endurance level. Body weight, muscle weight and basal metabolism were increased after exercise intervention. The 30-second sit-up test and 3-minute walking were increased, and the 10-time sit-to-stand was decreased significantly. This may be related to increase of leg and abdominal muscular strength. The exercise intervention program increased salivary 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) activities significantly. These results suggested that 11β-HDS2 became the index for the increase of muscular strength to prevent LS.
文摘This study assessed multiple salivary and plasma markers before and after incremental short-term maximal aerobic exercise and in a non-exercising control in conjunction with cognitive testing. Subjects: Apparently healthy 18 - 30 years old low CVD risk females participated (n = 19). Methods: Subjects completed two conditions: 1) exercise: short maximal treadmill exercise and cognitive assessment pre- and post-exercise and, 2) non-exercise: with cognitive assessment timed to match testing in the exercising condition. Non-stimulated, timed salivary samples and venous blood were collected before and after exercise and after recovery. Results: Saliva: Over time α-amylase increased in both exercise and non-exercising conditions. Exercise had increases in α-amylase at time matched control points up to 36% greater than the non-exercising conditions. Following exercise and recovery from exercise α-amylase in-creased compared to baseline (ranging from 47% to 290%). Baseline cortisol was 33% higher than post-exercise and 59% higher than recovery irrespective of exercise. Plasma: NEFA was 50% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline without exercise and 36% higher at post-exercise and recovery compared to baseline with exercise. Glucose and lactate were, 18% and 50% higher respectively, after exercise compared to baseline and recovery with exercise. Post-exercise glycerol was 11% higher than recovery. Differences between Conditions: Post-exercise glucose and lactate were 20% and 40% higher respectively with exercise. Glycerol was 11% lower after exercise. Conclusions: We demonstrated that acute exercise coupled with cognitive task increased α-amylase levels, but not cortisol, potentially due to a differential stress response, but most likely due to the timing of sample collection.
文摘特里尔社会应激测试(Trier Social Stress Test:TSST)是国外应用广泛的社会心理应激测试手段,然而还没有研究对其在中国的适用性进行报告。本研究以健康大学生为被试,分别采用主观应激报告(简明心境量表和5点量表)和客观应激参数(心率和唾液皮质醇)为指标,探讨TSST在中国的适用情况以及性别因素对个体在TSST应激情境中的影响。结果发现,TSST诱发了中国被试显著的应激反应,在经历了TSST情境后,被试主观报告紧张水平增加,同时心跳加速,唾液皮质醇水平增加。即使女性被试主观报告紧张与不安的程度显著高于男性,但是男性和女性在TSST应激情境下的心跳和唾液皮质醇指标没有差异。研究结果提示,TSST在中国被试中具有良好的适用性,可以利用其开展与社会心理应激相关的研究。男女被试在与成就动机相关的应激源(例如,TSST)中的客观应激参数差异不明显。
