One of the most important goals of EU nature and water framework directives is to ensure healthy aquatic ecosystems by the protection of the most valuable species and habitats form the Natura 2000 network, while at th...One of the most important goals of EU nature and water framework directives is to ensure healthy aquatic ecosystems by the protection of the most valuable species and habitats form the Natura 2000 network, while at the same time ensuring a balance between water/nature protection and the sustainable use of nature’s natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of four Romanian salty plain lakes included in Natura 2000 Network, in order to assess the degree of organic pollution and to generate the knowledge required for the design and implementation of appropriate measures for maintaining the balance between the water protection and the sustainable use of these protected ecosystems. The water and sediment sampling was performed in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016), in September and the following standard parameters have been determined: pH, chemical oxygen consumption (COC), the degree of trophicity and salinity of the environment, metals content, microbiological indicators and microbial physiological groups involved in nutrient cycling. The pH ranged from 7.56 to 8.93, close or above the upper normal limit of 8.5, being correlated with a high salinity characteristic of chlorinated, sulphated, high sodium and magnesium content waters. Despite the similar values recorded for the physico-chemical parameters in the two consecutive years suggesting a certain degree of stability of the investigated aquatic ecosystems, the COC values indicate a high degree of hypertrophy, which could be attributed to the reduced surface area, ecological pisciculture and agriculture input. The microbiological parameters revealed the existence of both recent and chronic fecal pollution source. The high hypertrophy degree could represent a positive premise for the high productivity of the investigated ecosystems, but also an alarm signal for excessive organic pollution, with the risk of redox potential decrease which can affect the fish and other life forms. Consequently, it is necessary to identify the sources of pollution and implement the appropriate measures to minimize the negative impact of organic contamination on the status of the respective ecosystems (water quality, biotic components) in order to maintain the health of both ecosystems and the surrounding human communities, allowing at the same time a sustainable use of the local resources.展开更多
The total amount of 100 subjects were contributed in this review and all were the students who are studying in Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,Pakistan.The bilirubin is metabolized in the gut which produced a col...The total amount of 100 subjects were contributed in this review and all were the students who are studying in Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,Pakistan.The bilirubin is metabolized in the gut which produced a colorless pigment known as urobilinogen.It is by-product of bilirubin which is used to break down the red blood cells in hemolysis.Salty food contains usually more minerals and vitamins while sweet food is enriched with carbohydrates,water and many other fats soluble substances.Every person has a unique taste according to their taste buds.A questionnaire based was made to relate the urobilinogen with the food(salty or sweet).Urinalysis is a method which is used to measure the urobilinogen in urine.It was concluded that there is a scientific relation between the presence of urobilinogen in urine with eating of salty or sugary food.Table no.1 represents that urobilinogen play important role in the choice of eating either salty food more or sweet.展开更多
The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspart...The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspartic acid(D)and glutamic acid(E),or peptide fragments composed of arginine(R),constitute the characteristic taste structural basis of salty peptides of S.rugosoannulata.The taste intensity of the salty peptide positively correlates with its concentration within a specific concentration range(0.25–1.0 mg/mL).The receptor more easily recognizes the first amino acid residue at the N-terminal of salty peptides and the aspartic acid residue in the peptides.GLU513,ASP707,and VAL508 are the critical amino acid residues for the receptor to recognize salty peptides.TRPV1 is specifically the receptor for recognizing salty peptides.Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the main driving forces for the interactions between salty peptides and TRPV1 receptors.KSWDDFFTR has the most potent binding capacity with the receptor and has tremendous potential for application in sodium salt substitution.This study confirmed the taste receptor that specifically recognizes salty peptides,analyzed the receptor-peptide binding interaction,and provided a new idea for understanding the taste receptor perception of salty peptides.展开更多
To study the flashover characteristics of the fog water in saline-alkali areas for high-speed railway OSC insulators,the spatial distributions of both the potential and electric field of soiled insulators in the prese...To study the flashover characteristics of the fog water in saline-alkali areas for high-speed railway OSC insulators,the spatial distributions of both the potential and electric field of soiled insulators in the presence of salty fog are analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics,a multi-physics coupling software.Furthermore,to analyze the effect of the contamination of insulators due to salty fog water,a saline solution is used for staining an insulator sample by using the solid coating method.In an artificial climate chamber,the salty fog environment is simulated,and the flashover voltage for different salty fog water conductivities and surface staining are obtained.The salt-density correction coefficient K is also proposed.It provides a strong basis for the selection of railway insulators in saline-alkali areas.The results show that the salty fog water changes the original surface equivalent salt density,ρESDD,by wetting the existing fouling layer on the surface of the insulator,so that the original surface contamination layer becomes equivalent to KρESDD;the smaller is the value ofρESDD of the insulator surface,the larger is the value of K;the surface of the same insulator is dirty,and as the concentration of salty fog-water increases,K also increases.展开更多
PORCINE BBC CHILDREN'S ICON FALLS FOUL OF OVERZEALOUS CENSORSShe may be one of the BBC's most popular cultural exports to China since Sherlock,but it appears that the beloved children's character Peppa Pig...PORCINE BBC CHILDREN'S ICON FALLS FOUL OF OVERZEALOUS CENSORSShe may be one of the BBC's most popular cultural exports to China since Sherlock,but it appears that the beloved children's character Peppa Pig's goose has been abruptly cooked—on the internet,at least.Peppa's rise began when she was seen as a good tool展开更多
Independence among leaf economics,leaf hydraulics and leaf size confers plants great capability in adapting to heterogeneous environments.However,it remains unclear whether the independence of the leaf traits revealed...Independence among leaf economics,leaf hydraulics and leaf size confers plants great capability in adapting to heterogeneous environments.However,it remains unclear whether the independence of the leaf traits revealed across species still holds within species,especially under stressed conditions.Here,a suite of traits in these dimensions were measured in leaves and roots of a typical mangrove species,Ceriops tagal,which grows in habitats with a similar sunny and hot environment but different soil salinity in southern China.Compared with C.tagal under low soil salinity,C.tagal under high soil salinity had lower photosynthetic capacity,as indicated directly by a lower leaf nitrogen concentration and higher water use efficiency,and indirectly by a higher investment in defense function and thinner palisade tissue;had lower water transport capacity,as evidenced by thinner leaf minor veins and thinner root vessels;and also had much smaller single leaf area.Leaf economics,hydraulics and leaf size of the mangrove species appear to be coordinated as one trait dimension,which likely stemmed from covariation of soil water and nutrient availability along the salinity gradient.The intraspecific leaf trait relationship under a stressful environment is insightful for our understanding of plant adaption to the multifarious environments.展开更多
Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commerci...Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.展开更多
<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soil salinization is one of the major causes of land degradation. In Senegal, this phenomenon continues to grow, making soils unsu...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soil salinization is one of the major causes of land degradation. In Senegal, this phenomenon continues to grow, making soils unsuitable for agriculture. To rehabilitate salty lands, one of the recommended strategies is the use of salt-tolerant plants. Among them, plants of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarinaceae</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> family form a relationship with symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria. It has been shown that symbiotic microorganisms play an important role in the establishment of tolerant plants in saline conditions (Djighaly </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., 2018). They improve plant performance and reduce transplant shock under salt stress conditions (Diagne </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., 2014). These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers. However, inocula containing symbiotic microorganisms are either too expensive or unavailable in many developing countries. The aim of this study is to test alternatively affordable and low-tech solutions to promote symbiotic interactions such as Casuarina crushed nodule, Casuarina rhizosphere soil and Casuarina leaves compost that may contain symbiotic microorganisms and also nutrients such as N and phosphorus. Two species of Casuarina (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina equisetifolia</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. and </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Miq.) were grown in the greenhouse on sterile soil to which an amendment was added (Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina Rhizospheric soil or Casuarina leaves compost). Plants were subjected to saline stress. After four months of cultivation, they were harvested and morphological and physiological parameters were determined. Results showed that inoculation with Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina rhizospheric soil and Casuarina leaves compost improved growth, total dry biomass, total chlorophyll and proline contents of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. equisetifolia</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plants in salt stress condition. These positive effects were more important in </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plants amended with Casuarina leaves compost. This study shows that Casuarina leaves compost can play an important role in the rehabilitation of saline soils by improving Casuarina trees performance in saline conditions.</span> </p>展开更多
文摘One of the most important goals of EU nature and water framework directives is to ensure healthy aquatic ecosystems by the protection of the most valuable species and habitats form the Natura 2000 network, while at the same time ensuring a balance between water/nature protection and the sustainable use of nature’s natural resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of four Romanian salty plain lakes included in Natura 2000 Network, in order to assess the degree of organic pollution and to generate the knowledge required for the design and implementation of appropriate measures for maintaining the balance between the water protection and the sustainable use of these protected ecosystems. The water and sediment sampling was performed in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016), in September and the following standard parameters have been determined: pH, chemical oxygen consumption (COC), the degree of trophicity and salinity of the environment, metals content, microbiological indicators and microbial physiological groups involved in nutrient cycling. The pH ranged from 7.56 to 8.93, close or above the upper normal limit of 8.5, being correlated with a high salinity characteristic of chlorinated, sulphated, high sodium and magnesium content waters. Despite the similar values recorded for the physico-chemical parameters in the two consecutive years suggesting a certain degree of stability of the investigated aquatic ecosystems, the COC values indicate a high degree of hypertrophy, which could be attributed to the reduced surface area, ecological pisciculture and agriculture input. The microbiological parameters revealed the existence of both recent and chronic fecal pollution source. The high hypertrophy degree could represent a positive premise for the high productivity of the investigated ecosystems, but also an alarm signal for excessive organic pollution, with the risk of redox potential decrease which can affect the fish and other life forms. Consequently, it is necessary to identify the sources of pollution and implement the appropriate measures to minimize the negative impact of organic contamination on the status of the respective ecosystems (water quality, biotic components) in order to maintain the health of both ecosystems and the surrounding human communities, allowing at the same time a sustainable use of the local resources.
文摘The total amount of 100 subjects were contributed in this review and all were the students who are studying in Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan,Pakistan.The bilirubin is metabolized in the gut which produced a colorless pigment known as urobilinogen.It is by-product of bilirubin which is used to break down the red blood cells in hemolysis.Salty food contains usually more minerals and vitamins while sweet food is enriched with carbohydrates,water and many other fats soluble substances.Every person has a unique taste according to their taste buds.A questionnaire based was made to relate the urobilinogen with the food(salty or sweet).Urinalysis is a method which is used to measure the urobilinogen in urine.It was concluded that there is a scientific relation between the presence of urobilinogen in urine with eating of salty or sugary food.Table no.1 represents that urobilinogen play important role in the choice of eating either salty food more or sweet.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.23ZR1426100)SAAS program for Excellent Research Team(No.G202203)。
文摘The taste presentation and receptor perception mechanism of the salty peptide of Stropharia rugosoannulata were predicted and verified using peptide omics and molecular interaction techniques.The combination of aspartic acid(D)and glutamic acid(E),or peptide fragments composed of arginine(R),constitute the characteristic taste structural basis of salty peptides of S.rugosoannulata.The taste intensity of the salty peptide positively correlates with its concentration within a specific concentration range(0.25–1.0 mg/mL).The receptor more easily recognizes the first amino acid residue at the N-terminal of salty peptides and the aspartic acid residue in the peptides.GLU513,ASP707,and VAL508 are the critical amino acid residues for the receptor to recognize salty peptides.TRPV1 is specifically the receptor for recognizing salty peptides.Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions are the main driving forces for the interactions between salty peptides and TRPV1 receptors.KSWDDFFTR has the most potent binding capacity with the receptor and has tremendous potential for application in sodium salt substitution.This study confirmed the taste receptor that specifically recognizes salty peptides,analyzed the receptor-peptide binding interaction,and provided a new idea for understanding the taste receptor perception of salty peptides.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(51567014,51767014)the Scientific and Technological Research and Development Program of the China Railway(2017J010-C/2017)。
文摘To study the flashover characteristics of the fog water in saline-alkali areas for high-speed railway OSC insulators,the spatial distributions of both the potential and electric field of soiled insulators in the presence of salty fog are analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics,a multi-physics coupling software.Furthermore,to analyze the effect of the contamination of insulators due to salty fog water,a saline solution is used for staining an insulator sample by using the solid coating method.In an artificial climate chamber,the salty fog environment is simulated,and the flashover voltage for different salty fog water conductivities and surface staining are obtained.The salt-density correction coefficient K is also proposed.It provides a strong basis for the selection of railway insulators in saline-alkali areas.The results show that the salty fog water changes the original surface equivalent salt density,ρESDD,by wetting the existing fouling layer on the surface of the insulator,so that the original surface contamination layer becomes equivalent to KρESDD;the smaller is the value ofρESDD of the insulator surface,the larger is the value of K;the surface of the same insulator is dirty,and as the concentration of salty fog-water increases,K also increases.
文摘PORCINE BBC CHILDREN'S ICON FALLS FOUL OF OVERZEALOUS CENSORSShe may be one of the BBC's most popular cultural exports to China since Sherlock,but it appears that the beloved children's character Peppa Pig's goose has been abruptly cooked—on the internet,at least.Peppa's rise began when she was seen as a good tool
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171746,31870522 and 31670550)Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Research Program of China(2019FY101300)the Scientific Research Foundation of Henan Agricultural University(30500854).
文摘Independence among leaf economics,leaf hydraulics and leaf size confers plants great capability in adapting to heterogeneous environments.However,it remains unclear whether the independence of the leaf traits revealed across species still holds within species,especially under stressed conditions.Here,a suite of traits in these dimensions were measured in leaves and roots of a typical mangrove species,Ceriops tagal,which grows in habitats with a similar sunny and hot environment but different soil salinity in southern China.Compared with C.tagal under low soil salinity,C.tagal under high soil salinity had lower photosynthetic capacity,as indicated directly by a lower leaf nitrogen concentration and higher water use efficiency,and indirectly by a higher investment in defense function and thinner palisade tissue;had lower water transport capacity,as evidenced by thinner leaf minor veins and thinner root vessels;and also had much smaller single leaf area.Leaf economics,hydraulics and leaf size of the mangrove species appear to be coordinated as one trait dimension,which likely stemmed from covariation of soil water and nutrient availability along the salinity gradient.The intraspecific leaf trait relationship under a stressful environment is insightful for our understanding of plant adaption to the multifarious environments.
基金Supported by the Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program of Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,Utah Agricultural Experiment Station(article No.9534)and Ecology Center of Utah State Universityapproved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Utah State University(10087)+2 种基金permitted by the state of Utah(1BAND10069,2COLL10039)the U.S.Bird Banding Lab(21175)and the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(MB693916-0).
文摘Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Soil salinization is one of the major causes of land degradation. In Senegal, this phenomenon continues to grow, making soils unsuitable for agriculture. To rehabilitate salty lands, one of the recommended strategies is the use of salt-tolerant plants. Among them, plants of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarinaceae</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> family form a relationship with symbiotic microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen fixing bacteria. It has been shown that symbiotic microorganisms play an important role in the establishment of tolerant plants in saline conditions (Djighaly </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., 2018). They improve plant performance and reduce transplant shock under salt stress conditions (Diagne </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">et al</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">., 2014). These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers. However, inocula containing symbiotic microorganisms are either too expensive or unavailable in many developing countries. The aim of this study is to test alternatively affordable and low-tech solutions to promote symbiotic interactions such as Casuarina crushed nodule, Casuarina rhizosphere soil and Casuarina leaves compost that may contain symbiotic microorganisms and also nutrients such as N and phosphorus. Two species of Casuarina (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina equisetifolia</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L. and </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Casuarina obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Miq.) were grown in the greenhouse on sterile soil to which an amendment was added (Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina Rhizospheric soil or Casuarina leaves compost). Plants were subjected to saline stress. After four months of cultivation, they were harvested and morphological and physiological parameters were determined. Results showed that inoculation with Casuarina crushed nodules, Casuarina rhizospheric soil and Casuarina leaves compost improved growth, total dry biomass, total chlorophyll and proline contents of </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. equisetifolia</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plants in salt stress condition. These positive effects were more important in </span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. obesa</span></i></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> plants amended with Casuarina leaves compost. This study shows that Casuarina leaves compost can play an important role in the rehabilitation of saline soils by improving Casuarina trees performance in saline conditions.</span> </p>
