Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Cl...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Eastern Han Dynasty of China,200 C.E.)initially documented Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.Currently,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicines in clinics for antidiabetic,antianxiety,antihypertensive,antidepressant,antilipidemic,antiarrhythmic,and anticancer effects.Undoubtedly,it is best known for improving and promoting blood circulation;thus,its recommendation for use in cardiovascular disorders.Regarding this article,important information was sourced both manually and electronically using patent compendium and databases,including Google Scholar,herbal plant monographs,Hindawi,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,pharmacopoeias,Springer,etc.Well-concise details and discussions on the botany,traditional medicinal uses,chemical constituents-phytochemistry,pharmacokinetics,pharmacology,and toxicology information are presented.In perspective,understanding the comprehensive information of the above-stated fields with regards to Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge would yield an additional positive knowledge on areas that need urgent attention and identify gaps in research and safety for future consideration.展开更多
Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the similarities and differences of anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism between Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM)and Carthamus tinctorius L.(CT)were studied.Fi...Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the similarities and differences of anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism between Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM)and Carthamus tinctorius L.(CT)were studied.Firstly,based on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP),the related compounds of SM and CT were obtained,and the potential targets of these compounds were collected by the target fishing method.Genecards database was used to obtain targets related to myocardial ischemia.The cross targets of CT,SM,and myocardial ischemia were then selected,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed based on the STRING database.The cross targets were imported into the Metascape database for Gene Oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Cytoscape software was used to build the topological network diagram of the drug-compound-target path.Finally,the binding ability of the active ingredient and the key target was verified by molecular docking.65 active ingredients and 38 potential targets were screened from SM,and 22 active ingredients and 58 potential targets were excavated from CT.Important targets common to SM and CT were TNF,IL6,VEGFA,AKT1,etc.The common enrichment pathways involved are fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,IL-17 signaling pathway,pathways in cancer,and toxoplasmosis.The findings suggested that the two traditional Chinese medicines exerted the effect of myocardial ischemia through the characteristics of multiple targets,multiple pathways,and multiple compounds.展开更多
The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultima...The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultimately leading to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.In clinical guidelines,Nintedanib or Pirfenidone is often used for treatment.However,the two drugs,although they may slow the progression of the disease,cannot stop,or reverse fibrosis and generally result in a variety of toxic side effects.In 184-220 A.D.,it was already recorded in Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians that the function of SMB was to invigorate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis.In modern medical research,the active ingredients of SMB have likewise been found to be used in treatments such as anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,antioxidant,microcirculatory improvement,and antineoplastic.In this review,a comprehensive search of the former literature on SMB and pulmonary fibers was conducted using databases including PubMed,CNKI,the National Science and Technology Library,Hindawi,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and the Scientific Network Database.Meanwhile,this review presents the mechanisms of the active ingredients in SMB which have anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects through the signal pathways,cytokines,inflammation response,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and matrix metalloproteinases.SMB could offer a direction for therapy for pulmonary fibrosis by identifying the possible active components and exploring the potential mechanisms.Those could provide a reference for further research and application of SMB in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.展开更多
The hydrophilic phenolic acid is the main component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against cardiovascular diseases.A validated and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method was established...The hydrophilic phenolic acid is the main component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against cardiovascular diseases.A validated and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously determinate three phenolic acids(danshensu,protocatechuic acid and rosmarinic acid)in rats to investigate their pharmacokinetic profiles firstly.The values for limit of quantification were in range of 0.25-1.25μg/L.Meanwhile,the suitable intra-day and inter-day precision as well as extraction recoveries were also obtained.And such an established method was finally successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of three phenolic acids in normal and hyperlipidemic rats after oral administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.The results showed there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and hyperlipidemic groups.In especial,the plasma level of three phenolic acids in hyperlipidemic groups was significantly higher than normal ones.This comparative pharmacokinetic study provided direct evidence for improving clinical rational use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antiproliferative activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.(SM)on the castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)cell line DU-145 in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Prostate cancer cell line(DU-145)...Objective:To investigate the antiproliferative activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.(SM)on the castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)cell line DU-145 in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Prostate cancer cell line(DU-145)and normal prostate cell line(RWPE-1)were treated with SM at different concentrations(3.125,12.5,25 and 50μg/mL)to investigate the antiproliferative effects.DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate the apoptosis of DU-145 cells.Molecular mechanism was investigated by Western blot analysis of p53,Bcl-2,prostate specific antigen(PSA),and androgen receptor(AR).Six-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=101)and treated group(n=101)which administered 500 mg/kg SM for 2 weeks.Tumor volumes were measured.Results:Treatment with SM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell number of DU-145 cells in comparison with RWPE-1.DNA laddering analysis indicated the apoptosis of DU-145 cells.Treatment with SM increased the expression of p53 and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 proteins.The levels of PSA were considerably reduced in SM-treated group compared to the controls,and a decrease in AR expression was observed when cells were treated with SM in the same pattern as a reduction in PSA.In the tumour xenograft study,SM given once a day for 2 weeks significantly inhibited tumour growth.Conclusion:SM might contribute to the anticancer actions such as induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,pol...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.展开更多
Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues...Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung,among which 29 strains were obtained from the root,14 from the stem,3 from the leaf,3 from the flower and 1 from the seed.Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria,including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay.Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent,and five strains(DR1,DR4,DR16,DR18 and DF2)manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria.In some degree,it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were carried out to test selected strains,both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA.The result showed that extracts from three strains,labeled as DR12(outside cell),DR21(inside cell)and DF3(inside cell),had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA.The extract from DR12(outside cell)and DR21(inside cell)had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC.Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA,and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation.It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.展开更多
Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set o...Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the cha...Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides,proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids.In this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both singleand multi-component from Danshen.展开更多
Objective: The exogenous gibberellin(GA) and ethylene(ET) treatment can improve the medicinal ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, many reports pointed out that WRKY transcription factors played an impor...Objective: The exogenous gibberellin(GA) and ethylene(ET) treatment can improve the medicinal ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, many reports pointed out that WRKY transcription factors played an important regulatory role in these treatment responses. However, whether the Sm WRKY mediate these treatment signalings in S. miltiorrhiza remains largely elusive.Methods: qRT-PCR was used for SmWRKY42-like in response to exogenous GA and ethephon(Eth) treatment. The subcellular location of SmWRKY42-like was transiently transformed into onion epidermal cells by particle bombardment. The self-activating activity of SmWRKY42-like was verified in AH109 yeast strain.Results: Sm WRKY42-like was a WRKY family gene in S. miltiorrhiza. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity results of the SmWRKY42-like protein indicated that SmWRKY42-like mainly enriched in nucleus and might be a transcription factor in S. miltiorrhiza. In the meantime, the SmWRKY42-like gene significantly responded to exogenous GA and Eth treatment.Conclusion: These results collectively indicated the SmWRKY42-like gene functions, as an important hormone-responsive gene, might play a potentially role in ET and GA signaling pathways.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2019KJ083).
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Eastern Han Dynasty of China,200 C.E.)initially documented Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.Currently,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicines in clinics for antidiabetic,antianxiety,antihypertensive,antidepressant,antilipidemic,antiarrhythmic,and anticancer effects.Undoubtedly,it is best known for improving and promoting blood circulation;thus,its recommendation for use in cardiovascular disorders.Regarding this article,important information was sourced both manually and electronically using patent compendium and databases,including Google Scholar,herbal plant monographs,Hindawi,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,pharmacopoeias,Springer,etc.Well-concise details and discussions on the botany,traditional medicinal uses,chemical constituents-phytochemistry,pharmacokinetics,pharmacology,and toxicology information are presented.In perspective,understanding the comprehensive information of the above-stated fields with regards to Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge would yield an additional positive knowledge on areas that need urgent attention and identify gaps in research and safety for future consideration.
基金The work was financially supported by Special Research Fund for Young Doctors of Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences(QMSI2020B-02,QMSI2020B-03)Postdoctoral Science Development Foundation Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-Q17179).
文摘Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the similarities and differences of anti-myocardial ischemia mechanism between Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM)and Carthamus tinctorius L.(CT)were studied.Firstly,based on the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP),the related compounds of SM and CT were obtained,and the potential targets of these compounds were collected by the target fishing method.Genecards database was used to obtain targets related to myocardial ischemia.The cross targets of CT,SM,and myocardial ischemia were then selected,and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed based on the STRING database.The cross targets were imported into the Metascape database for Gene Oncology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Cytoscape software was used to build the topological network diagram of the drug-compound-target path.Finally,the binding ability of the active ingredient and the key target was verified by molecular docking.65 active ingredients and 38 potential targets were screened from SM,and 22 active ingredients and 58 potential targets were excavated from CT.Important targets common to SM and CT were TNF,IL6,VEGFA,AKT1,etc.The common enrichment pathways involved are fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,IL-17 signaling pathway,pathways in cancer,and toxoplasmosis.The findings suggested that the two traditional Chinese medicines exerted the effect of myocardial ischemia through the characteristics of multiple targets,multiple pathways,and multiple compounds.
基金supported by Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2019KJ083).
文摘The characteristics of PF are diffuse alveolitis and disruption of alveolar structure leading to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.At the same time,pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung volume and restricts ventilation,ultimately leading to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.In clinical guidelines,Nintedanib or Pirfenidone is often used for treatment.However,the two drugs,although they may slow the progression of the disease,cannot stop,or reverse fibrosis and generally result in a variety of toxic side effects.In 184-220 A.D.,it was already recorded in Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians that the function of SMB was to invigorate blood circulation and disperse blood stasis.In modern medical research,the active ingredients of SMB have likewise been found to be used in treatments such as anti-fibrosis,anti-inflammatory,antithrombotic,antioxidant,microcirculatory improvement,and antineoplastic.In this review,a comprehensive search of the former literature on SMB and pulmonary fibers was conducted using databases including PubMed,CNKI,the National Science and Technology Library,Hindawi,Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,and the Scientific Network Database.Meanwhile,this review presents the mechanisms of the active ingredients in SMB which have anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects through the signal pathways,cytokines,inflammation response,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and matrix metalloproteinases.SMB could offer a direction for therapy for pulmonary fibrosis by identifying the possible active components and exploring the potential mechanisms.Those could provide a reference for further research and application of SMB in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
基金This work was gifted by the National Foundation of Natural Sciences of China(No.81303197)。
文摘The hydrophilic phenolic acid is the main component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against cardiovascular diseases.A validated and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method was established to simultaneously determinate three phenolic acids(danshensu,protocatechuic acid and rosmarinic acid)in rats to investigate their pharmacokinetic profiles firstly.The values for limit of quantification were in range of 0.25-1.25μg/L.Meanwhile,the suitable intra-day and inter-day precision as well as extraction recoveries were also obtained.And such an established method was finally successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic behaviors of three phenolic acids in normal and hyperlipidemic rats after oral administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.The results showed there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and hyperlipidemic groups.In especial,the plasma level of three phenolic acids in hyperlipidemic groups was significantly higher than normal ones.This comparative pharmacokinetic study provided direct evidence for improving clinical rational use of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.
基金Supported by the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science&ICT(No.2018M3A9E8020861),Republic of Korea。
文摘Objective:To investigate the antiproliferative activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.(SM)on the castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)cell line DU-145 in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Prostate cancer cell line(DU-145)and normal prostate cell line(RWPE-1)were treated with SM at different concentrations(3.125,12.5,25 and 50μg/mL)to investigate the antiproliferative effects.DNA laddering analysis was performed to investigate the apoptosis of DU-145 cells.Molecular mechanism was investigated by Western blot analysis of p53,Bcl-2,prostate specific antigen(PSA),and androgen receptor(AR).Six-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=101)and treated group(n=101)which administered 500 mg/kg SM for 2 weeks.Tumor volumes were measured.Results:Treatment with SM resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell number of DU-145 cells in comparison with RWPE-1.DNA laddering analysis indicated the apoptosis of DU-145 cells.Treatment with SM increased the expression of p53 and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 proteins.The levels of PSA were considerably reduced in SM-treated group compared to the controls,and a decrease in AR expression was observed when cells were treated with SM in the same pattern as a reduction in PSA.In the tumour xenograft study,SM given once a day for 2 weeks significantly inhibited tumour growth.Conclusion:SM might contribute to the anticancer actions such as induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.
基金supported by the sub-project of Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(2006BA106A-04)
文摘Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung,among which 29 strains were obtained from the root,14 from the stem,3 from the leaf,3 from the flower and 1 from the seed.Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria,including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay.Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent,and five strains(DR1,DR4,DR16,DR18 and DF2)manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria.In some degree,it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were carried out to test selected strains,both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA.The result showed that extracts from three strains,labeled as DR12(outside cell),DR21(inside cell)and DF3(inside cell),had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA.The extract from DR12(outside cell)and DR21(inside cell)had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC.Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA,and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation.It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.31570302,81973422)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2016-I2M-3-016).
文摘Objective:Salvia miltiorrhiza is a valuable herbal medicine with tanshinone and phenolic acid as the main biological active ingredients.The biosynthetic regulation of these bioactive compounds is controlled by a set of transcription factors(TFs).The basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical processes in plants.However,research on bHLH TFs regulating phenolic acid or tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza is limited.Methods:qRT-PCR was used for gene expression analysis.The subcellular localization of SmbHLH92 was detected by SmbHLHg2-GFP transient transformation into tobacco leaves,and its fluorescence was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 was confirmed in the AH109 yeast strain.RNA interference hairy roots of SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.Ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was used to detect the changes of phenolic acids and tanshinones.Results:SmbHLH92 is a bHLH transcription factor that is highly expressed in the root and phloem of S.miltiorrhiza.The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity of SmbHLH92 indicated that SmbHLH92 was located in the nucleus and may be a transcription factor.RNA interference(RNAi)of SmbHLH92 in hairy roots of S.miltiorrhiza significantly increased the accumulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone.Quantitative RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)analysis showed the transcription level of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in the phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthetic pathways was increased in the hairy roots of the SmbHLH92-RNAi transgenic line,comparing with the control line.Conclusion:These data indicate that SmbHLH92 is a negative regulator involved in the regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza.
基金financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81903557, 82074024)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20190802)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (No. NZY81903557)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No.19KJB350003)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs), with a history of thousands of years, are widely used clinically with effective treatment. However, the drug delivery systems(DDSs) for TCMs remains major challenges due to the characteristics of multi-components including alkaloids, flavones, anthraquinones, glycosides,proteins, volatile oils and other types. Therefore, the novel preparations and technology of modern pharmaceutics is introduced to improve TCM therapeutic effects due to instability and low bioavailability of active ingredients. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the radix and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Danshen in Chinese), is a well known Chinese herbal medicine for protecting the cardiovascular system, with active ingredients mainly including lipophilic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids.In this review, this drug is taken as an example to present challenges and strategies in progress of DDSs for TCMs. This review would also summary the characteristics of active ingredients in it including physicochemical properties and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this review is to provide inspirations and ideas for the DDSs designed from TCMs by summarizing the advances on DDSs for both singleand multi-component from Danshen.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373908 and 81373536)
文摘Objective: The exogenous gibberellin(GA) and ethylene(ET) treatment can improve the medicinal ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, many reports pointed out that WRKY transcription factors played an important regulatory role in these treatment responses. However, whether the Sm WRKY mediate these treatment signalings in S. miltiorrhiza remains largely elusive.Methods: qRT-PCR was used for SmWRKY42-like in response to exogenous GA and ethephon(Eth) treatment. The subcellular location of SmWRKY42-like was transiently transformed into onion epidermal cells by particle bombardment. The self-activating activity of SmWRKY42-like was verified in AH109 yeast strain.Results: Sm WRKY42-like was a WRKY family gene in S. miltiorrhiza. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activity results of the SmWRKY42-like protein indicated that SmWRKY42-like mainly enriched in nucleus and might be a transcription factor in S. miltiorrhiza. In the meantime, the SmWRKY42-like gene significantly responded to exogenous GA and Eth treatment.Conclusion: These results collectively indicated the SmWRKY42-like gene functions, as an important hormone-responsive gene, might play a potentially role in ET and GA signaling pathways.
