To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods,sealant retention ...To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods,sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-,1-and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients.Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation(fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had o1 pit re-exposed)according to the Kaplan–Meier method.The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38(95%confidence interval(CI):0.35–0.41).More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination.Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas(P50.47).Using the replica method,more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the2-year period.This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods.When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention,the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination,particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of retention ponds on the environment and population health by analyzing water samples from various ponds in Mogadishu, to determine the prevalence of waterborne i...The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of retention ponds on the environment and population health by analyzing water samples from various ponds in Mogadishu, to determine the prevalence of waterborne illnesses that occur during the rainy season in Mogadishu, and to find out what experts thought about the effects of retention ponds on the environment as well as population health in Mogadishu. Methods: Mixed designs were used in the study. The first design is an exploratory study where samples are taken from different retention ponds in Mogadishu. The second design involves gathering secondary data from the online FSNAU Dashboard regarding the incidence of rainfall and waterborne illnesses including malaria and cholera. Additionally, a cross-sectional survey of expert opinions using questionnaires was the third design. The 10 water samples were taken from retention ponds in Mogadishu as part of the sample size. Data on the fourth month was also gathered using the FNSAU dashboard, and seventy sample sizes were used for the expert self-administered questionnaire for the third design. Excel was used for data analysis in the initial design. While BMI SPSS versions 22 were used to analyze the data from the Self-administered Questionnaire, additional methods were utilized to compute descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, and to analyze demographic data in a frequency table. Findings: The results show that three samples had unsatisfactory scores (Grade D): Yaqshid (Warshadda Bastada) had a WQI of 80.85, Boondheer (Bondher Pond) had a WQI of 80.64, and Wartanabad (Xamar Jadiid Pond) had a WQI of 80.89. The remaining samples were all rated as fair (grade), which indicates that they ranged from 50 to 75. The months with the largest rainfall already occurred in December, November, and October, when the prevalence of diseases during the rainy season was highest for cholera cases. Although October and December saw a significant number of malaria cases, November did not. Retention ponds’ overall effects on residential environments were evaluated, and the results showed that the standard deviation was 0.802 and the cumulative average mean scores were 4.41 overall. This indicates that the respondents were in agreement that retention ponds in Mogadishu, Somalia, had an effect on residential areas. Recommendation: The study suggested that in order to identify retention pond contamination and create treatment units for its management, the Ministry of Health forms a district-level public health committee. All districts must have a sewer system installed by the local government, and retention ponds must be made easier in order to move waste outside of the city.展开更多
The objective of this study is to summarize the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The randomized controlled trials on TCM enema intervention in th...The objective of this study is to summarize the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The randomized controlled trials on TCM enema intervention in the treatment of UC were searched in seven databases:PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database from January 1,2013 to June 6,2022,and the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.A total of 18 studies involving 1514 UC patients were included.Meta analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medicine,Chinese medicine enema had a significant effect on UC,and the clinical effective rate of the experimental group using Chinese medicine enema was 4.45 times that of the control group using conventional Western medicine(odds ratio=4.45,95%confidence interval[3.27,6.06]).Therefore,Chinese medicine enema is effective in the treatment of UC,and can significantly reduce related symptoms.展开更多
Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Me...Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 70 patients with HUR associated with renal failure from January 2017 to December 2020. Parameters examined included: age, sex, coexisting conditions affecting renal function, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes of HUR, urinary diversion, and patient outcomes. Results: The average age was 66, with a majority of male patients (87%). Twenty-three patients had pre-existing medical conditions. Oligo-anuria was the most common reason for detecting HUR (70%). Half of the patients had an ECOG score ≥ 2. The mean creatinine level was 50.7 mg/l. Nineteen patients exhibited hydroelectrolytic disorders. Bacterial colonization was observed in 25 patients. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the most frequently performed imaging tests (100% and 62.8%, respectively). Sixty-seven patients had ureterohydronephrosis (UHN), with bilateral UHN in 88.6% of cases. Pelvic cancers (47.1%) were the primary cause of HUR, primarily bladder cancers (27.1%). Nephrostomy was the most common urinary drainage method (50%), particularly for obstructions due to pelvic cancer (88.6%). The majority of patients (52.8%) regained normal renal function after drainage. Nineteen deaths occurred among elderly patients with compromised general health. Conclusion: Urinary drainage significantly improved renal function for most patients. Pelvic cancer emerged as the leading cause of HUR. Nephrostomy was the predominant drainage method.展开更多
In this study,organic geochemical and petrological analyses were conducted on 111 shale samples from a well to understand the retention,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation(shale oil enrichment in dif...In this study,organic geochemical and petrological analyses were conducted on 111 shale samples from a well to understand the retention,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation(shale oil enrichment in different intervals is unconnected)features of shale oil within the organic-rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag.Our study shows that retained petroleum characteristics in the investigated succession are mainly influenced by three factors:organic richness,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation.Organic matter richness primarily controls the amount of retained petroleum,especially the‘live’component indicated by the S_(2)value rather than the total organic carbon(TOC)figure alone.The negative expulsion efficiencies determined by mass-balance calculations of hydrocarbons reveal that petroleum from adjacent organic-rich intervals migrates into the interval of about 2386-2408 m,which is characterized by high free hydrocarbon(S_(1)),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content,along with a greater difference inδ^(13)C values between polar compounds(including resins and asphaltenes)and saturated hydrocarbons.The depth-dependent heterogeneity of carbon isotope ratios(δ^(13)C)of mud methane gas,δ^(13)C of extracts gross composition(SARA),δ^(13)C of kerogen and SARA content of extracts suggest that the studied succession can be subdivided into four intervals.The shale oil sealing enrichment character in each interval is further corroborated by the distinctδ^(13)C values of mud methane gas in different intervals.Due to the migration of petroleum into the 2386-2408 m interval,the S_(1),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content of the interval show higher relative values.The maturity of organic matter in the 2471-2500 m interval is at the highest with the smaller size molecular components of the retained petroleum.Thus,favorable‘sweet spots’may be found in the 2386-2408 m interval and the 2471-2500 m interval,according to the experiment results in this study.展开更多
The persistent challenges in attracting and retaining a diverse healthcare workforce, with a specific focus on nurses, have become increasingly pronounced in recent years. These hurdles have been exacerbated by a grow...The persistent challenges in attracting and retaining a diverse healthcare workforce, with a specific focus on nurses, have become increasingly pronounced in recent years. These hurdles have been exacerbated by a growing difficulty in retaining young nurses, thereby exacerbating labor shortages driven by demographic shifts and the retirement of experienced nursing professionals. While most research efforts have concentrated on the broader issue of nurse retention, our study is centered on a specific demographic—young nurses. Our research endeavors to shed light on the unique challenges faced by young nurses through a qualitative survey involving nursing students who are simultaneously employed. We seek to discern the multifaceted obstacles they encounter in both their academic environment and the healthcare organizations where they work. While certain challenges are linked to course organization, examinations, and the time required for studying, our respondents overwhelmingly emphasize the pivotal role of the work environment in facilitating the harmonization of work, family, and educational commitments. This reconciliation is achieved through measures such as flexible working arrangements and the efficient organization of nursing duties. The primary objective of our research is to provide insights into how these diverse challenges can be effectively addressed and how a range of measures can significantly contribute to the attraction and retention of nursing students, as well as the long-term retention of nurses within the healthcare system. Our recommendations are intended to be of practical use to a wide array of stakeholders, including academic institutions, particularly colleges and universities offering nursing programs, as well as hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare institutions that hire nurses. By collaboratively addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended measures, we aim to fortify the healthcare workforce and ensure the continued provision of quality care to patients. .展开更多
This article has been directed to Environment Protection Technology with the purpose of providing a new instrument designed and developed to measure filtration efficiency through the relationship between clean cloth f...This article has been directed to Environment Protection Technology with the purpose of providing a new instrument designed and developed to measure filtration efficiency through the relationship between clean cloth fabric structural parameters, dust parameters, and test measuring variables. Fabric samples used throughout the present study were woven cotton 100%, polyester 100% and cotton/polyester 50/50%. The warp count: 30/2 for all fabric samples, the weft count is 9/1;12/1;and 20/1. The weave of satin, basket, and twill is 3/1 with four different picks/cm to produce the fabrics with the same cover factor. For dust separation fabrics range in weight from “300 - 450 g/m<sup>2</sup>” with an air permeability of “100 - 300 l/d m<sup>2</sup>·min” at “196.2 Pa” (20 mm WG) as specified in DIN 53887. Air permeability through fabrics depends entirely on the sieving percent of the surface of the fabric, which is partly the pores and partly the permeability through the yarns, which are the basic elements of a fabric. The results showed that dust capturing depends entirely on air permeability, which is related to fabric weave structure and fabric material at specified testing and measuring variables.展开更多
OsPLS4 encodes aβ-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase(KAR).The role of OsPLS4 in rice sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani)remains unclear.Our preliminary studies showed that premature leaf senescence mutants(pls4)were hi...OsPLS4 encodes aβ-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase(KAR).The role of OsPLS4 in rice sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani)remains unclear.Our preliminary studies showed that premature leaf senescence mutants(pls4)were highly susceptive to sheath blight in the early stage of rice development.To explore the role of this gene in the development of rice sheath blight,the transcriptome profiles of the rice pls4 mutant and wild type were compared by RNA-seq.The results revealed 2,569 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the defense response-related biological processes.These down-regulated genes included the chitinase genes and WRKY genes,which were significantly changed in pls4 mutants.Furthermore,467 genes induced significant alternative splicing(AS)events.Among them,intron retention(IR)affected gene expression levels and functions of the vitamin B6(VB6)metabolism pathway related to sheath blight.This result suggests that IR plays an important role in the sheath blight resistance of mutant pls4.Together,these results indicate that pls4 could be involved in the biological process of sheath blight via DEGs and the fine-tuning of IR.The present study provides a molecular basis for further investigation of the resistance of rice to sheath blight.展开更多
目的研究百会穴久留针法通过脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸受体激酶B(TrkB)通路改善缺血性脑卒中小鼠神经功能的作用及机制。方法选择雄性C57BL/6J小鼠48只,随机分为假手术1组、模型1组、久留针1组、普通留针组,每组12只。后3组采用...目的研究百会穴久留针法通过脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸受体激酶B(TrkB)通路改善缺血性脑卒中小鼠神经功能的作用及机制。方法选择雄性C57BL/6J小鼠48只,随机分为假手术1组、模型1组、久留针1组、普通留针组,每组12只。后3组采用线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中模型,手术造模后第1天起久留针1组和普通留针组分别给予百会穴久留针和普通留针治疗,连续14 d。另选择雄性C57BL/6J小鼠40只,随机分为假手术2组、模型2组、久留针2组、久留针3组,每组10只。后3组采用线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中模型,针灸治疗前分别给予腺相关病毒100μl单次尾静脉注射。采用改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)及水迷宫实验的逃避潜伏期、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数评价神经功能。结果与假手术1组比较,模型1组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织BDNF、TrkB表达明显降低,细胞凋亡率及裂解型半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型1组比较,久留针1组和普通留针组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织BDNF、TrkB表达明显增加,细胞凋亡率及裂解型Caspase-3表达明显降低,且久留针1组上述变化较普通留针组更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与久留针2组比较,久留针3组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织中BDNF表达明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率及裂解型Caspase-3表达明显增加[(16.41±2.25)%vs(7.59±1.09)%;1.46±0.16 vs 0.94±0.12,P<0.05]。结论百会穴久留针治疗对缺血性脑卒中小鼠神经功能的改善作用更为显著,激活BDNF/TrkB通路是其发挥神经保护作用的相关分子机制。展开更多
基金financed by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2007BA128B00)the Netherlands Academy of Science(08CDP011)the Radboud University,the Netherlands(R0000463)
文摘To compare the levels of agreement and the survival rates of sealant retention for different sealing materials over a 2-year period assessed using the visual clinical examination and replica methods,sealant retention data were obtained by visual clinical examination and from replicas of the same sealed tooth at baseline and at 0.5-,1-and 2-year evaluation points in 407 children and were compared for agreement using kappa coefficients.Survival curves of retained sealants on occlusal surfaces were created using modified categorisation(fully retained sealants and those having all pits and fissures partly covered with the sealant material versus completely lost sealants that included pit and fissure systems that had o1 pit re-exposed)according to the Kaplan–Meier method.The kappa coefficient for the agreement between both assessment methods over the three evaluation time points combined was 0.38(95%confidence interval(CI):0.35–0.41).More sealant retention was observed from replicas than through visual clinical examination.Cumulative survival curves at the three evaluation times were not statistically significantly higher when assessed from replicas(P50.47).Using the replica method,more retained sealant material was observed than through visual clinical examination during the2-year period.This finding did not result in a difference in the survival rates of sealants assessed by the two assessment methods.When replicas cast in die stone are used for assessing sealant retention,the level of reliability of the data is higher than that of data obtained through the commonly used visual clinical examination,particularly if such assessments are conducted over time.
文摘The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of retention ponds on the environment and population health by analyzing water samples from various ponds in Mogadishu, to determine the prevalence of waterborne illnesses that occur during the rainy season in Mogadishu, and to find out what experts thought about the effects of retention ponds on the environment as well as population health in Mogadishu. Methods: Mixed designs were used in the study. The first design is an exploratory study where samples are taken from different retention ponds in Mogadishu. The second design involves gathering secondary data from the online FSNAU Dashboard regarding the incidence of rainfall and waterborne illnesses including malaria and cholera. Additionally, a cross-sectional survey of expert opinions using questionnaires was the third design. The 10 water samples were taken from retention ponds in Mogadishu as part of the sample size. Data on the fourth month was also gathered using the FNSAU dashboard, and seventy sample sizes were used for the expert self-administered questionnaire for the third design. Excel was used for data analysis in the initial design. While BMI SPSS versions 22 were used to analyze the data from the Self-administered Questionnaire, additional methods were utilized to compute descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, and to analyze demographic data in a frequency table. Findings: The results show that three samples had unsatisfactory scores (Grade D): Yaqshid (Warshadda Bastada) had a WQI of 80.85, Boondheer (Bondher Pond) had a WQI of 80.64, and Wartanabad (Xamar Jadiid Pond) had a WQI of 80.89. The remaining samples were all rated as fair (grade), which indicates that they ranged from 50 to 75. The months with the largest rainfall already occurred in December, November, and October, when the prevalence of diseases during the rainy season was highest for cholera cases. Although October and December saw a significant number of malaria cases, November did not. Retention ponds’ overall effects on residential environments were evaluated, and the results showed that the standard deviation was 0.802 and the cumulative average mean scores were 4.41 overall. This indicates that the respondents were in agreement that retention ponds in Mogadishu, Somalia, had an effect on residential areas. Recommendation: The study suggested that in order to identify retention pond contamination and create treatment units for its management, the Ministry of Health forms a district-level public health committee. All districts must have a sewer system installed by the local government, and retention ponds must be made easier in order to move waste outside of the city.
文摘The objective of this study is to summarize the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)enema in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The randomized controlled trials on TCM enema intervention in the treatment of UC were searched in seven databases:PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database from January 1,2013 to June 6,2022,and the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.A total of 18 studies involving 1514 UC patients were included.Meta analysis results showed that compared with conventional Western medicine,Chinese medicine enema had a significant effect on UC,and the clinical effective rate of the experimental group using Chinese medicine enema was 4.45 times that of the control group using conventional Western medicine(odds ratio=4.45,95%confidence interval[3.27,6.06]).Therefore,Chinese medicine enema is effective in the treatment of UC,and can significantly reduce related symptoms.
文摘Purpose: High urinary retention (HUR) can negatively impact renal function. Our study aimed to present the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of HUR in a Senegalese academic hospital. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 70 patients with HUR associated with renal failure from January 2017 to December 2020. Parameters examined included: age, sex, coexisting conditions affecting renal function, clinical symptoms, diagnostic tests, causes of HUR, urinary diversion, and patient outcomes. Results: The average age was 66, with a majority of male patients (87%). Twenty-three patients had pre-existing medical conditions. Oligo-anuria was the most common reason for detecting HUR (70%). Half of the patients had an ECOG score ≥ 2. The mean creatinine level was 50.7 mg/l. Nineteen patients exhibited hydroelectrolytic disorders. Bacterial colonization was observed in 25 patients. Ultrasound and computed tomography were the most frequently performed imaging tests (100% and 62.8%, respectively). Sixty-seven patients had ureterohydronephrosis (UHN), with bilateral UHN in 88.6% of cases. Pelvic cancers (47.1%) were the primary cause of HUR, primarily bladder cancers (27.1%). Nephrostomy was the most common urinary drainage method (50%), particularly for obstructions due to pelvic cancer (88.6%). The majority of patients (52.8%) regained normal renal function after drainage. Nineteen deaths occurred among elderly patients with compromised general health. Conclusion: Urinary drainage significantly improved renal function for most patients. Pelvic cancer emerged as the leading cause of HUR. Nephrostomy was the predominant drainage method.
基金the support from the Scientific Research Project from RIPED(2021ycq01)the Scientific Research and Technological Development Project of CNPC(2021DJ0107)the Basic Research and Strategic Reserve Technology Research Project of CNPC(2020D-5008-01)。
文摘In this study,organic geochemical and petrological analyses were conducted on 111 shale samples from a well to understand the retention,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation(shale oil enrichment in different intervals is unconnected)features of shale oil within the organic-rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag.Our study shows that retained petroleum characteristics in the investigated succession are mainly influenced by three factors:organic richness,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation.Organic matter richness primarily controls the amount of retained petroleum,especially the‘live’component indicated by the S_(2)value rather than the total organic carbon(TOC)figure alone.The negative expulsion efficiencies determined by mass-balance calculations of hydrocarbons reveal that petroleum from adjacent organic-rich intervals migrates into the interval of about 2386-2408 m,which is characterized by high free hydrocarbon(S_(1)),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content,along with a greater difference inδ^(13)C values between polar compounds(including resins and asphaltenes)and saturated hydrocarbons.The depth-dependent heterogeneity of carbon isotope ratios(δ^(13)C)of mud methane gas,δ^(13)C of extracts gross composition(SARA),δ^(13)C of kerogen and SARA content of extracts suggest that the studied succession can be subdivided into four intervals.The shale oil sealing enrichment character in each interval is further corroborated by the distinctδ^(13)C values of mud methane gas in different intervals.Due to the migration of petroleum into the 2386-2408 m interval,the S_(1),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content of the interval show higher relative values.The maturity of organic matter in the 2471-2500 m interval is at the highest with the smaller size molecular components of the retained petroleum.Thus,favorable‘sweet spots’may be found in the 2386-2408 m interval and the 2471-2500 m interval,according to the experiment results in this study.
文摘The persistent challenges in attracting and retaining a diverse healthcare workforce, with a specific focus on nurses, have become increasingly pronounced in recent years. These hurdles have been exacerbated by a growing difficulty in retaining young nurses, thereby exacerbating labor shortages driven by demographic shifts and the retirement of experienced nursing professionals. While most research efforts have concentrated on the broader issue of nurse retention, our study is centered on a specific demographic—young nurses. Our research endeavors to shed light on the unique challenges faced by young nurses through a qualitative survey involving nursing students who are simultaneously employed. We seek to discern the multifaceted obstacles they encounter in both their academic environment and the healthcare organizations where they work. While certain challenges are linked to course organization, examinations, and the time required for studying, our respondents overwhelmingly emphasize the pivotal role of the work environment in facilitating the harmonization of work, family, and educational commitments. This reconciliation is achieved through measures such as flexible working arrangements and the efficient organization of nursing duties. The primary objective of our research is to provide insights into how these diverse challenges can be effectively addressed and how a range of measures can significantly contribute to the attraction and retention of nursing students, as well as the long-term retention of nurses within the healthcare system. Our recommendations are intended to be of practical use to a wide array of stakeholders, including academic institutions, particularly colleges and universities offering nursing programs, as well as hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare institutions that hire nurses. By collaboratively addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended measures, we aim to fortify the healthcare workforce and ensure the continued provision of quality care to patients. .
文摘This article has been directed to Environment Protection Technology with the purpose of providing a new instrument designed and developed to measure filtration efficiency through the relationship between clean cloth fabric structural parameters, dust parameters, and test measuring variables. Fabric samples used throughout the present study were woven cotton 100%, polyester 100% and cotton/polyester 50/50%. The warp count: 30/2 for all fabric samples, the weft count is 9/1;12/1;and 20/1. The weave of satin, basket, and twill is 3/1 with four different picks/cm to produce the fabrics with the same cover factor. For dust separation fabrics range in weight from “300 - 450 g/m<sup>2</sup>” with an air permeability of “100 - 300 l/d m<sup>2</sup>·min” at “196.2 Pa” (20 mm WG) as specified in DIN 53887. Air permeability through fabrics depends entirely on the sieving percent of the surface of the fabric, which is partly the pores and partly the permeability through the yarns, which are the basic elements of a fabric. The results showed that dust capturing depends entirely on air permeability, which is related to fabric weave structure and fabric material at specified testing and measuring variables.
基金supported by a grant from the Double Thousand Plan of Jiangxi Province(No.jxsq2019101057)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3196150349)to Haihui Fu and Xu Jie,respectively.
文摘OsPLS4 encodes aβ-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase(KAR).The role of OsPLS4 in rice sheath blight(Rhizoctonia solani)remains unclear.Our preliminary studies showed that premature leaf senescence mutants(pls4)were highly susceptive to sheath blight in the early stage of rice development.To explore the role of this gene in the development of rice sheath blight,the transcriptome profiles of the rice pls4 mutant and wild type were compared by RNA-seq.The results revealed 2,569 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the defense response-related biological processes.These down-regulated genes included the chitinase genes and WRKY genes,which were significantly changed in pls4 mutants.Furthermore,467 genes induced significant alternative splicing(AS)events.Among them,intron retention(IR)affected gene expression levels and functions of the vitamin B6(VB6)metabolism pathway related to sheath blight.This result suggests that IR plays an important role in the sheath blight resistance of mutant pls4.Together,these results indicate that pls4 could be involved in the biological process of sheath blight via DEGs and the fine-tuning of IR.The present study provides a molecular basis for further investigation of the resistance of rice to sheath blight.
文摘目的研究百会穴久留针法通过脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)/酪氨酸受体激酶B(TrkB)通路改善缺血性脑卒中小鼠神经功能的作用及机制。方法选择雄性C57BL/6J小鼠48只,随机分为假手术1组、模型1组、久留针1组、普通留针组,每组12只。后3组采用线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中模型,手术造模后第1天起久留针1组和普通留针组分别给予百会穴久留针和普通留针治疗,连续14 d。另选择雄性C57BL/6J小鼠40只,随机分为假手术2组、模型2组、久留针2组、久留针3组,每组10只。后3组采用线栓法制备缺血性脑卒中模型,针灸治疗前分别给予腺相关病毒100μl单次尾静脉注射。采用改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)及水迷宫实验的逃避潜伏期、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数评价神经功能。结果与假手术1组比较,模型1组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织BDNF、TrkB表达明显降低,细胞凋亡率及裂解型半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型1组比较,久留针1组和普通留针组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织BDNF、TrkB表达明显增加,细胞凋亡率及裂解型Caspase-3表达明显降低,且久留针1组上述变化较普通留针组更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与久留针2组比较,久留针3组mNSS评分、目标象限停留时间、穿越原平台次数及缺血脑组织中BDNF表达明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率及裂解型Caspase-3表达明显增加[(16.41±2.25)%vs(7.59±1.09)%;1.46±0.16 vs 0.94±0.12,P<0.05]。结论百会穴久留针治疗对缺血性脑卒中小鼠神经功能的改善作用更为显著,激活BDNF/TrkB通路是其发挥神经保护作用的相关分子机制。
