A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative ...A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative position,velocity and attitude of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The second-order divided difference filter which makes use of multidimensional interpolation formulations to approximate the nonlinear transformations could achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence from inaccurate initial conditions than standard extended Kalman filter.The filter formulation is based on relative motion equations.The global attitude parameterization is given by quarternion,while a generalized three-dimensional attitude representation is used to define the local attitude error.Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of the second-order divided difference filter with a standard extended Kalman filter approach.展开更多
锂离子电池具有无记忆效应、轻量化、环保等特点,因此常作为电动交通工具、电子设备的能源来源,并适用于各种规模的能源存储。在锂离子电池管理系统中,电池的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)是最关键的指标之一,其准确估计对于实现电池...锂离子电池具有无记忆效应、轻量化、环保等特点,因此常作为电动交通工具、电子设备的能源来源,并适用于各种规模的能源存储。在锂离子电池管理系统中,电池的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)是最关键的指标之一,其准确估计对于实现电池系统的高效能量管理和优化控制至关重要。因此本文提出了一种基于动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的SOC估计方法。首先,通过间歇放电实验获取电池不同SOC下的开路电压,并进一步拟合得到电池的OCV-SOC曲线,接着采用二阶RC等效电路模型对锂离子电池建模,然后通过混合功率脉冲特性工况测试对电池模型参数进行辨识。由于实际应用中锂离子电池为非线性系统且SOC估计精度容易受到噪声的影响,本文在卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上采用无迹变换处理,加入噪声自适应过程,以实现噪声特性自适应估计,动态调整测量噪声与过程噪声,提高算法鲁棒性以及估计精度。最后选取DST与FUDS工况进行验证,结果表明在不同工况下动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的估计平均绝对误差、最大绝对误差以及均方根误差相较于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波、无迹卡尔曼滤波算法均有降低,其平均绝对误差小于0.59%。本文提出的动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法能够更准确地估计锂离子电池SOC。展开更多
Since 1980's English has been established as the important objective in the field of English language teaching in the class,many teachers and experts have got considerable experience in the process of teaching. In...Since 1980's English has been established as the important objective in the field of English language teaching in the class,many teachers and experts have got considerable experience in the process of teaching. In English teaching,teachers pay attention to the proportion of students entering higher school and neglect students' affection. Krashen's theory of second language acquisition consists of five hypotheses; one of them is affective filter hypothesis,which contains three main factors-motivation self-confidence and anxiety. This research will analyze the influence of motivation self-confidence and anxiety and tent to find the better way to solve the influence of affective by the qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The result shows that affective filter hypothesis could have an influence on the students' achievements.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the Aerospace Technology Innovation Funding(Grant No. CASC0209)
文摘A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative position,velocity and attitude of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The second-order divided difference filter which makes use of multidimensional interpolation formulations to approximate the nonlinear transformations could achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence from inaccurate initial conditions than standard extended Kalman filter.The filter formulation is based on relative motion equations.The global attitude parameterization is given by quarternion,while a generalized three-dimensional attitude representation is used to define the local attitude error.Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of the second-order divided difference filter with a standard extended Kalman filter approach.
文摘锂离子电池具有无记忆效应、轻量化、环保等特点,因此常作为电动交通工具、电子设备的能源来源,并适用于各种规模的能源存储。在锂离子电池管理系统中,电池的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)是最关键的指标之一,其准确估计对于实现电池系统的高效能量管理和优化控制至关重要。因此本文提出了一种基于动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的SOC估计方法。首先,通过间歇放电实验获取电池不同SOC下的开路电压,并进一步拟合得到电池的OCV-SOC曲线,接着采用二阶RC等效电路模型对锂离子电池建模,然后通过混合功率脉冲特性工况测试对电池模型参数进行辨识。由于实际应用中锂离子电池为非线性系统且SOC估计精度容易受到噪声的影响,本文在卡尔曼滤波算法的基础上采用无迹变换处理,加入噪声自适应过程,以实现噪声特性自适应估计,动态调整测量噪声与过程噪声,提高算法鲁棒性以及估计精度。最后选取DST与FUDS工况进行验证,结果表明在不同工况下动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的估计平均绝对误差、最大绝对误差以及均方根误差相较于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波、无迹卡尔曼滤波算法均有降低,其平均绝对误差小于0.59%。本文提出的动态噪声自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法能够更准确地估计锂离子电池SOC。
文摘Since 1980's English has been established as the important objective in the field of English language teaching in the class,many teachers and experts have got considerable experience in the process of teaching. In English teaching,teachers pay attention to the proportion of students entering higher school and neglect students' affection. Krashen's theory of second language acquisition consists of five hypotheses; one of them is affective filter hypothesis,which contains three main factors-motivation self-confidence and anxiety. This research will analyze the influence of motivation self-confidence and anxiety and tent to find the better way to solve the influence of affective by the qualitative and quantitative perspectives. The result shows that affective filter hypothesis could have an influence on the students' achievements.
