In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural h...In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.展开更多
Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s ser...Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.展开更多
Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges ...Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristics of regional agricultural development.展开更多
At the end of 2019,the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic brought great challenges to the world,and China's tourism industry suffered an unprecedented heavy blow.Exploring the impact of the epidemic on touri...At the end of 2019,the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic brought great challenges to the world,and China's tourism industry suffered an unprecedented heavy blow.Exploring the impact of the epidemic on tourism consumption structure has become a research focus in the post-epidemic era.In this study,based on Shandong Tourism Statistics Handbook from 2018 to 2020,taking Shandong Province as an example,the changes of total tourism revenue and tourism consumption structure in Shandong Province before and after the COVID-19 epidemic were compared to predict the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era and find out existing problems,and optimization paths were put forward for the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era.展开更多
Population density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions.Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province,C...Population density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions.Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province,China,but few have applied regional density functions to the analysis.Therefore,based on the 2000,2010,and 2020 population censuses,this study used monocentric and polycentric regional density functions to study the characteristics of population agglomeration and diffusion in Shandong.This is followed by an in-depth discussion based on population growth rate data and hot-and cold-spot analyses.The results showed that the Shandong Province population was spatially unevenly distributed.Population growth rates were higher in urban centers and counties,with more significant changes in population size in the eastern coastal areas than in the inland areas.As verified in this study,the logarithmic form of the single-center regional density function R2 was greater than 0.8,which was in line with the population spatial structure of Shandong Province.During the study period,the estimated population density of the regional center and the absolute value of the regional population density gradient both increased,indicating a clear and increasing trend of centripetal agglomeration of regional centers over the study period.Overall,the R2 value of the multicenter region density function was higher than that of the single-center region density function.The polycentric regional density function showed that the population density gradient of some centers had a downward trend,which reflected the spatial development trend of outward diffusion in these centers.Meanwhile,the variation in the estimated population density and the population density gradient exhibited differences in the central population distribution patterns at different levels.展开更多
Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardiz...Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is calculated using monthly meteorological data from 1984 to 2020 in Shandong Province of China and is used to identify the province’s drought and flood characteristics.Then,food losses due to droughts and floods are estimated separately from disaster loss data.Finally,the relationship between drought/flood-related factors and food losses is quantified using methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results show that:1)there is a trend of aridity in Shandong Province,and the drought characteristic variables are increasing yearly while flood duration and severity are decreasing.2)The food losses caused by droughts in Shandong Province are more than those caused by floods,and the area where droughts and floods occur frequently is located in Linyi City.3)The impact of precipitation on food loss due to drought/flood is significant,followed by potential evapotranspiration and temperature.4)The relationship between drought and flood conditions and food losses can be precisely quantified.The accumulated drought duration of one month led to 1.939×10^(4)t of grain loss,and an increase in cumulative flood duration of one month resulted in1.134×10^(4)t of grain loss.If the cumulative drought severity and average drought peak increased by one unit,food loss due to drought will increase by 1.562×10^(4)t and 1.511×10^(6)t,respectively.If the cumulative flood severity and average flood peak increase by one unit,food loss will increase by 8.470×103t and 1.034×10^(6)t,respectively.展开更多
This research investigates the impact of internships on skill acquisition among nursing students in vocational colleges in Shandong Province.By employing a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews,the s...This research investigates the impact of internships on skill acquisition among nursing students in vocational colleges in Shandong Province.By employing a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews,the study re-veals the positive influence of internships on students’clinical competencies,professional qualities,and readiness for the workforce.Survey findings indicate heightened practical capabilities and increased confidence among students.Interviews emphasize the pivotal role of mentors in guiding skills development and professional growth.However,challenges such as resource constraints and workload imbalances during internships are also highlighted.These insights contribute to the en-hancement of nursing education and the preparation of competent nursing professionals in the region.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,...[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was estimated,and its environmental benefit was analyzed.[Result] Biomass resources in Shandong Province mainly refer to crop residues,forest residues,grassland changed from degraded land.If degraded land became grassland,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was 182.808 8 million tons and 2.68×1015 kJ respectively.Meanwhile,the reduction of total emission of CO2,SO2 and nitrogen oxides was up to 241.265 million tons,and the reduced emission of SO2 accounted for 48.9% of annual SO2 emission in Shandong in 2009.Planting energy crops plays important roles in the development of new energy sources,reduction of greenhouse gas emission and environmental protection.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundations for the establishment of energy policy and study on development strategy of biomass energy in Shandong Province.展开更多
Objective Shandong Province is divided into two parts by the Tan–Lu fault zone:the western part(Luxi)and the eastern part(Jiaodong).Large-scale volcanic activity occurred during the Late Mesozoic in Shandong Province...Objective Shandong Province is divided into two parts by the Tan–Lu fault zone:the western part(Luxi)and the eastern part(Jiaodong).Large-scale volcanic activity occurred during the Late Mesozoic in Shandong Province,eastern China(Fig.1b),and was controlled by the Tan–Lu fault zone and its secondary faults.Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Shandong Province mainly occur within the Cretaceous展开更多
A total of 133 shellfish samples were collected in seven cities of Shandong Province,China,from May to October,2019.The domoic acid(DA)concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC...A total of 133 shellfish samples were collected in seven cities of Shandong Province,China,from May to October,2019.The domoic acid(DA)concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and their distribution characteristics were investigated.DA concentration was detected high in over 1/3(36.1%)of the samples of four kinds of shellfish in all three seasons in range from 0 to 102μg/kg.The highest DA concentrations were 102,101,36.7,and 10.2μg/kg in Crassostrea gigas,Chlamys farreri,Mactra veneriformis,and Mytilus edulis,respectively.Geographically,Yantai(22.0μg/kg)and Weihai(16.9μg/kg)showed relatively high concentrations of DA,whereas Rizhao and Dongying presented only 0.85-and 1.76-μg/kg DA,respectively.DA concentrations in the shellfish samples were strongly related to seasonal changes,being significantly higher in autumn and summer than that in spring.The DA risk exposure assessments indicate that dietary seafood consumption did not pose a health threat to general human population.In addition,three isomers(isoA,isoD,isoE)and 5′-epimer DA were detected in 3.00%-15.80%of the shellfish samples.This study is the first to observe DA and its isomers in shellfish samples of Shandong Province.The results demonstrate that DA contamination is very common and should be continuously monitored.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to study the climate variation characteristics of frost in Shandong Province. [Method] The daily minimum surface temperature ≤ 0 ℃ in autumn or spring was as the frost index. Based on ...[Objective] The research aimed to study the climate variation characteristics of frost in Shandong Province. [Method] The daily minimum surface temperature ≤ 0 ℃ in autumn or spring was as the frost index. Based on the daily minimum surface temperature data in 67 meteorological observatories of Shandong Province during 1961-2008, the variation characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period in Shandong Province were analyzed by using the climate diagnosis analysis method. [Result] The climate characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period had the obvious geographical differences in Shandong Province in recent 48 years. The extreme differences of first, last frost dates and frost-free period were all above the three times of their standard deviations. It illustrated that the dispersion degrees of first, last dates and frost-free period were all very big. The average first frost date postponed with 1.99 d/10 a velocity in Shandong Province in recent 48 years, and the last frost date advanced with 1.46 d/10 a velocity. The postponing range of first frost date was bigger than the advancing range of last frost date, and the frost-free period prolonged with 3.42 d/10 a velocity. Seen from the interdecadal variations, the first frost date started to obviously postpone, and the last frost date obviously advanced since the 1990s. The frost-free period also started to obviously prolong since the 1990s. [Conclusion] The research provided the certain reference for the predication, prevention of frost disaster and the structure adjustment of crops.展开更多
Income inequality among farmers living in different regions was an important form of territorial inequalities. Studying the territorial inequality of the net income per peasant was an emphasis of this paper,and Shando...Income inequality among farmers living in different regions was an important form of territorial inequalities. Studying the territorial inequality of the net income per peasant was an emphasis of this paper,and Shandong Province was pointed as the case study region. By the help of logistic regression,it could be found that the special distribution of the net income per peasant in Shandong Province was affected by three factors:distance to No.308 National Highway,distance to the coastline in the east of Shandong Province,and urbanization rates. Based on the decomposition of Gini index,the net income per peasant was divided into four parts,and it was found that the income from family business and salary were the two major sources of income. As to the mechanism for income inequality,it was proved that urbanization was still the key factor. In order to reduce income inequality,the local governments should promote urbanization through improving road networks,such as building highways,which could connect rural areas with the major nodes such as big cities and the port cities in the east.展开更多
Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarante...Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.展开更多
In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter ...In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter cultivation and open field cultivation in Tai'an and Jining were investigated.The results showed that under the rain shelter cultivation condition,the phenological period of grape delayed 5-8 d.The types of grape diseases and pests under the rain shelter cultivation were the same as those in the open filed cultivation.The most serious pests were Apolygus lucorum,followed by Lycorma delicatula,Erythreura apicalis and Thrips tabaci.The most serious leaf disease was downy mildew,and the most serious disease of grape berries was grape sour rot.Compared with the open field cultivation,the rain shelter cultivation could effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in grape leaves and fruit.At the end of May 2018 and 2019,the occurrence rate of grape pests under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 57.69%and 60.47%,respectively,and those in Jining reduced by 72.22%and 62.50%,respectively.In the middle of July of 2018 and 2019,the incidence of grape fruit diseases under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 62.49%and 50.07%,respectively,and that in Jining reduced by 49.96%and 100%,respectively.展开更多
This paper selected five main producing counties of Yangxin,Guanxian,Feixian,Tengzhou and Licheng in central and western Shandong Province.Based on the basic economic data of pear industry from 2011 to 2020,the cultiv...This paper selected five main producing counties of Yangxin,Guanxian,Feixian,Tengzhou and Licheng in central and western Shandong Province.Based on the basic economic data of pear industry from 2011 to 2020,the cultivation areas,yields,main cultivars,production costs and garden prices of pears in the main producing counties in the past 10 years were analyzed,so as to provide reference for the development of pear industry in Shandong Province.展开更多
In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and contr...In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.展开更多
Change of land use is related to regional food security and ecological security.This study analyzed structural changes,quantity changes and spatial changes of land resource utilization in the watershed of the Nansi La...Change of land use is related to regional food security and ecological security.This study analyzed structural changes,quantity changes and spatial changes of land resource utilization in the watershed of the Nansi Lake,Shandong Province from 2000 to 2012 on the basis of land use investigation data and relevant socio-economic data in the study period.It is to disclose the problems in the utilization of local land resources,and provide scientific support for the scientific management of land resources and sustainable development of social economy.展开更多
With the development of the tourism year,tourism fever has become an emerging vocabulary among the public.However,the maintenance of a good ecological environment is the basis for maximizing the benefits of resources ...With the development of the tourism year,tourism fever has become an emerging vocabulary among the public.However,the maintenance of a good ecological environment is the basis for maximizing the benefits of resources and the environment and developing tourism industry.In this paper,forest land,wetland coverage area and urban air quality were as the indicators of ecological environment quality,and the correlation between ecological environment quality and the number of inbound tourists and tourism income as well as the number of domestic tourists and tourism income in Shandong Province was analyzed.The results show that the overall ecological environment quality of Shandong Province has been continuously improved since 2008.By 2015,the forestry coverage rate increased to 24%,and the wetland area also expanded to 173 hm2.The total tourism income of Shandong Province continued to increase from 245.22 billion yuan in 2009 to 587.80 billion yuan in 2014,and the number of foreign tourists also rose from 3.10 million to 4.457 million.Typical eco-environmental quality indicators such as forest area and forest greening rate had a significant linear correlation with tourism income,and the correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.85.The results can provide relevant scientific reference for the future development of ecotourism and the protection of ecological environment.展开更多
文摘In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.
文摘Shandong is a significant province for foreign trade in China;however,it still faces shortcomings in the development of its service trade,as outlined below.Firstly,the scale of service trade is limited.Shandong’s service trade volume ranked sixth in China in 2022,lagging considerably behind Shanghai,Guangdong,Beijing,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu.Secondly,the proportion of service trade in Shandong compared to the overall national services trade volume falls below the national average,with the per capita scale even lower than the national average.Thirdly,Shandong’s service trade accounts for less than 10% of the province’s foreign trade,which is 3 percentage points below the national average.The insufficient development of Shandong’s service trade is mainly attributed to the weak performance of its own service industry and the limited scale of attracting foreign services investment.Accelerating the development of producer services in Shandong,promoting the intelligent upgrading of consumer services,and continuously promoting reform and opening up in the service sector will be conducive to achieving high-quality development of services trade in Shandong.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071226,41671176)Taishan Scholars Youth Expert Support Plan of Shandong Province(No.TSQN202306183)。
文摘Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristics of regional agricultural development.
文摘At the end of 2019,the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic brought great challenges to the world,and China's tourism industry suffered an unprecedented heavy blow.Exploring the impact of the epidemic on tourism consumption structure has become a research focus in the post-epidemic era.In this study,based on Shandong Tourism Statistics Handbook from 2018 to 2020,taking Shandong Province as an example,the changes of total tourism revenue and tourism consumption structure in Shandong Province before and after the COVID-19 epidemic were compared to predict the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era and find out existing problems,and optimization paths were put forward for the development of tourism in Shandong Province in the post-epidemic era.
基金This research was funded by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(grant number ZR202102240088).
文摘Population density functions have long been used to describe the spatial structure of regional population distributions.Several studies have been conducted to examine the population distribution in Shandong Province,China,but few have applied regional density functions to the analysis.Therefore,based on the 2000,2010,and 2020 population censuses,this study used monocentric and polycentric regional density functions to study the characteristics of population agglomeration and diffusion in Shandong.This is followed by an in-depth discussion based on population growth rate data and hot-and cold-spot analyses.The results showed that the Shandong Province population was spatially unevenly distributed.Population growth rates were higher in urban centers and counties,with more significant changes in population size in the eastern coastal areas than in the inland areas.As verified in this study,the logarithmic form of the single-center regional density function R2 was greater than 0.8,which was in line with the population spatial structure of Shandong Province.During the study period,the estimated population density of the regional center and the absolute value of the regional population density gradient both increased,indicating a clear and increasing trend of centripetal agglomeration of regional centers over the study period.Overall,the R2 value of the multicenter region density function was higher than that of the single-center region density function.The polycentric regional density function showed that the population density gradient of some centers had a downward trend,which reflected the spatial development trend of outward diffusion in these centers.Meanwhile,the variation in the estimated population density and the population density gradient exhibited differences in the central population distribution patterns at different levels.
基金Under the auspices of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.19CGL045)。
文摘Mastering the pattern of food loss caused by droughts and floods aids in planning the layout of agricultural production,determining the scale of drought and flood control projects,and reducing food loss.The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index is calculated using monthly meteorological data from 1984 to 2020 in Shandong Province of China and is used to identify the province’s drought and flood characteristics.Then,food losses due to droughts and floods are estimated separately from disaster loss data.Finally,the relationship between drought/flood-related factors and food losses is quantified using methods such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression.The results show that:1)there is a trend of aridity in Shandong Province,and the drought characteristic variables are increasing yearly while flood duration and severity are decreasing.2)The food losses caused by droughts in Shandong Province are more than those caused by floods,and the area where droughts and floods occur frequently is located in Linyi City.3)The impact of precipitation on food loss due to drought/flood is significant,followed by potential evapotranspiration and temperature.4)The relationship between drought and flood conditions and food losses can be precisely quantified.The accumulated drought duration of one month led to 1.939×10^(4)t of grain loss,and an increase in cumulative flood duration of one month resulted in1.134×10^(4)t of grain loss.If the cumulative drought severity and average drought peak increased by one unit,food loss due to drought will increase by 1.562×10^(4)t and 1.511×10^(6)t,respectively.If the cumulative flood severity and average flood peak increase by one unit,food loss will increase by 8.470×103t and 1.034×10^(6)t,respectively.
文摘This research investigates the impact of internships on skill acquisition among nursing students in vocational colleges in Shandong Province.By employing a mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews,the study re-veals the positive influence of internships on students’clinical competencies,professional qualities,and readiness for the workforce.Survey findings indicate heightened practical capabilities and increased confidence among students.Interviews emphasize the pivotal role of mentors in guiding skills development and professional growth.However,challenges such as resource constraints and workload imbalances during internships are also highlighted.These insights contribute to the en-hancement of nursing education and the preparation of competent nursing professionals in the region.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Key Project of Shandong Province(2008GG20007002 )Soft Scientific Research Planing Project(2009RKB161)Science and Technology Planning Project of Higher Education of Shandong Province(J08LI59)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was estimated,and its environmental benefit was analyzed.[Result] Biomass resources in Shandong Province mainly refer to crop residues,forest residues,grassland changed from degraded land.If degraded land became grassland,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was 182.808 8 million tons and 2.68×1015 kJ respectively.Meanwhile,the reduction of total emission of CO2,SO2 and nitrogen oxides was up to 241.265 million tons,and the reduced emission of SO2 accounted for 48.9% of annual SO2 emission in Shandong in 2009.Planting energy crops plays important roles in the development of new energy sources,reduction of greenhouse gas emission and environmental protection.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundations for the establishment of energy policy and study on development strategy of biomass energy in Shandong Province.
基金financially supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grant No.2014DFR21270)the China Geological Survey (grants No.12120114085401 and 121201102000150021)
文摘Objective Shandong Province is divided into two parts by the Tan–Lu fault zone:the western part(Luxi)and the eastern part(Jiaodong).Large-scale volcanic activity occurred during the Late Mesozoic in Shandong Province,eastern China(Fig.1b),and was controlled by the Tan–Lu fault zone and its secondary faults.Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Shandong Province mainly occur within the Cretaceous
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32072329,41976110)+1 种基金the Central PublicInterest Scientifi c Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2020TD71)the Earmarked Fund for CARS(CARS-49)。
文摘A total of 133 shellfish samples were collected in seven cities of Shandong Province,China,from May to October,2019.The domoic acid(DA)concentrations were determined by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and their distribution characteristics were investigated.DA concentration was detected high in over 1/3(36.1%)of the samples of four kinds of shellfish in all three seasons in range from 0 to 102μg/kg.The highest DA concentrations were 102,101,36.7,and 10.2μg/kg in Crassostrea gigas,Chlamys farreri,Mactra veneriformis,and Mytilus edulis,respectively.Geographically,Yantai(22.0μg/kg)and Weihai(16.9μg/kg)showed relatively high concentrations of DA,whereas Rizhao and Dongying presented only 0.85-and 1.76-μg/kg DA,respectively.DA concentrations in the shellfish samples were strongly related to seasonal changes,being significantly higher in autumn and summer than that in spring.The DA risk exposure assessments indicate that dietary seafood consumption did not pose a health threat to general human population.In addition,three isomers(isoA,isoD,isoE)and 5′-epimer DA were detected in 3.00%-15.80%of the shellfish samples.This study is the first to observe DA and its isomers in shellfish samples of Shandong Province.The results demonstrate that DA contamination is very common and should be continuously monitored.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to study the climate variation characteristics of frost in Shandong Province. [Method] The daily minimum surface temperature ≤ 0 ℃ in autumn or spring was as the frost index. Based on the daily minimum surface temperature data in 67 meteorological observatories of Shandong Province during 1961-2008, the variation characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period in Shandong Province were analyzed by using the climate diagnosis analysis method. [Result] The climate characteristics of first, last frost dates and frost-free period had the obvious geographical differences in Shandong Province in recent 48 years. The extreme differences of first, last frost dates and frost-free period were all above the three times of their standard deviations. It illustrated that the dispersion degrees of first, last dates and frost-free period were all very big. The average first frost date postponed with 1.99 d/10 a velocity in Shandong Province in recent 48 years, and the last frost date advanced with 1.46 d/10 a velocity. The postponing range of first frost date was bigger than the advancing range of last frost date, and the frost-free period prolonged with 3.42 d/10 a velocity. Seen from the interdecadal variations, the first frost date started to obviously postpone, and the last frost date obviously advanced since the 1990s. The frost-free period also started to obviously prolong since the 1990s. [Conclusion] The research provided the certain reference for the predication, prevention of frost disaster and the structure adjustment of crops.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40635029,40871257)
文摘Income inequality among farmers living in different regions was an important form of territorial inequalities. Studying the territorial inequality of the net income per peasant was an emphasis of this paper,and Shandong Province was pointed as the case study region. By the help of logistic regression,it could be found that the special distribution of the net income per peasant in Shandong Province was affected by three factors:distance to No.308 National Highway,distance to the coastline in the east of Shandong Province,and urbanization rates. Based on the decomposition of Gini index,the net income per peasant was divided into four parts,and it was found that the income from family business and salary were the two major sources of income. As to the mechanism for income inequality,it was proved that urbanization was still the key factor. In order to reduce income inequality,the local governments should promote urbanization through improving road networks,such as building highways,which could connect rural areas with the major nodes such as big cities and the port cities in the east.
基金Shandong Provincial Cotton Green,High-yield and Efficient Creation Project(LNMZ[2017]5).
文摘Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Linyi City(2020ZX010)Agricultural Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province(2020LZGC008)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2021A11)。
文摘In order to make clear the effects of rain shelter cultivation on the incidence of diseases and pests of grape in Shandong Province,with Summer Black as the material,the diseases and pests of grape under rain shelter cultivation and open field cultivation in Tai'an and Jining were investigated.The results showed that under the rain shelter cultivation condition,the phenological period of grape delayed 5-8 d.The types of grape diseases and pests under the rain shelter cultivation were the same as those in the open filed cultivation.The most serious pests were Apolygus lucorum,followed by Lycorma delicatula,Erythreura apicalis and Thrips tabaci.The most serious leaf disease was downy mildew,and the most serious disease of grape berries was grape sour rot.Compared with the open field cultivation,the rain shelter cultivation could effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in grape leaves and fruit.At the end of May 2018 and 2019,the occurrence rate of grape pests under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 57.69%and 60.47%,respectively,and those in Jining reduced by 72.22%and 62.50%,respectively.In the middle of July of 2018 and 2019,the incidence of grape fruit diseases under the rain shelter cultivation in Tai'an reduced by 62.49%and 50.07%,respectively,and that in Jining reduced by 49.96%and 100%,respectively.
基金Supported by Agricultural Improved Variety Project of Shandong Province(2019LZGC008)Pear Research System(CARS-28-36)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019BC075,ZR2020MC141,ZR2021MC177)National Youth Fund(31801845)Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2022A04)。
文摘This paper selected five main producing counties of Yangxin,Guanxian,Feixian,Tengzhou and Licheng in central and western Shandong Province.Based on the basic economic data of pear industry from 2011 to 2020,the cultivation areas,yields,main cultivars,production costs and garden prices of pears in the main producing counties in the past 10 years were analyzed,so as to provide reference for the development of pear industry in Shandong Province.
基金Supported by Cotton Innovation Team of Shandong Agricultural Industry Research System (SDAIT-07-011-09)Cash Crop Innovation Team Project of Zibo Agricultural Industry Research System。
文摘In order to better serve cotton farmers,green prevention and control technologies of pests are formulated according to the sowing,seedling and adult stages of cotton from the aspects of ecological prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological control and scientific use of pesticides,thus realizing green prevention and control of pests during the whole growth period of cotton.
文摘Change of land use is related to regional food security and ecological security.This study analyzed structural changes,quantity changes and spatial changes of land resource utilization in the watershed of the Nansi Lake,Shandong Province from 2000 to 2012 on the basis of land use investigation data and relevant socio-economic data in the study period.It is to disclose the problems in the utilization of local land resources,and provide scientific support for the scientific management of land resources and sustainable development of social economy.
文摘With the development of the tourism year,tourism fever has become an emerging vocabulary among the public.However,the maintenance of a good ecological environment is the basis for maximizing the benefits of resources and the environment and developing tourism industry.In this paper,forest land,wetland coverage area and urban air quality were as the indicators of ecological environment quality,and the correlation between ecological environment quality and the number of inbound tourists and tourism income as well as the number of domestic tourists and tourism income in Shandong Province was analyzed.The results show that the overall ecological environment quality of Shandong Province has been continuously improved since 2008.By 2015,the forestry coverage rate increased to 24%,and the wetland area also expanded to 173 hm2.The total tourism income of Shandong Province continued to increase from 245.22 billion yuan in 2009 to 587.80 billion yuan in 2014,and the number of foreign tourists also rose from 3.10 million to 4.457 million.Typical eco-environmental quality indicators such as forest area and forest greening rate had a significant linear correlation with tourism income,and the correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.85.The results can provide relevant scientific reference for the future development of ecotourism and the protection of ecological environment.
