This research sampled subaerial ambient coarse aerosol particles （〉2μm of equivalent area diameter） in the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang to measure the particle size distribution and shape characterist...This research sampled subaerial ambient coarse aerosol particles （〉2μm of equivalent area diameter） in the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang to measure the particle size distribution and shape characteristics by the analyzer of CIS-50 and the scan electronic microscope of S-570 in the non-heating period and heating period respectively. The results show that the coarse aerosol particle size distribution mode is 2-4μm in the non-heating period and 3-5μm in the heating period, with the size range of 0.8-120μm, mostly under 10μm; and the square or square like particle shape is dominant, the sphere like lesser, the acute-angle and lathy shape sparse. There exist particle size distribution and shape characteristics differences in the non-heating period and heating period influenced greatly by the ground coal combustion emission and windblown dust. In the heating period, particle size average increases by 53.2%, principally in the size range of 5-10μm, and 20-50μm secondly. Meanwhile, the particle number of quasi-round and round shape group and those with convex-concave fractal edge increase obviously. These quasi-round particles are agglomerate derived from combustion in the SEM images. The relationship between particle size and shape is demonstrated by that the percentage of PM5 and the particle number of the quasi-square and square shape group are positively correlative with r of 0.9458; quasi-round and round shape group negatively correlative with r of-0.9726 respectively.展开更多
In this paper, Fourier and Wavelet transformation were adopted to analyze shape char- acteristics, with twelve simple shapes and two types of second phases from real microstructure mor- phology. According to the resul...In this paper, Fourier and Wavelet transformation were adopted to analyze shape char- acteristics, with twelve simple shapes and two types of second phases from real microstructure mor- phology. According to the results of Fast Fourier transformation （FFT）, the Fourier descriptors can be used to characterize the shape from the aspects of the first eight Normalization amplitudes, the number of the largest amplitudes to inverse reconstruction, similarity of shapes and profile roughness. And the Diepenbroek Roughness was rewritten by Normalization amplitudes of FFT results. Moreover, Sum Square of Relative Errors （SSRE） of Wavelet transformation （WT） signal sequence, including approximation signals and detail signals, was introduced to evaluate the simi- larity and relative orientation among shapes. As a complement to FFT results, the WT results can retain more detailed information of shapes including their orientations. Besides, the geometric sig- natures of the second phases were extracted by image processing and then were analyzed by means of FFT and WT.展开更多
To improve the classification method of body type, 103 young female college students in Jiaodong area(Shandong, China) were measured by a 3 D body scanning system, and variables of upper body parts were selected and a...To improve the classification method of body type, 103 young female college students in Jiaodong area(Shandong, China) were measured by a 3 D body scanning system, and variables of upper body parts were selected and analyzed by SPSS software. According to the indices such as the chest ratio, the chest sagittal diameter ratio, and the shoulder angle, the tested population was quickly clustered into six categories by the classification method of “size feature+shape index+front and back indices”, which were divided into flat chest body, graceful body, breast augmentation body, normal body, convex back body, and flat body. The proportion of various body types and classification rules were obtained. According to the classification rules, 103 samples and 15 new females’ body data were analyzed and verified. Finally, according to the descriptive statistical analysis of upper body-related indicators of young female in this area, the height and the chest circumference were selected as independent variables, regression analysis was carried out on 11 related indicators, and the mapping relationship between height and chest circumference was studied, which provided a mathematical model for the design of fit clothing structure of young females in Jiaodong area.展开更多
The effect of thermal cycling and aging in martensitic state in Ti-Pd-Ni alloys were investigated by DSC and TEM observations. It is shown that the thermal cycling causes the decreases in M, and Af temperatures in Ti5...The effect of thermal cycling and aging in martensitic state in Ti-Pd-Ni alloys were investigated by DSC and TEM observations. It is shown that the thermal cycling causes the decreases in M, and Af temperatures in Ti50Pd50-xNix (x=10, 20, 30) alloys, but no obvious thermal cycling effect was observed in Ti50Pd50Pd40Ni10 alloys and the aging effect shows a curious feature, i.e., the Af temperature does not saturate even after relatively long time aging, which is considered to be due to the occurrence of recovery recrystallization during aging.展开更多
The paper studied the relationship between microstructure and shape recovery characteristics by using colored microstructure analysis under polarized light on the thermomechanical cycled CuAlNi single crystals. The tw...The paper studied the relationship between microstructure and shape recovery characteristics by using colored microstructure analysis under polarized light on the thermomechanical cycled CuAlNi single crystals. The two-way shape memory effect in quenched thin bar resulted from the preferential formation/extinction of martensite variant due to the internal quench stress, and the variant was formed at an angle of about 45 deg. with the tension direction ([001] of the βphase). Initial thermomechanical cycling under relatively low stress single variant stress-induced martensite was formed at an angle of 45 deg. with the tension and its morphology was a lath of parallel twins. More than one group of variants were formed after several training cycles and such variants also caused tilting of some thermally formed accommodated martensite. By overheating the trained sample containing stabilized multi-variants of stress-induced martensite, very coarse martensite structure with a strong asymmetry was produced, which caused the reverse two-way shape memory effect.展开更多
It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer stud...It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope（SEM）micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found（1） Rosa xanthina Lindl（shrub species） had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera（broadleaf species） and Pinus bungeana Zucc.（coniferous species）, in terms of particle number and particle area cover.（2） 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.（3） 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.展开更多
In terms of the requirement of automatically sorting pearls, the pearl contour feature extraction and shape recognition algorithm are studied in this paper to reckon with the rapid identification of pearls shape onlin...In terms of the requirement of automatically sorting pearls, the pearl contour feature extraction and shape recognition algorithm are studied in this paper to reckon with the rapid identification of pearls shape online,and a monocular dynamic machine vision-based pearl shape detection device is designed. Through blowing, the pearl is suspended in a funnel shaped container and flipped rapidly in the device. The entire surface image of the pearl to be measured can be promptly grasped by the camera placed right above the funnel. The results of illumination experiments conducted from different angles indicate that the image contour acquired by the medium angle illumination is better extracted. The pearl shape test indicates that the method is incorporated with the inflatable suspension device to classify the pearls into seven types according to the national standard,and additionally the average error rate is confined under 5.38%. The shape characteristic of the pearl can be detected promptly and reliably, and accordingly the high-speed automatic sorting can be satisfied.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements： The study is supported by the Hebei Province Natural Science Foundation （No. D200500176） and the open fund of Hebei Provincial Key Lab of Ecology and Environment Monitoring （No. SYSKF0604）. The authors thank for the help of professor LI Ji-biao for the SEM observation and the support from the size analysis lab of Hebei Normal University.
文摘This research sampled subaerial ambient coarse aerosol particles （〉2μm of equivalent area diameter） in the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang to measure the particle size distribution and shape characteristics by the analyzer of CIS-50 and the scan electronic microscope of S-570 in the non-heating period and heating period respectively. The results show that the coarse aerosol particle size distribution mode is 2-4μm in the non-heating period and 3-5μm in the heating period, with the size range of 0.8-120μm, mostly under 10μm; and the square or square like particle shape is dominant, the sphere like lesser, the acute-angle and lathy shape sparse. There exist particle size distribution and shape characteristics differences in the non-heating period and heating period influenced greatly by the ground coal combustion emission and windblown dust. In the heating period, particle size average increases by 53.2%, principally in the size range of 5-10μm, and 20-50μm secondly. Meanwhile, the particle number of quasi-round and round shape group and those with convex-concave fractal edge increase obviously. These quasi-round particles are agglomerate derived from combustion in the SEM images. The relationship between particle size and shape is demonstrated by that the percentage of PM5 and the particle number of the quasi-square and square shape group are positively correlative with r of 0.9458; quasi-round and round shape group negatively correlative with r of-0.9726 respectively.
基金the support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51275414)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No.2011ZE53059)
文摘In this paper, Fourier and Wavelet transformation were adopted to analyze shape char- acteristics, with twelve simple shapes and two types of second phases from real microstructure mor- phology. According to the results of Fast Fourier transformation （FFT）, the Fourier descriptors can be used to characterize the shape from the aspects of the first eight Normalization amplitudes, the number of the largest amplitudes to inverse reconstruction, similarity of shapes and profile roughness. And the Diepenbroek Roughness was rewritten by Normalization amplitudes of FFT results. Moreover, Sum Square of Relative Errors （SSRE） of Wavelet transformation （WT） signal sequence, including approximation signals and detail signals, was introduced to evaluate the simi- larity and relative orientation among shapes. As a complement to FFT results, the WT results can retain more detailed information of shapes including their orientations. Besides, the geometric sig- natures of the second phases were extracted by image processing and then were analyzed by means of FFT and WT.
文摘To improve the classification method of body type, 103 young female college students in Jiaodong area(Shandong, China) were measured by a 3 D body scanning system, and variables of upper body parts were selected and analyzed by SPSS software. According to the indices such as the chest ratio, the chest sagittal diameter ratio, and the shoulder angle, the tested population was quickly clustered into six categories by the classification method of “size feature+shape index+front and back indices”, which were divided into flat chest body, graceful body, breast augmentation body, normal body, convex back body, and flat body. The proportion of various body types and classification rules were obtained. According to the classification rules, 103 samples and 15 new females’ body data were analyzed and verified. Finally, according to the descriptive statistical analysis of upper body-related indicators of young female in this area, the height and the chest circumference were selected as independent variables, regression analysis was carried out on 11 related indicators, and the mapping relationship between height and chest circumference was studied, which provided a mathematical model for the design of fit clothing structure of young females in Jiaodong area.
基金This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid fOrEncouragement of Young Scientists (W.C.) (l998-1999) from the Ministry of Educat
文摘The effect of thermal cycling and aging in martensitic state in Ti-Pd-Ni alloys were investigated by DSC and TEM observations. It is shown that the thermal cycling causes the decreases in M, and Af temperatures in Ti50Pd50-xNix (x=10, 20, 30) alloys, but no obvious thermal cycling effect was observed in Ti50Pd50Pd40Ni10 alloys and the aging effect shows a curious feature, i.e., the Af temperature does not saturate even after relatively long time aging, which is considered to be due to the occurrence of recovery recrystallization during aging.
文摘The paper studied the relationship between microstructure and shape recovery characteristics by using colored microstructure analysis under polarized light on the thermomechanical cycled CuAlNi single crystals. The two-way shape memory effect in quenched thin bar resulted from the preferential formation/extinction of martensite variant due to the internal quench stress, and the variant was formed at an angle of about 45 deg. with the tension direction ([001] of the βphase). Initial thermomechanical cycling under relatively low stress single variant stress-induced martensite was formed at an angle of 45 deg. with the tension and its morphology was a lath of parallel twins. More than one group of variants were formed after several training cycles and such variants also caused tilting of some thermally formed accommodated martensite. By overheating the trained sample containing stabilized multi-variants of stress-induced martensite, very coarse martensite structure with a strong asymmetry was produced, which caused the reverse two-way shape memory effect.
基金supported by the “One-Hundred Talents” program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. N234)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41430638 and 41301199)the project “Major Special Project-The China High-Resolution Earth Observation System”
文摘It is widely accepted that urban plant leaves can capture airborne particles. Previous studies on the particle capture capacity of plant leaves have mostly focused on particle mass and/or size distribution. Fewer studies, however, have examined the particle density, and the size and shape characteristics of particles, which may have important implications for evaluating the particle capture efficiency of plants, and identifying the particle sources. In addition, the role of different vegetation types is as yet unclear. Here, we chose three species of different vegetation types, and firstly applied an object-based classification approach to automatically identify the particles from scanning electron microscope（SEM）micrographs. We then quantified the particle capture efficiency, and the major sources of particles were identified. We found（1） Rosa xanthina Lindl（shrub species） had greater retention efficiency than Broussonetia papyrifera（broadleaf species） and Pinus bungeana Zucc.（coniferous species）, in terms of particle number and particle area cover.（2） 97.9% of the identified particles had diameter ≤10 μm, and 67.1% of them had diameter ≤2.5 μm. 89.8% of the particles had smooth boundaries, with 23.4% of them being nearly spherical.（3） 32.4%–74.1% of the particles were generated from bare soil and construction activities, and 15.5%–23.0% were mainly from vehicle exhaust and cooking fumes.
基金the Foundation of Zhejiang Key Level1 Discipline of Forestry Engineering within the Research Project(No.2014lygcz018)the Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(No.2012C32021)+1 种基金the Preresearch Project of the Research Center for Smart Agriculture and Forestry,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University(No.2013ZHNL02)the Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University(No.2012FR070)
文摘In terms of the requirement of automatically sorting pearls, the pearl contour feature extraction and shape recognition algorithm are studied in this paper to reckon with the rapid identification of pearls shape online,and a monocular dynamic machine vision-based pearl shape detection device is designed. Through blowing, the pearl is suspended in a funnel shaped container and flipped rapidly in the device. The entire surface image of the pearl to be measured can be promptly grasped by the camera placed right above the funnel. The results of illumination experiments conducted from different angles indicate that the image contour acquired by the medium angle illumination is better extracted. The pearl shape test indicates that the method is incorporated with the inflatable suspension device to classify the pearls into seven types according to the national standard,and additionally the average error rate is confined under 5.38%. The shape characteristic of the pearl can be detected promptly and reliably, and accordingly the high-speed automatic sorting can be satisfied.
