The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is ...The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.展开更多
An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection ...An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.展开更多
Similarity has been playing an important role in computer science,artificial intelligence(AI)and data science.However,similarity intelligence has been ignored in these disciplines.Similarity intelligence is a process ...Similarity has been playing an important role in computer science,artificial intelligence(AI)and data science.However,similarity intelligence has been ignored in these disciplines.Similarity intelligence is a process of discovering intelligence through similarity.This article will explore similarity intelligence,similarity-based reasoning,similarity computing and analytics.More specifically,this article looks at the similarity as an intelligence and its impact on a few areas in the real world.It explores similarity intelligence accompanying experience-based intelligence,knowledge-based intelligence,and data-based intelligence to play an important role in computer science,AI,and data science.This article explores similarity-based reasoning(SBR)and proposes three similarity-based inference rules.It then examines similarity computing and analytics,and a multiagent SBR system.The main contributions of this article are:1)Similarity intelligence is discovered from experience-based intelligence consisting of data-based intelligence and knowledge-based intelligence.2)Similarity-based reasoning,computing and analytics can be used to create similarity intelligence.The proposed approach will facilitate research and development of similarity intelligence,similarity computing and analytics,machine learning and case-based reasoning.展开更多
The municipality of Boa Nova,in northeastern Brazil,is in an ecotone zone between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domains.The transition phytophysiognomy is seasonal forest and known locally as mata d...The municipality of Boa Nova,in northeastern Brazil,is in an ecotone zone between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domains.The transition phytophysiognomy is seasonal forest and known locally as mata de cipó.In these phytophysiognomies there are lajedos,which are rock outcrops colonized by vegetation welladapted to extreme microclimatic variation and vegetation diversity is affected by the vegetation types of the surrounding areas.Due to the singularity of these environments and the relevance of floristic studies for conservation,this work aimed to identify the species richness and compare the similarity of the flora on four rock outcrops in Boa Nova.The flora was surveyed during exploratory walks along lajedos between 2016 and 2019.In total,162 species were identified on the Boa Nova outcrops.The flora has a composition and structure similar to semiarid outcrops,as well as endemic species that also occur in surrounding phytophysiomies.Despite the proximity,a similarity index revealed there is floristic dissimilarity between the areas.Nine new occurrences were recorded for the region,five species are threatened with extinction(Aosa gilgiana,Ficus cyclophylla,Hippeastrum stigmovittatum,Pleroma caatingae and Trixis pruskii),and 43 species are common in anthropogenic areas.This reinforces the importance of actions to conserve these areas.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms and risks of forest fires by building a spatial prediction model is an important means of controlling forest fires.Non-fire point data are important training data for constructing a model,...Understanding the mechanisms and risks of forest fires by building a spatial prediction model is an important means of controlling forest fires.Non-fire point data are important training data for constructing a model,and their quality significantly impacts the prediction performance of the model.However,non-fire point data obtained using existing sampling methods generally suffer from low representativeness.Therefore,this study proposes a non-fire point data sampling method based on geographical similarity to improve the quality of non-fire point samples.The method is based on the idea that the less similar the geographical environment between a sample point and an already occurred fire point,the greater the confidence in being a non-fire point sample.Yunnan Province,China,with a high frequency of forest fires,was used as the study area.We compared the prediction performance of traditional sampling methods and the proposed method using three commonly used forest fire risk prediction models:logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF).The results show that the modeling and prediction accuracies of the forest fire prediction models established based on the proposed sampling method are significantly improved compared with those of the traditional sampling method.Specifically,in 2010,the modeling and prediction accuracies improved by 19.1%and 32.8%,respectively,and in 2020,they improved by 13.1%and 24.3%,respectively.Therefore,we believe that collecting non-fire point samples based on the principle of geographical similarity is an effective way to improve the quality of forest fire samples,and thus enhance the prediction of forest fire risk.展开更多
Operation control of power systems has become challenging with an increase in the scale and complexity of power distribution systems and extensive access to renewable energy.Therefore,improvement of the ability of dat...Operation control of power systems has become challenging with an increase in the scale and complexity of power distribution systems and extensive access to renewable energy.Therefore,improvement of the ability of data-driven operation management,intelligent analysis,and mining is urgently required.To investigate and explore similar regularities of the historical operating section of the power distribution system and assist the power grid in obtaining high-value historical operation,maintenance experience,and knowledge by rule and line,a neural information retrieval model with an attention mechanism is proposed based on graph data computing technology.Based on the processing flow of the operating data of the power distribution system,a technical framework of neural information retrieval is established.Combined with the natural graph characteristics of the power distribution system,a unified graph data structure and a data fusion method of data access,data complement,and multi-source data are constructed.Further,a graph node feature-embedding representation learning algorithm and a neural information retrieval algorithm model are constructed.The neural information retrieval algorithm model is trained and tested using the generated graph node feature representation vector set.The model is verified on the operating section of the power distribution system of a provincial grid area.The results show that the proposed method demonstrates high accuracy in the similarity matching of historical operation characteristics and effectively supports intelligent fault diagnosis and elimination in power distribution systems.展开更多
Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informati...Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informative sentences from biomedical articles is always challenging.This study aims to develop a dual-mode biomedical text summarization model to achieve enhanced coverage and information.The research also includes checking the fitment of appropriate graph ranking techniques for improved performance of the summarization model.The input biomedical text is mapped as a graph where meaningful sentences are evaluated as the central node and the critical associations between them.The proposed framework utilizes the top k similarity technique in a combination of UMLS and a sampled probability-based clustering method which aids in unearthing relevant meanings of the biomedical domain-specific word vectors and finding the best possible associations between crucial sentences.The quality of the framework is assessed via different parameters like information retention,coverage,readability,cohesion,and ROUGE scores in clustering and non-clustering modes.The significant benefits of the suggested technique are capturing crucial biomedical information with increased coverage and reasonable memory consumption.The configurable settings of combined parameters reduce execution time,enhance memory utilization,and extract relevant information outperforming other biomedical baseline models.An improvement of 17%is achieved when the proposed model is checked against similar biomedical text summarizers.展开更多
Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysica...Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.展开更多
Recently,security issues of smart contracts are arising great attention due to the enormous financial loss caused by vulnerability attacks.There is an increasing need to detect similar codes for hunting vulnerability ...Recently,security issues of smart contracts are arising great attention due to the enormous financial loss caused by vulnerability attacks.There is an increasing need to detect similar codes for hunting vulnerability with the increase of critical security issues in smart contracts.Binary similarity detection that quantitatively measures the given code diffing has been widely adopted to facilitate critical security analysis.However,due to the difference between common programs and smart contract,such as diversity of bytecode generation and highly code homogeneity,directly adopting existing graph matching and machine learning based techniques to smart contracts suffers from low accuracy,poor scalability and the limitation of binary similarity on function level.Therefore,this paper investigates graph neural network to detect smart contract binary code similarity at the program level,where we conduct instruction-level normalization to reduce the noise code for smart contract pre-processing and construct contract control flow graphs to represent smart contracts.In particular,two improved Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)and Message Passing Neural Network(MPNN)models are explored to encode the contract graphs into quantitatively vectors,which can capture the semantic information and the program-wide control flow information with temporal orders.Then we can efficiently accomplish the similarity detection by measuring the distance between two targeted contract embeddings.To evaluate the effectiveness and efficient of our proposed method,extensive experiments are performed on two real-world datasets,i.e.,smart contracts from Ethereum and Enterprise Operation System(EOS)blockchain-based platforms.The results show that our proposed approach outperforms three state-of-the-art methods by a large margin,achieving a great improvement up to 6.1%and 17.06%in accuracy.展开更多
An information system is a type of knowledge representation,and attribute reduction is crucial in big data,machine learning,data mining,and intelligent systems.There are several ways for solving attribute reduction pr...An information system is a type of knowledge representation,and attribute reduction is crucial in big data,machine learning,data mining,and intelligent systems.There are several ways for solving attribute reduction problems,but they all require a common categorization.The selection of features in most scientific studies is a challenge for the researcher.When working with huge datasets,selecting all available attributes is not an option because it frequently complicates the study and decreases performance.On the other side,neglecting some attributes might jeopardize data accuracy.In this case,rough set theory provides a useful approach for identifying superfluous attributes that may be ignored without sacrificing any significant information;nonetheless,investigating all available combinations of attributes will result in some problems.Furthermore,because attribute reduction is primarily a mathematical issue,technical progress in reduction is dependent on the advancement of mathematical models.Because the focus of this study is on the mathematical side of attribute reduction,we propose some methods to make a reduction for information systems according to classical rough set theory,the strength of rules and similarity matrix,we applied our proposed methods to several examples and calculate the reduction for each case.These methods expand the options of attribute reductions for researchers.展开更多
Content-based medical image retrieval(CBMIR)is a technique for retrieving medical images based on automatically derived image features.There are many applications of CBMIR,such as teaching,research,diagnosis and elect...Content-based medical image retrieval(CBMIR)is a technique for retrieving medical images based on automatically derived image features.There are many applications of CBMIR,such as teaching,research,diagnosis and electronic patient records.Several methods are applied to enhance the retrieval performance of CBMIR systems.Developing new and effective similarity measure and features fusion methods are two of the most powerful and effective strategies for improving these systems.This study proposes the relative difference-based similarity measure(RDBSM)for CBMIR.The new measure was first used in the similarity calculation stage for the CBMIR using an unweighted fusion method of traditional color and texture features.Furthermore,the study also proposes a weighted fusion method for medical image features extracted using pre-trained convolutional neural networks(CNNs)models.Our proposed RDBSM has outperformed the standard well-known similarity and distance measures using two popular medical image datasets,Kvasir and PH2,in terms of recall and precision retrieval measures.The effectiveness and quality of our proposed similarity measure are also proved using a significant test and statistical confidence bound.展开更多
The facial landmarks can provide valuable information for expression-related tasks.However,most approaches only use landmarks for segmentation preprocessing or directly input them into the neural network for fully con...The facial landmarks can provide valuable information for expression-related tasks.However,most approaches only use landmarks for segmentation preprocessing or directly input them into the neural network for fully connection.Such simple combination not only fails to pass the spatial information to network,but also increases calculation amounts.The method proposed in this paper aims to integrate facial landmarks-driven representation into the triplet network.The spatial information provided by landmarks is introduced into the feature extraction process,so that the model can better capture the location relationship.In addition,coordinate information is also integrated into the triple loss calculation to further enhance similarity prediction.Specifically,for each image,the coordinates of 68 landmarks are detected,and then a region attention map based on these landmarks is generated.For the feature map output by the shallow convolutional layer,it will be multiplied with the attention map to correct the feature activation,so as to strengthen the key region and weaken the unimportant region.Finally,the optimized embedding output can be further used for downstream tasks.Three embeddings of three images output by the network can be regarded as a triplet representation for similarity computation.Through the CK+dataset,the effectiveness of such an optimized feature extraction is verified.After that,it is applied to facial expression similarity tasks.The results on the facial expression comparison(FEC)dataset show that the accuracy rate will be significantly improved after the landmark information is introduced.展开更多
Neurodegeneration is attributable to metabolic disturbances in the various cell types responsible for this condition, in respect of glucose utilisation and dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative mechanisms. The propert...Neurodegeneration is attributable to metabolic disturbances in the various cell types responsible for this condition, in respect of glucose utilisation and dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative mechanisms. The properties of neurotoxins and antagonists that limit their action are well documented in disease models, whereas effective therapy is very limited. Cell apoptosis, a general marker of neurodegeneration, is also of therapeutic interest in the treatment of cancer. cGMP nucleotide influences apoptosis and has a role in maintaining equilibrium within cell redox parameters. The chemical structure of cGMP provides a comparative template for demonstrating relative molecular similarity within the structures of natural and synthetic compounds influencing tumour cell apoptosis. The present study uses computational software to investigate molecular similarity within the structures of cGMP and compounds that modulate cell apoptosis in experimental models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. Differential molecular similarity demonstrated in neurotoxin and antagonist structures implicate metabolite impairment of cGMP signaling function as a common mechanism in the initial phases of these neurodegenerative conditions.展开更多
Railway passenger flow forecasting can help to develop sensible railway schedules,make full use of railway resources,and meet the travel demand of passengers.The structure of passenger flow in railway networks and the...Railway passenger flow forecasting can help to develop sensible railway schedules,make full use of railway resources,and meet the travel demand of passengers.The structure of passenger flow in railway networks and the spatiotemporal relationship of passenger flow among stations are two distinctive features of railway passenger flow.Most of the previous studies used only a single feature for prediction and lacked correlations,resulting in suboptimal performance.To address the above-mentioned problem,we proposed the railway passenger flow prediction model called Flow-Similarity Attention Graph Convolutional Network(F-SAGCN).First,we constructed the passenger flow relations graph(RG)based on the Origin-Destination(OD).Second,the Passenger Flow Fluctuation Similarity(PFFS)algorithm is used to measure the similarity of passenger flow between stations,which helps construct the spatiotemporal similarity graph(SG).Then,we determine the weights of the mutual influence of different stations at different times through an attention mechanism and extract spatiotemporal features through graph convolution on the RG and SG.Finally,we fused the spatiotemporal features and the original temporal features of stations for prediction.The comparison experiments on a railway bureau’s accurate railway passenger flow data show that the proposed F-SAGCN method improved the prediction accuracy and reduced the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of 46 stations to 7.93%.展开更多
Cholesterol and cholesterol oxides impact on the functional properties of cells, in respect of the intracellular and extracellular distribution of compounds across cell membranes, carcinogenesis and drug resistance. A...Cholesterol and cholesterol oxides impact on the functional properties of cells, in respect of the intracellular and extracellular distribution of compounds across cell membranes, carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Abnormal levels of cholesterol oxides and steroids in cancerous tissues promote interest in steroid receptor cross-talk during cell-signalling and the steroid metabolome of cancer patients. The research literature links the cytotoxic properties of oxysterols to interference with the NO/cGMP pathway. cGMP participates in cell-signalling and has a molecular structure that relates to cancer-inducing and cancer-preventing agents. This study uses a molecular modelling approach to compare the structures of cholesterol oxides to cGMP. Cholesterol and cholesterol oxide structures fit to a cGMP structural template in several ways, some of which are replicated by corticosteroids and gonadal steroid hormones. The results of this study support the concept that cholesterol oxides modulate cell apoptosis and autophagy via the NO/cGMP pathway and in conjunction with steroid hormones participate in modulating regulation of cell function by cGMP.展开更多
Ontologies have been used for several years in life sciences to formally represent concepts and reason about knowledge bases in domains such as the semantic web, information retrieval and artificial intelligence. The ...Ontologies have been used for several years in life sciences to formally represent concepts and reason about knowledge bases in domains such as the semantic web, information retrieval and artificial intelligence. The exploration of these domains for the correspondence of semantic content requires calculation of the measure of semantic similarity between concepts. Semantic similarity is a measure on a set of documents, based on the similarity of their meanings, which refers to the similarity between two concepts belonging to one or more ontologies. The similarity between concepts is also a quantitative measure of information, calculated based on the properties of concepts and their relationships. This study proposes a method for finding similarity between concepts in two different ontologies based on feature, information content and structure. More specifically, this means proposing a hybrid method using two existing measures to find the similarity between two concepts from different ontologies based on information content and the set of common superconcepts, which represents the set of common parent concepts. We simulated our method on datasets. The results show that our measure provides similarity values that are better than those reported in the literature.展开更多
Recommendation systems are going to be an integral part of any E-Business in near future.As in any other E-business,recommendation systems also play a key role in the travel business where the user has to be recommend...Recommendation systems are going to be an integral part of any E-Business in near future.As in any other E-business,recommendation systems also play a key role in the travel business where the user has to be recommended with a restaurant that best suits him.In general,the recommendations to a user are made based on similarity that exists between the intended user and the other users.This similarity can be calculated either based on the similarity between the user profiles or the similarity between the ratings made by the users.First phase of this work concentrates on experimentally analyzing both these models and get a deep insight of these models.With the lessons learned from the insights,second phase of the work concentrates on developing a deep learning model.The model does not depend on the other user's profile or rating made by them.The model is tested with a small restaurant dataset and the model can predict whether a user likes the restaurant or not.The model is trained with different users and their rating.The system learns from it and in order to predict whether a new user likes or not a restaurant that he/she has not visited earlier,all the data the trained model needed is the rating made by the same user for different restaurants.The model is deployed in a cloud environment in order to extend it to be more realistic product in future.Result evaluated with dataset,it achieves 74.6%is accurate prediction of results,where as existing techniques achieves only 64%.展开更多
The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-simil...The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.展开更多
Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity co...Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity computing based on the meaning has been used more widely in the similarity computing of the words and phrase. Using the knowledge structure of the and its method of knowledge description, taking into account the other factor and weight that influenced similarity, making full use of depth and density of the Concept-Sememe tree, an improved method of Chinese word similarity calculation based on semantic distance was provided in this paper. Finally the effectiveness of this method was verified by the simulation results.展开更多
Electrical discharge machining(EDM) is a promising non-traditional micro machining technology that offers a vast array of applications in the manufacturing industry. However, scale effects occur when machining at the ...Electrical discharge machining(EDM) is a promising non-traditional micro machining technology that offers a vast array of applications in the manufacturing industry. However, scale effects occur when machining at the micro-scale, which can make it difficult to predict and optimize the machining performances of micro EDM. A new concept of "scale effects" in micro EDM is proposed, the scale effects can reveal the difference in machining performances between micro EDM and conventional macro EDM. Similarity theory is presented to evaluate the scale effects in micro EDM. Single factor experiments are conducted and the experimental results are analyzed by discussing the similarity difference and similarity precision. The results show that the output results of scale effects in micro EDM do not change linearly with discharge parameters. The values of similarity precision of machining time significantly increase when scaling-down the capacitance or open-circuit voltage. It is indicated that the lower the scale of the discharge parameter, the greater the deviation of non-geometrical similarity degree over geometrical similarity degree, which means that the micro EDM system with lower discharge energy experiences more scale effects. The largest similarity difference is 5.34 while the largest similarity precision can be as high as 114.03. It is suggested that the similarity precision is more effective in reflecting the scale effects and their fluctuation than similarity difference. Consequently, similarity theory is suitable for evaluating the scale effects in micro EDM. This proposed research offers engineering values for optimizing the machining parameters and improving the machining performances of micro EDM.展开更多
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972796).
文摘The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.
文摘An internal defect meter is an instrument to detect the internal inclusion defects of cold-rolled strip steel.The detection accuracy of the equipment can be evaluated based on the similarity of the multiple detection data obtained for the same steel coil.Based on the cosine similarity model and eigenvalue matrix model,a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the weighted average of similarity is proposed.Results show that the new method is consistent with and can even replace artificial evaluation to realize the automatic evaluation of strip defect detection results.
文摘Similarity has been playing an important role in computer science,artificial intelligence(AI)and data science.However,similarity intelligence has been ignored in these disciplines.Similarity intelligence is a process of discovering intelligence through similarity.This article will explore similarity intelligence,similarity-based reasoning,similarity computing and analytics.More specifically,this article looks at the similarity as an intelligence and its impact on a few areas in the real world.It explores similarity intelligence accompanying experience-based intelligence,knowledge-based intelligence,and data-based intelligence to play an important role in computer science,AI,and data science.This article explores similarity-based reasoning(SBR)and proposes three similarity-based inference rules.It then examines similarity computing and analytics,and a multiagent SBR system.The main contributions of this article are:1)Similarity intelligence is discovered from experience-based intelligence consisting of data-based intelligence and knowledge-based intelligence.2)Similarity-based reasoning,computing and analytics can be used to create similarity intelligence.The proposed approach will facilitate research and development of similarity intelligence,similarity computing and analytics,machine learning and case-based reasoning.
基金the Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(process number 88882.451229/2019-01)for the scholarship granted to the first authorto Programa de ApoioàPós-Gradua??o(PROAP)for the financial support provided for data collection。
文摘The municipality of Boa Nova,in northeastern Brazil,is in an ecotone zone between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest phytogeographic domains.The transition phytophysiognomy is seasonal forest and known locally as mata de cipó.In these phytophysiognomies there are lajedos,which are rock outcrops colonized by vegetation welladapted to extreme microclimatic variation and vegetation diversity is affected by the vegetation types of the surrounding areas.Due to the singularity of these environments and the relevance of floristic studies for conservation,this work aimed to identify the species richness and compare the similarity of the flora on four rock outcrops in Boa Nova.The flora was surveyed during exploratory walks along lajedos between 2016 and 2019.In total,162 species were identified on the Boa Nova outcrops.The flora has a composition and structure similar to semiarid outcrops,as well as endemic species that also occur in surrounding phytophysiomies.Despite the proximity,a similarity index revealed there is floristic dissimilarity between the areas.Nine new occurrences were recorded for the region,five species are threatened with extinction(Aosa gilgiana,Ficus cyclophylla,Hippeastrum stigmovittatum,Pleroma caatingae and Trixis pruskii),and 43 species are common in anthropogenic areas.This reinforces the importance of actions to conserve these areas.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Grant Nos.42161065 and 41461038)。
文摘Understanding the mechanisms and risks of forest fires by building a spatial prediction model is an important means of controlling forest fires.Non-fire point data are important training data for constructing a model,and their quality significantly impacts the prediction performance of the model.However,non-fire point data obtained using existing sampling methods generally suffer from low representativeness.Therefore,this study proposes a non-fire point data sampling method based on geographical similarity to improve the quality of non-fire point samples.The method is based on the idea that the less similar the geographical environment between a sample point and an already occurred fire point,the greater the confidence in being a non-fire point sample.Yunnan Province,China,with a high frequency of forest fires,was used as the study area.We compared the prediction performance of traditional sampling methods and the proposed method using three commonly used forest fire risk prediction models:logistic regression(LR),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF).The results show that the modeling and prediction accuracies of the forest fire prediction models established based on the proposed sampling method are significantly improved compared with those of the traditional sampling method.Specifically,in 2010,the modeling and prediction accuracies improved by 19.1%and 32.8%,respectively,and in 2020,they improved by 13.1%and 24.3%,respectively.Therefore,we believe that collecting non-fire point samples based on the principle of geographical similarity is an effective way to improve the quality of forest fire samples,and thus enhance the prediction of forest fire risk.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFB0905900).
文摘Operation control of power systems has become challenging with an increase in the scale and complexity of power distribution systems and extensive access to renewable energy.Therefore,improvement of the ability of data-driven operation management,intelligent analysis,and mining is urgently required.To investigate and explore similar regularities of the historical operating section of the power distribution system and assist the power grid in obtaining high-value historical operation,maintenance experience,and knowledge by rule and line,a neural information retrieval model with an attention mechanism is proposed based on graph data computing technology.Based on the processing flow of the operating data of the power distribution system,a technical framework of neural information retrieval is established.Combined with the natural graph characteristics of the power distribution system,a unified graph data structure and a data fusion method of data access,data complement,and multi-source data are constructed.Further,a graph node feature-embedding representation learning algorithm and a neural information retrieval algorithm model are constructed.The neural information retrieval algorithm model is trained and tested using the generated graph node feature representation vector set.The model is verified on the operating section of the power distribution system of a provincial grid area.The results show that the proposed method demonstrates high accuracy in the similarity matching of historical operation characteristics and effectively supports intelligent fault diagnosis and elimination in power distribution systems.
文摘Text Summarization models facilitate biomedical clinicians and researchers in acquiring informative data from enormous domain-specific literature within less time and effort.Evaluating and selecting the most informative sentences from biomedical articles is always challenging.This study aims to develop a dual-mode biomedical text summarization model to achieve enhanced coverage and information.The research also includes checking the fitment of appropriate graph ranking techniques for improved performance of the summarization model.The input biomedical text is mapped as a graph where meaningful sentences are evaluated as the central node and the critical associations between them.The proposed framework utilizes the top k similarity technique in a combination of UMLS and a sampled probability-based clustering method which aids in unearthing relevant meanings of the biomedical domain-specific word vectors and finding the best possible associations between crucial sentences.The quality of the framework is assessed via different parameters like information retention,coverage,readability,cohesion,and ROUGE scores in clustering and non-clustering modes.The significant benefits of the suggested technique are capturing crucial biomedical information with increased coverage and reasonable memory consumption.The configurable settings of combined parameters reduce execution time,enhance memory utilization,and extract relevant information outperforming other biomedical baseline models.An improvement of 17%is achieved when the proposed model is checked against similar biomedical text summarizers.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021YFA0716100)the National Key Research and Development Program of China Project(Grant No.2018YFC0603502)+1 种基金the Henan Youth Science Fund Program(Grant No.212300410105)the provincial key R&D and promotion special project of Henan Province(Grant No.222102320279).
文摘Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.
基金supported by the Basic Research Program(No.JCKY2019210B029)Network threat depth analysis software(KY10800210013).
文摘Recently,security issues of smart contracts are arising great attention due to the enormous financial loss caused by vulnerability attacks.There is an increasing need to detect similar codes for hunting vulnerability with the increase of critical security issues in smart contracts.Binary similarity detection that quantitatively measures the given code diffing has been widely adopted to facilitate critical security analysis.However,due to the difference between common programs and smart contract,such as diversity of bytecode generation and highly code homogeneity,directly adopting existing graph matching and machine learning based techniques to smart contracts suffers from low accuracy,poor scalability and the limitation of binary similarity on function level.Therefore,this paper investigates graph neural network to detect smart contract binary code similarity at the program level,where we conduct instruction-level normalization to reduce the noise code for smart contract pre-processing and construct contract control flow graphs to represent smart contracts.In particular,two improved Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)and Message Passing Neural Network(MPNN)models are explored to encode the contract graphs into quantitatively vectors,which can capture the semantic information and the program-wide control flow information with temporal orders.Then we can efficiently accomplish the similarity detection by measuring the distance between two targeted contract embeddings.To evaluate the effectiveness and efficient of our proposed method,extensive experiments are performed on two real-world datasets,i.e.,smart contracts from Ethereum and Enterprise Operation System(EOS)blockchain-based platforms.The results show that our proposed approach outperforms three state-of-the-art methods by a large margin,achieving a great improvement up to 6.1%and 17.06%in accuracy.
文摘An information system is a type of knowledge representation,and attribute reduction is crucial in big data,machine learning,data mining,and intelligent systems.There are several ways for solving attribute reduction problems,but they all require a common categorization.The selection of features in most scientific studies is a challenge for the researcher.When working with huge datasets,selecting all available attributes is not an option because it frequently complicates the study and decreases performance.On the other side,neglecting some attributes might jeopardize data accuracy.In this case,rough set theory provides a useful approach for identifying superfluous attributes that may be ignored without sacrificing any significant information;nonetheless,investigating all available combinations of attributes will result in some problems.Furthermore,because attribute reduction is primarily a mathematical issue,technical progress in reduction is dependent on the advancement of mathematical models.Because the focus of this study is on the mathematical side of attribute reduction,we propose some methods to make a reduction for information systems according to classical rough set theory,the strength of rules and similarity matrix,we applied our proposed methods to several examples and calculate the reduction for each case.These methods expand the options of attribute reductions for researchers.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,Under Grant No. (G:146-830-1441).
文摘Content-based medical image retrieval(CBMIR)is a technique for retrieving medical images based on automatically derived image features.There are many applications of CBMIR,such as teaching,research,diagnosis and electronic patient records.Several methods are applied to enhance the retrieval performance of CBMIR systems.Developing new and effective similarity measure and features fusion methods are two of the most powerful and effective strategies for improving these systems.This study proposes the relative difference-based similarity measure(RDBSM)for CBMIR.The new measure was first used in the similarity calculation stage for the CBMIR using an unweighted fusion method of traditional color and texture features.Furthermore,the study also proposes a weighted fusion method for medical image features extracted using pre-trained convolutional neural networks(CNNs)models.Our proposed RDBSM has outperformed the standard well-known similarity and distance measures using two popular medical image datasets,Kvasir and PH2,in terms of recall and precision retrieval measures.The effectiveness and quality of our proposed similarity measure are also proved using a significant test and statistical confidence bound.
文摘The facial landmarks can provide valuable information for expression-related tasks.However,most approaches only use landmarks for segmentation preprocessing or directly input them into the neural network for fully connection.Such simple combination not only fails to pass the spatial information to network,but also increases calculation amounts.The method proposed in this paper aims to integrate facial landmarks-driven representation into the triplet network.The spatial information provided by landmarks is introduced into the feature extraction process,so that the model can better capture the location relationship.In addition,coordinate information is also integrated into the triple loss calculation to further enhance similarity prediction.Specifically,for each image,the coordinates of 68 landmarks are detected,and then a region attention map based on these landmarks is generated.For the feature map output by the shallow convolutional layer,it will be multiplied with the attention map to correct the feature activation,so as to strengthen the key region and weaken the unimportant region.Finally,the optimized embedding output can be further used for downstream tasks.Three embeddings of three images output by the network can be regarded as a triplet representation for similarity computation.Through the CK+dataset,the effectiveness of such an optimized feature extraction is verified.After that,it is applied to facial expression similarity tasks.The results on the facial expression comparison(FEC)dataset show that the accuracy rate will be significantly improved after the landmark information is introduced.
文摘Neurodegeneration is attributable to metabolic disturbances in the various cell types responsible for this condition, in respect of glucose utilisation and dysfunctional mitochondrial oxidative mechanisms. The properties of neurotoxins and antagonists that limit their action are well documented in disease models, whereas effective therapy is very limited. Cell apoptosis, a general marker of neurodegeneration, is also of therapeutic interest in the treatment of cancer. cGMP nucleotide influences apoptosis and has a role in maintaining equilibrium within cell redox parameters. The chemical structure of cGMP provides a comparative template for demonstrating relative molecular similarity within the structures of natural and synthetic compounds influencing tumour cell apoptosis. The present study uses computational software to investigate molecular similarity within the structures of cGMP and compounds that modulate cell apoptosis in experimental models of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. Differential molecular similarity demonstrated in neurotoxin and antagonist structures implicate metabolite impairment of cGMP signaling function as a common mechanism in the initial phases of these neurodegenerative conditions.
文摘Railway passenger flow forecasting can help to develop sensible railway schedules,make full use of railway resources,and meet the travel demand of passengers.The structure of passenger flow in railway networks and the spatiotemporal relationship of passenger flow among stations are two distinctive features of railway passenger flow.Most of the previous studies used only a single feature for prediction and lacked correlations,resulting in suboptimal performance.To address the above-mentioned problem,we proposed the railway passenger flow prediction model called Flow-Similarity Attention Graph Convolutional Network(F-SAGCN).First,we constructed the passenger flow relations graph(RG)based on the Origin-Destination(OD).Second,the Passenger Flow Fluctuation Similarity(PFFS)algorithm is used to measure the similarity of passenger flow between stations,which helps construct the spatiotemporal similarity graph(SG).Then,we determine the weights of the mutual influence of different stations at different times through an attention mechanism and extract spatiotemporal features through graph convolution on the RG and SG.Finally,we fused the spatiotemporal features and the original temporal features of stations for prediction.The comparison experiments on a railway bureau’s accurate railway passenger flow data show that the proposed F-SAGCN method improved the prediction accuracy and reduced the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of 46 stations to 7.93%.
文摘Cholesterol and cholesterol oxides impact on the functional properties of cells, in respect of the intracellular and extracellular distribution of compounds across cell membranes, carcinogenesis and drug resistance. Abnormal levels of cholesterol oxides and steroids in cancerous tissues promote interest in steroid receptor cross-talk during cell-signalling and the steroid metabolome of cancer patients. The research literature links the cytotoxic properties of oxysterols to interference with the NO/cGMP pathway. cGMP participates in cell-signalling and has a molecular structure that relates to cancer-inducing and cancer-preventing agents. This study uses a molecular modelling approach to compare the structures of cholesterol oxides to cGMP. Cholesterol and cholesterol oxide structures fit to a cGMP structural template in several ways, some of which are replicated by corticosteroids and gonadal steroid hormones. The results of this study support the concept that cholesterol oxides modulate cell apoptosis and autophagy via the NO/cGMP pathway and in conjunction with steroid hormones participate in modulating regulation of cell function by cGMP.
文摘Ontologies have been used for several years in life sciences to formally represent concepts and reason about knowledge bases in domains such as the semantic web, information retrieval and artificial intelligence. The exploration of these domains for the correspondence of semantic content requires calculation of the measure of semantic similarity between concepts. Semantic similarity is a measure on a set of documents, based on the similarity of their meanings, which refers to the similarity between two concepts belonging to one or more ontologies. The similarity between concepts is also a quantitative measure of information, calculated based on the properties of concepts and their relationships. This study proposes a method for finding similarity between concepts in two different ontologies based on feature, information content and structure. More specifically, this means proposing a hybrid method using two existing measures to find the similarity between two concepts from different ontologies based on information content and the set of common superconcepts, which represents the set of common parent concepts. We simulated our method on datasets. The results show that our measure provides similarity values that are better than those reported in the literature.
文摘Recommendation systems are going to be an integral part of any E-Business in near future.As in any other E-business,recommendation systems also play a key role in the travel business where the user has to be recommended with a restaurant that best suits him.In general,the recommendations to a user are made based on similarity that exists between the intended user and the other users.This similarity can be calculated either based on the similarity between the user profiles or the similarity between the ratings made by the users.First phase of this work concentrates on experimentally analyzing both these models and get a deep insight of these models.With the lessons learned from the insights,second phase of the work concentrates on developing a deep learning model.The model does not depend on the other user's profile or rating made by them.The model is tested with a small restaurant dataset and the model can predict whether a user likes the restaurant or not.The model is trained with different users and their rating.The system learns from it and in order to predict whether a new user likes or not a restaurant that he/she has not visited earlier,all the data the trained model needed is the rating made by the same user for different restaurants.The model is deployed in a cloud environment in order to extend it to be more realistic product in future.Result evaluated with dataset,it achieves 74.6%is accurate prediction of results,where as existing techniques achieves only 64%.
文摘The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.
文摘Text similarity has a relatively wide range of applications in many fields, such as intelligent information retrieval, question answering system, text rechecking, machine translation, and so on. The text similarity computing based on the meaning has been used more widely in the similarity computing of the words and phrase. Using the knowledge structure of the and its method of knowledge description, taking into account the other factor and weight that influenced similarity, making full use of depth and density of the Concept-Sememe tree, an improved method of Chinese word similarity calculation based on semantic distance was provided in this paper. Finally the effectiveness of this method was verified by the simulation results.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51375274)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M561920)
文摘Electrical discharge machining(EDM) is a promising non-traditional micro machining technology that offers a vast array of applications in the manufacturing industry. However, scale effects occur when machining at the micro-scale, which can make it difficult to predict and optimize the machining performances of micro EDM. A new concept of "scale effects" in micro EDM is proposed, the scale effects can reveal the difference in machining performances between micro EDM and conventional macro EDM. Similarity theory is presented to evaluate the scale effects in micro EDM. Single factor experiments are conducted and the experimental results are analyzed by discussing the similarity difference and similarity precision. The results show that the output results of scale effects in micro EDM do not change linearly with discharge parameters. The values of similarity precision of machining time significantly increase when scaling-down the capacitance or open-circuit voltage. It is indicated that the lower the scale of the discharge parameter, the greater the deviation of non-geometrical similarity degree over geometrical similarity degree, which means that the micro EDM system with lower discharge energy experiences more scale effects. The largest similarity difference is 5.34 while the largest similarity precision can be as high as 114.03. It is suggested that the similarity precision is more effective in reflecting the scale effects and their fluctuation than similarity difference. Consequently, similarity theory is suitable for evaluating the scale effects in micro EDM. This proposed research offers engineering values for optimizing the machining parameters and improving the machining performances of micro EDM.
