BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a prevalent issue that impacts cognitive function.Although numerous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural correlates of sleep loss,inconsistencies persist in the reported result...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a prevalent issue that impacts cognitive function.Although numerous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural correlates of sleep loss,inconsistencies persist in the reported results,necessitating an investigation into the consistent brain functional changes resulting from sleep loss.AIM To establish the consistency of brain functional alterations associated with sleep deprivation through systematic searches of neuroimaging databases.Two metaanalytic methods,signed differential mapping(SDM)and activation likelihood estimation(ALE),were employed to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data.METHODS A systematic search performed according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted across multiple databases through July 29,2023.Studies that met specific inclusion criteria,focused on healthy subjects with acute sleep deprivation and reported whole-brain functional data in English were considered.A total of 21 studies were selected for SDM and ALE meta-analyses.RESULTS Twenty-one studies,including 23 experiments and 498 subjects,were included.Compared to pre-sleep deprivation,post-sleep deprivation brain function was associated with increased gray matter in the right corpus callosum and decreased activity in the left medial frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule.SDM revealed increased brain functional activity in the left striatum and right central posterior gyrus and decreased activity in the right cerebellar gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,corpus callosum,and right cuneus.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis consistently identified brain regions affected by sleep deprivation,notably the left medial frontal gyrus and corpus callosum,shedding light on the neuropathology of sleep deprivation and offering insights into its neurological impact.展开更多
Sleep benefits the restoration of energy metabolism and thereby suppo rts neuronal plasticity and cognitive behaviors.Sirt6 is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that has been recognized as an essential regulator of...Sleep benefits the restoration of energy metabolism and thereby suppo rts neuronal plasticity and cognitive behaviors.Sirt6 is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that has been recognized as an essential regulator of energy metabolism because it modulates various transcriptional regulators and metabolic enzymes.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Sirt6 on cerebral function after chronic sleep deprivation(CSD).We assigned C57BL/6J mice to control or two CSD groups and subjected them to AAV2/9-CMV-EGFP or AAV2/9-CMV-Sirt6-EGFP infection in the prelimbic cortex(PrL).We then assessed cerebral functional connectivity(FC) using resting-state functional MRI,neuron/astrocyte metabolism using a metabolic kinetics analysis;dendritic spine densities using sparse-labeling;and miniature excitato ry postsynaptic currents(mEPSCs) and action potential(AP) firing rates using whole-cell patchclamp recordings.In addition,we evaluated cognition via a comprehensive set of behavioral tests.Compared with controls,Sirt6 was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the PrL after CSD,accompanied by cognitive deficits and decreased FC between the PrL and accumbens nucleus,piriform cortex,motor co rtex,somatosensory co rtex,olfactory tubercle,insular cortex,and cerebellum.Sirt6 ove rexpression reve rsed CSD-induced cognitive impairment and reduced FC.Our analysis of metabolic kinetics using [1-13C] glucose and [2-13C] acetate showed that CSD reduced neuronal Glu4and GABA2synthesis,which could be fully restored via forced Sirt6 expression.Furthermore,Sirt6 ove rexpression reversed CSD-induced decreases in AP firing rates as well as the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs in PrL pyramidal neurons.These data indicate that Sirt6 can improve cognitive impairment after CSD by regulating the PrL-associated FC network,neuronal glucose metabolism,and glutamatergic neurotransmission.Thus,Sirt6 activation may have potential as a novel strategy for treating sleep disorder-related diseases.展开更多
Maternal sleep deprivation(MSD)is a global public health problem that affects the physical and mental development of pregnant women and their newborns.The latest research suggests that sleep deprivation(SD)disrupts th...Maternal sleep deprivation(MSD)is a global public health problem that affects the physical and mental development of pregnant women and their newborns.The latest research suggests that sleep deprivation(SD)disrupts the gut microbiota,leading to neuroinflammation and psychological disturbances.However,it is unclear whether MSD affects the establishment of gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in the newborns.In the present study,MSD was performed on pregnant SpragueDawley rats in the third trimester of pregnancy(gestational days 15-21),after which intestinal contents and brain tissues were collected from offspring at different postnatal days(P1,P7,P14,and P56).Based on microbial profiling,microbial diversity and richness increased in pregnant rats subjected to MSD,as reflected by the significant increase in the phylum Firmicutes.In addition,microbial dysbiosis marked by abundant Firmicutes bacteria was observed in the MSD offspring.Furthermore,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)showed that the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)were significantly higher in the MSD offspring at adulthood(P56)than in the control group.Through Spearman correlation analysis,IL-1βand TNF-αwere also shown to be positively correlated with Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 at P56,which may determine the microbiota-host interactions in MSDrelated neuroinflammation.Collectively,these results indicate that MSD changes maternal gut microbiota and affects the establishment of neonatal gut microbiota,leading to neuroinflammation in MSD offspring.Therefore,understanding the role of gut microbiota during physiological development may provide potential interventions for cognitive dysfunction in MSD-impacted offspring.展开更多
Insufficient sleep has been correlated to many physiological and psychoneurological disorders.Over the years,our understanding of the state of sleep has transcended from an inactive period of rest to a more active sta...Insufficient sleep has been correlated to many physiological and psychoneurological disorders.Over the years,our understanding of the state of sleep has transcended from an inactive period of rest to a more active state involving important cellular and molecular processes.In addition,during sleep,electrophysiological changes also occur in pathways in specific regions of the mammalian central nervous system(CNS).Activity mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS can lead to long-term and sometimes permanent strengthening and/or weakening synaptic strength affecting neuronal network behaviour.Memory consolidation and learning that take place during sleep cycles,can be affected by changes in synaptic plasticity during sleep disturbances.G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs),with their versatile structural and functional attributes,can regulate synaptic plasticity in CNS and hence,may be potentially affected in sleep deprived conditions.In this review,we aim to discuss important functional changes that can take place in the CNS during sleep and sleep deprivation and how changes in GPCRs can lead to potential problems with therapeutics with pharmacological interventions.展开更多
Objective:To compare the differences in behavior of sleep deprivation models in caffeine and light induced zebrafish.Methods:A total of 72 zebrafish larvae,were selected 5 d after fertilization and randomly divided in...Objective:To compare the differences in behavior of sleep deprivation models in caffeine and light induced zebrafish.Methods:A total of 72 zebrafish larvae,were selected 5 d after fertilization and randomly divided into blank control group,caffeine and light group,with 24 larvae in each group.The blank control group was given normal breeding for 24 h,while on the basis of treatment in the blank control group,the caffeine group was exposed to 200μmol/L caffeine in water and the light group to 200 lux light conditions continuously for 24 h.Results:The pigmentation of zebrafish head in the light group and the caffeine group was slightly shallow with edema of yolk sac.The activity time of the light group and the caffeine group increased compared with the blank control group(P<0.01,P<0.05),but there was no significiant difference in activity time between the light group and the caffeine group(P>0.05),The small movement time of the light group was significantly more than the caffeine group(P<0.01),while the medium movement time of the caffeine group was more than light group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both light and caffeine can induce zebrafish sleep deprivation model effectively,and have effects on zebrafish phenotype to a certain degree,but there are differences in motor form between the two kinds of sleep-deprivation models.展开更多
Sleep is essential to the normal psychological and physiological activities of the human body.Increasing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation is associated with the occurrence,development,and poor treatment effec...Sleep is essential to the normal psychological and physiological activities of the human body.Increasing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation is associated with the occurrence,development,and poor treatment effects of various arrhythmias.Sleep deprivation affects not only the peripheral nervous system but also the central nervous system,which regulates the occurrence of arrhythmias.In addition,sleep deprivation is associated with apoptotic pathways,mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders,and immune system dysfunction.Although studies increasingly suggest that pathological sleep patterns are associated with various atrial and ventricular arrhythmias,further research is needed to identify specific mechanisms and recommend therapeutic interventions.This review summarizes the findings of sleep deprivation in animal experiments and clinical studies,current challenges,and future research directions in the field of arrhythmias.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation(CSD)on bone microstructure and peak bone mass(PBM)in SD rats.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into CSD group and control group.In the ...Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation(CSD)on bone microstructure and peak bone mass(PBM)in SD rats.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into CSD group and control group.In the CSD group,a CSD model was established using a new sleep deprivation instrument for rats and mice,and intervened for 5 weeks.Bone turnover markers including P1NP and CTX-1 before and after the experiment were observed.After the experiment,the left femur were scanned by Micro-CT,and the cortical bone and bone trabecula were three-dimensionally reconstructed,respectively.The bone mineral density(BMD)and relevant parameters were detected.Results:CT images of the femur(proximal ends)showed significant trabecular loss in CSD rats.Trabecular parameters including bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N)and trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)in the CSD group were all lower than those in the control group.The bone cortex of the middle segment of the femur and tibia in CSD rats was also lower than that in the control group.The parameters of bone cortex including total tissue area(Tt.Ar),cortical bone area(Ct.Ar)and cortical bone thickness(Ct.Th)in the CSD group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).After chronic CSD,BMD of both bone trabecula and bone cortex of the femur was lower,while the corresponding P1NP and CTX-1 were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion:Sleep plays an important role in PBM formation.CSD accelerates bone turnover and thus significantly reducing PBM in SD rats.展开更多
Objective:Despite getting sufficient sleep being one of the most important things that we can do to keep our body and mind healthy,sleep deprivation has become a major public health concern.This study aimed to determi...Objective:Despite getting sufficient sleep being one of the most important things that we can do to keep our body and mind healthy,sleep deprivation has become a major public health concern.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep deprivation and its associated factors among students of the Institute of Health in Jimma University.Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to April 24 in 2019.Data were collected from 365 randomly selected participants and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS;version 23).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sleep deprivation.The level of significance was declared at a P-value of<0.05.Results:A total of 365 participants participated,with a response rate of 97.6%.The study findings showed that 60.8%of students had sleep deprivation and 68.2%had sleep latency.Health problems(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]=1.91[95%confidence interval{CI}=1.01–3.58]),alcohol consumption[AOR=0.42(95%CI=0.2–0.89)],cigarette smoking[AOR=0.31(95%CI=0.09–0.93)],khat chewing[AOR=0.47(95%CI=0.12–0.82)],use of an electronic device before bedtime[AOR=5.26(95%CI=1.78–15.52)],and cumulative grade point average(CGPA)[AOR=0.48(95%CI=0.27–0.83)]were significantly associated with sleep deprivation.Conclusions:Sleep deprivation was common in the study area.This is mainly due to health problems,substance utilization,long-time use of an electronic device,and low CGPA.Therefore,a strategy and system should be established to limit substance use,enhance proper use of electronic devices,and create awareness on the impact of nonoptimal sleep.展开更多
Sleep deprivation is a common problem among university students,it causes lowered cognitive skills,higher tend of suicide,risk-taking behavior and interaction anxiety.By using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)a...Sleep deprivation is a common problem among university students,it causes lowered cognitive skills,higher tend of suicide,risk-taking behavior and interaction anxiety.By using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),the survey on the sleep quality and interaction anxiousness was carried out among 124 undergraduate students,in order to found the correlation between sleep deprivation and interaction anxiousness.The results showed a strong positive correlation between them.This study also investigates the difference of PSQI and IAS among students with varied disciplines and grades,and findings illustrated a poor sleep quality as well as poor interpersonal communication situation among university students.展开更多
Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying...Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying mechanisms are not clear.Here,we showed that chronic SD in mice promotes a gradual elevation of extracellular ATP,which activates astroglial P2X7 receptors(P2X7Rs).Activated P2X7Rs,in turn,selectively down-regulated the expression of 5-HT2B receptors(5-HT2BRs)in astrocytes.Stimulation of P2X7Rs induced by SD selectively suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and FoxO3 a in astrocytes,but not in neurons.The overexpression of FoxO3a in astrocytes inhibited the expression of 5-HT2BRs.Down-regulation of 5-HT2BsRs instigated by SD suppressed the activation of STAT3 and relieved the inhibition of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2.This latter cascade promoted the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2.The depression-like behaviors induced by SD were alleviated in P2X7R-KO mice.Our study reveals the mechanism underlying chronic SD-induced depression-like behaviors and suggests 5-HT2BRs as a key target for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at the depression evoked by sleep disorders.展开更多
Sleep deprivation causes disturbances of the neural activity, leading to the impairment of brain functions. However, the exact mechanism of sleep deprivation and how it affects the dynamics of brain activity during th...Sleep deprivation causes disturbances of the neural activity, leading to the impairment of brain functions. However, the exact mechanism of sleep deprivation and how it affects the dynamics of brain activity during the recovery sleep remains unclear. In the current study, we performed sleep deprivation experiments on ten adult rats, and recorded the local field potentials from default mode network(DMN) regions during sleep before and after sleep deprivation. The DMN dynamics was assessed with the configurations of coactive micropatterns(CAMPs) using our previously proposed CAMP method. Our analysis revealed that the effects of sleep deprivation on DMN dynamics in the slow-wave sleep(SWS) state and the rapid eye-movement sleep(REM)state were disparate. Dynamic configurations of DMN activity in the SWS state were significantly impaired after sleep deprivation, with increased occurrence of low-activity CAMP and reorganized transition structure across three CAMPs. Moreover,enhanced functional connectivity and improved efficiencies in all CAMP networks were observed during the SWS state in the recovery sleep. However, there were no significant alterations in either DMN dynamics or CAMP network structures in the REM sleep state after sleep deprivation. Our results described the alterations of DMN dynamics in different sleep states after sleep deprivation, and illustrated the differential effects of sleep deprivation on two sleep states. These findings demonstrated the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of sleep deprivation on DMN activity during sleep and increased our understanding of the physiological roles of the DMN in maintain sleep homeostasis after sleep deprivation.展开更多
Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute ...Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute sleep deprivation(ASD)group which experienced 6 h ASD before surgery.Then the variations in cerebral function and activity were investigated with multi-modal techniques,such as nuclear magnetic resonance,functional magnetic resonance imaging,c-Fos immunofluorescence,and electrophysiology.The results indicated that ASD induced hyperalgesia,and the metabolic kinetics were remarkably decreased in the striatum and midbrain.The functional connectivity(FC)between the nucleus accumbens(NAc,a subregion of the ventral striatum)and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vLPAG)was significantly reduced,and the c-Fos expression in the NAc and the vLPAG was suppressed.Furthermore,the electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both the neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG,and the coherence of the NAc-vLPAG were suppressed in both resting and task states.This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia.This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients.展开更多
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of modafinil,a new wake-promoting agent,on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation(SD)so as to provide experimental evidence for the rational use of th...The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of modafinil,a new wake-promoting agent,on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation(SD)so as to provide experimental evidence for the rational use of this drug among air crew.Eight young,healthy male volunteers were exposed to two 24 h periods of continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment.Initially,200 mg dose of modafinil was given,and one week later,a matching placebo was administered.The SD time started from 08:00 of the first day to 08:00 of the second day.Drugs were given at 0:00 on the second day.Vestibular function was tested at 21:00 on the first day and 1,3,5,7 h after drug administration.The accuracy of saccade tracking and gains in visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex(VVOR)and optokinetic nystagmus(OKN)in the placebo group decreased during 24 h SD,especially at 01:00–05:00 on the second day,while OKN gains in the modafinil group increased significantly.There were no significant differences in the other vestibular functional indices between the modafinil group and placebo group.The 24 h SD can influence vestibular function to a certain degree,but modafinil may improve OKN.展开更多
Background:Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation(SD).Here,the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)in modulating the cognition decline during S...Background:Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation(SD).Here,the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning.In this study,we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD.Methods:Middle-aged wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 and CX3CR1^(−/−)mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep(S)for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night.After which,behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes.Results:CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments,unlike WT groups.Compared with the CX3CR1^(−/−)S group,the CX3CR1^(−/−)SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus(DG),decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors,whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted.Conclusions:These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD.The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates,which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.展开更多
Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors.Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo.Slee...Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors.Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo.Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse outcomes across multiple organ systems but are most strongly linked to delirium and cognitive impairment.This review will outline the predisposing and precipitating factors for sleep disturbance,categorised into patient,environmental and treatment-related factors.The objective and subjective methodologies used to quantify sleep during critical illness will be reviewed.While polysomnography remains the gold-standard,its use in the critical care setting still presents many barriers.Other methodologies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology,epidemiology and treatment of sleep disturbance in this population.Subjective outcome measures,including the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire,are still required for trials involving a greater number of patients and provide valuable insight into patients’experiences of disturbed sleep.Finally,sleep optimisation strategies are reviewed,including intervention bundles,ambient noise and light reduction,quiet time,and the use of ear plugs and eye masks.While drugs to improve sleep are frequently prescribed to patients in the ICU,evidence supporting their effectiveness is lacking.展开更多
Objective We aimed to investigate whether antagonism of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor(CB1R)could affect novel object recognition(NOR)memory in chronically rapid eye movement sleep-deprived(RSD)rats.Methods The animals ...Objective We aimed to investigate whether antagonism of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor(CB1R)could affect novel object recognition(NOR)memory in chronically rapid eye movement sleep-deprived(RSD)rats.Methods The animals were examined for recognition memory following a 7-day chronic partial RSD paradigm using the multiple platform technique.The CB1R antagonist rimonabant(1 or 3 mg/kg,i.p.)was administered either at one hour prior to the sample phase for acquisition,or immediately after the sample phase for consolidation,or at one hour before the test phase for retrieval of NOR memory.For the reconsolidation task,rimonabant was administered immediately after the second sample phase.Results The RSD episode impaired acquisition,consolidation,and retrieval,but it did not affect the reconsolidation of NOR memory.Rimonabant administration did not affect acquisition,consolidation,and reconsolidation;however,it attenuated impairment of the retrieval of NOR memory induced by chronic RSD.Conclusions These findings,along with our previous report,would seem to suggest that RSD may affect different phases of recognition memory based on its duration.Importantly,it seems that the CB1R may,at least in part,be involved in the adverse effects of chronic RSD on the retrieval,but not in the acquisition,consolidation,and reconsolidation,of NOR memory.展开更多
Sleep hygiene and knowledge about sleep basics is unknown in college student populations. The college student population have abbreviated sleep due to social schedules and busy academic schedules. A measurement of sle...Sleep hygiene and knowledge about sleep basics is unknown in college student populations. The college student population have abbreviated sleep due to social schedules and busy academic schedules. A measurement of sleep hygiene and knowledge about sleep in the college student population indicates that there are varying levels along with sleep knowledge. The objective of the study was to examine young adult sleep quality because of providing an educative intervention. A sleep class of one hour provided once a week for ten weeks was provided following the administration of a ten-item sleep survey. Following the sleep class, the sleep survey was read ministered. Measures of central tendency and non-parametric analysis of nominal data were conducted. The results indicated two of the five cohorts had statistically significant differences. Further, the measures of sleep quality differed, statistically, for two of the cohorts receiving the classroom instruction. This research finding indicates a continued need to educate college student populations about their sleep health.展开更多
Objective: Sleeping problems are among the issues most mentioned by patients after cardiothoracic surgery. These problems can have a negative effect on duration of the hospital stay and recovery. In the ward of our ca...Objective: Sleeping problems are among the issues most mentioned by patients after cardiothoracic surgery. These problems can have a negative effect on duration of the hospital stay and recovery. In the ward of our cardiothoracic surgery department, a study was initiated to assess the quality of sleep after cardiothoracic surgery. The primary objective was to investigate the effect of cardiothoracic surgery on the quality of sleep. The secondary objective was to investigate the quality of sleep. Correlations with perioperative factors and related issues such as the type of surgery and medication were sought. Methods: A consecutive prospective cohort study was initiated (N = 72). The study used validated questionnaires to assess sleep: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Verran Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSH) and the Factors Influencing Sleep Quality (FISQ). Results: The PSQI showed that the quality of sleep one month after surgery was inferior to the quality of sleep before surgery (p-value: 0.03). The efficiency of sleep (time spent in bed) was higher after surgery then before surgery (p-value: 0.01). The VSH showed increased impaired sleep on the third night after surgery. The most disruptive factors were not being comfortable in a hospital bed, pain and the noise of medical devices. Conclusions: The quality of sleep after cardiothoracic surgery is worse when compared with the preoperative situation. The chief influencing factors are discomfort in bed, pain and disturbance from medical devices. The use of pain medication does not improve the quality of sleep.展开更多
The RAND Corporation reported that insufficient sleep causes an economic loss of $138 billion (2.92% of GDP) in Japan every year. In this study, we investigated the sleep improvement effect of a novel innovative sleep...The RAND Corporation reported that insufficient sleep causes an economic loss of $138 billion (2.92% of GDP) in Japan every year. In this study, we investigated the sleep improvement effect of a novel innovative sleeping mattress called “AiR SI” (Nishikawa Co., Ltd.) to find a simple method to solve the problem of sleep deprivation. We conducted a 2-week randomized, open-label, crossover, self-controlled study in 14 healthy adults in their 30s to 50s (control: 1 week, AiR SI: 1 week), with sleep quality as the primary endpoint as well as salivary components (cortisol, melatonin) and autonomic nervous function (sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve) as secondary endpoints. Trends toward improvement in sleep were suggested for all the endpoints, regardless of differences in the subject background. The results suggested that the use of AiR SI for 1 week not only improved sleep but normalized both the endocrine and autonomic functions as well. We conclude that, by using a sleeping mattress with a high sleep improvement effect, the user may easily achieve higher labor productivity and have a lower mortality risk. Eliminating sleep deprivation with a sleeping mattress may lead to a reduction in national economic losses and ultimately produce significant economic effects.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a prevalent issue that impacts cognitive function.Although numerous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural correlates of sleep loss,inconsistencies persist in the reported results,necessitating an investigation into the consistent brain functional changes resulting from sleep loss.AIM To establish the consistency of brain functional alterations associated with sleep deprivation through systematic searches of neuroimaging databases.Two metaanalytic methods,signed differential mapping(SDM)and activation likelihood estimation(ALE),were employed to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)data.METHODS A systematic search performed according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted across multiple databases through July 29,2023.Studies that met specific inclusion criteria,focused on healthy subjects with acute sleep deprivation and reported whole-brain functional data in English were considered.A total of 21 studies were selected for SDM and ALE meta-analyses.RESULTS Twenty-one studies,including 23 experiments and 498 subjects,were included.Compared to pre-sleep deprivation,post-sleep deprivation brain function was associated with increased gray matter in the right corpus callosum and decreased activity in the left medial frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal lobule.SDM revealed increased brain functional activity in the left striatum and right central posterior gyrus and decreased activity in the right cerebellar gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,corpus callosum,and right cuneus.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis consistently identified brain regions affected by sleep deprivation,notably the left medial frontal gyrus and corpus callosum,shedding light on the neuropathology of sleep deprivation and offering insights into its neurological impact.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81771160 (to ZZ),81671060 (to CC),31970973 (to JW),21921004 (to FX)Translational Medicine and In terdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,No.ZNJC201934 (to ZZ)。
文摘Sleep benefits the restoration of energy metabolism and thereby suppo rts neuronal plasticity and cognitive behaviors.Sirt6 is a NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase that has been recognized as an essential regulator of energy metabolism because it modulates various transcriptional regulators and metabolic enzymes.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Sirt6 on cerebral function after chronic sleep deprivation(CSD).We assigned C57BL/6J mice to control or two CSD groups and subjected them to AAV2/9-CMV-EGFP or AAV2/9-CMV-Sirt6-EGFP infection in the prelimbic cortex(PrL).We then assessed cerebral functional connectivity(FC) using resting-state functional MRI,neuron/astrocyte metabolism using a metabolic kinetics analysis;dendritic spine densities using sparse-labeling;and miniature excitato ry postsynaptic currents(mEPSCs) and action potential(AP) firing rates using whole-cell patchclamp recordings.In addition,we evaluated cognition via a comprehensive set of behavioral tests.Compared with controls,Sirt6 was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in the PrL after CSD,accompanied by cognitive deficits and decreased FC between the PrL and accumbens nucleus,piriform cortex,motor co rtex,somatosensory co rtex,olfactory tubercle,insular cortex,and cerebellum.Sirt6 ove rexpression reve rsed CSD-induced cognitive impairment and reduced FC.Our analysis of metabolic kinetics using [1-13C] glucose and [2-13C] acetate showed that CSD reduced neuronal Glu4and GABA2synthesis,which could be fully restored via forced Sirt6 expression.Furthermore,Sirt6 ove rexpression reversed CSD-induced decreases in AP firing rates as well as the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs in PrL pyramidal neurons.These data indicate that Sirt6 can improve cognitive impairment after CSD by regulating the PrL-associated FC network,neuronal glucose metabolism,and glutamatergic neurotransmission.Thus,Sirt6 activation may have potential as a novel strategy for treating sleep disorder-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071395,91749116)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0186,cstc2020jcyjzdxm X0004)+1 种基金Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K201900403)Innovation Research Group at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing(CXQTP19034)。
文摘Maternal sleep deprivation(MSD)is a global public health problem that affects the physical and mental development of pregnant women and their newborns.The latest research suggests that sleep deprivation(SD)disrupts the gut microbiota,leading to neuroinflammation and psychological disturbances.However,it is unclear whether MSD affects the establishment of gut microbiota and neuroinflammation in the newborns.In the present study,MSD was performed on pregnant SpragueDawley rats in the third trimester of pregnancy(gestational days 15-21),after which intestinal contents and brain tissues were collected from offspring at different postnatal days(P1,P7,P14,and P56).Based on microbial profiling,microbial diversity and richness increased in pregnant rats subjected to MSD,as reflected by the significant increase in the phylum Firmicutes.In addition,microbial dysbiosis marked by abundant Firmicutes bacteria was observed in the MSD offspring.Furthermore,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)showed that the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)were significantly higher in the MSD offspring at adulthood(P56)than in the control group.Through Spearman correlation analysis,IL-1βand TNF-αwere also shown to be positively correlated with Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 at P56,which may determine the microbiota-host interactions in MSDrelated neuroinflammation.Collectively,these results indicate that MSD changes maternal gut microbiota and affects the establishment of neonatal gut microbiota,leading to neuroinflammation in MSD offspring.Therefore,understanding the role of gut microbiota during physiological development may provide potential interventions for cognitive dysfunction in MSD-impacted offspring.
基金Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research Grant,No.TGS-1092194-Year Fellowship from the University of British Columbia.
文摘Insufficient sleep has been correlated to many physiological and psychoneurological disorders.Over the years,our understanding of the state of sleep has transcended from an inactive period of rest to a more active state involving important cellular and molecular processes.In addition,during sleep,electrophysiological changes also occur in pathways in specific regions of the mammalian central nervous system(CNS).Activity mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS can lead to long-term and sometimes permanent strengthening and/or weakening synaptic strength affecting neuronal network behaviour.Memory consolidation and learning that take place during sleep cycles,can be affected by changes in synaptic plasticity during sleep disturbances.G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs),with their versatile structural and functional attributes,can regulate synaptic plasticity in CNS and hence,may be potentially affected in sleep deprived conditions.In this review,we aim to discuss important functional changes that can take place in the CNS during sleep and sleep deprivation and how changes in GPCRs can lead to potential problems with therapeutics with pharmacological interventions.
基金National Key R&D Program Key Research Project on Modernization of Chinese Medicine(No.2018YFC1705600)。
文摘Objective:To compare the differences in behavior of sleep deprivation models in caffeine and light induced zebrafish.Methods:A total of 72 zebrafish larvae,were selected 5 d after fertilization and randomly divided into blank control group,caffeine and light group,with 24 larvae in each group.The blank control group was given normal breeding for 24 h,while on the basis of treatment in the blank control group,the caffeine group was exposed to 200μmol/L caffeine in water and the light group to 200 lux light conditions continuously for 24 h.Results:The pigmentation of zebrafish head in the light group and the caffeine group was slightly shallow with edema of yolk sac.The activity time of the light group and the caffeine group increased compared with the blank control group(P<0.01,P<0.05),but there was no significiant difference in activity time between the light group and the caffeine group(P>0.05),The small movement time of the light group was significantly more than the caffeine group(P<0.01),while the medium movement time of the caffeine group was more than light group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both light and caffeine can induce zebrafish sleep deprivation model effectively,and have effects on zebrafish phenotype to a certain degree,but there are differences in motor form between the two kinds of sleep-deprivation models.
文摘Sleep is essential to the normal psychological and physiological activities of the human body.Increasing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation is associated with the occurrence,development,and poor treatment effects of various arrhythmias.Sleep deprivation affects not only the peripheral nervous system but also the central nervous system,which regulates the occurrence of arrhythmias.In addition,sleep deprivation is associated with apoptotic pathways,mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders,and immune system dysfunction.Although studies increasingly suggest that pathological sleep patterns are associated with various atrial and ventricular arrhythmias,further research is needed to identify specific mechanisms and recommend therapeutic interventions.This review summarizes the findings of sleep deprivation in animal experiments and clinical studies,current challenges,and future research directions in the field of arrhythmias.
基金2020 Youth Training Fund Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University(No.202010)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation(CSD)on bone microstructure and peak bone mass(PBM)in SD rats.Methods:Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into CSD group and control group.In the CSD group,a CSD model was established using a new sleep deprivation instrument for rats and mice,and intervened for 5 weeks.Bone turnover markers including P1NP and CTX-1 before and after the experiment were observed.After the experiment,the left femur were scanned by Micro-CT,and the cortical bone and bone trabecula were three-dimensionally reconstructed,respectively.The bone mineral density(BMD)and relevant parameters were detected.Results:CT images of the femur(proximal ends)showed significant trabecular loss in CSD rats.Trabecular parameters including bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N)and trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)in the CSD group were all lower than those in the control group.The bone cortex of the middle segment of the femur and tibia in CSD rats was also lower than that in the control group.The parameters of bone cortex including total tissue area(Tt.Ar),cortical bone area(Ct.Ar)and cortical bone thickness(Ct.Th)in the CSD group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.01).After chronic CSD,BMD of both bone trabecula and bone cortex of the femur was lower,while the corresponding P1NP and CTX-1 were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion:Sleep plays an important role in PBM formation.CSD accelerates bone turnover and thus significantly reducing PBM in SD rats.
文摘Objective:Despite getting sufficient sleep being one of the most important things that we can do to keep our body and mind healthy,sleep deprivation has become a major public health concern.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep deprivation and its associated factors among students of the Institute of Health in Jimma University.Methods:An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to April 24 in 2019.Data were collected from 365 randomly selected participants and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS;version 23).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sleep deprivation.The level of significance was declared at a P-value of<0.05.Results:A total of 365 participants participated,with a response rate of 97.6%.The study findings showed that 60.8%of students had sleep deprivation and 68.2%had sleep latency.Health problems(adjusted odds ratio[AOR]=1.91[95%confidence interval{CI}=1.01–3.58]),alcohol consumption[AOR=0.42(95%CI=0.2–0.89)],cigarette smoking[AOR=0.31(95%CI=0.09–0.93)],khat chewing[AOR=0.47(95%CI=0.12–0.82)],use of an electronic device before bedtime[AOR=5.26(95%CI=1.78–15.52)],and cumulative grade point average(CGPA)[AOR=0.48(95%CI=0.27–0.83)]were significantly associated with sleep deprivation.Conclusions:Sleep deprivation was common in the study area.This is mainly due to health problems,substance utilization,long-time use of an electronic device,and low CGPA.Therefore,a strategy and system should be established to limit substance use,enhance proper use of electronic devices,and create awareness on the impact of nonoptimal sleep.
文摘Sleep deprivation is a common problem among university students,it causes lowered cognitive skills,higher tend of suicide,risk-taking behavior and interaction anxiety.By using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),the survey on the sleep quality and interaction anxiousness was carried out among 124 undergraduate students,in order to found the correlation between sleep deprivation and interaction anxiousness.The results showed a strong positive correlation between them.This study also investigates the difference of PSQI and IAS among students with varied disciplines and grades,and findings illustrated a poor sleep quality as well as poor interpersonal communication situation among university students.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871852,81200935,81671862,and 81871529)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1807137)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation for Overseas Scholars of the Education Ministry of China(20151098)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(20170541030)。
文摘Chronic loss of sleep damages health and disturbs the quality of life.Long-lasting sleep deprivation(SD)as well as sleep abnormalities are substantial risk factors for major depressive disorder,although the underlying mechanisms are not clear.Here,we showed that chronic SD in mice promotes a gradual elevation of extracellular ATP,which activates astroglial P2X7 receptors(P2X7Rs).Activated P2X7Rs,in turn,selectively down-regulated the expression of 5-HT2B receptors(5-HT2BRs)in astrocytes.Stimulation of P2X7Rs induced by SD selectively suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and FoxO3 a in astrocytes,but not in neurons.The overexpression of FoxO3a in astrocytes inhibited the expression of 5-HT2BRs.Down-regulation of 5-HT2BsRs instigated by SD suppressed the activation of STAT3 and relieved the inhibition of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2.This latter cascade promoted the release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2.The depression-like behaviors induced by SD were alleviated in P2X7R-KO mice.Our study reveals the mechanism underlying chronic SD-induced depression-like behaviors and suggests 5-HT2BRs as a key target for exploring therapeutic strategies aimed at the depression evoked by sleep disorders.
基金supported by the MOST 2030 Brain Project (Grant No.2022ZD0208500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 31771149, 81861128001, and 61933003)partly supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(Grant No.2019-I2M-5-039)。
文摘Sleep deprivation causes disturbances of the neural activity, leading to the impairment of brain functions. However, the exact mechanism of sleep deprivation and how it affects the dynamics of brain activity during the recovery sleep remains unclear. In the current study, we performed sleep deprivation experiments on ten adult rats, and recorded the local field potentials from default mode network(DMN) regions during sleep before and after sleep deprivation. The DMN dynamics was assessed with the configurations of coactive micropatterns(CAMPs) using our previously proposed CAMP method. Our analysis revealed that the effects of sleep deprivation on DMN dynamics in the slow-wave sleep(SWS) state and the rapid eye-movement sleep(REM)state were disparate. Dynamic configurations of DMN activity in the SWS state were significantly impaired after sleep deprivation, with increased occurrence of low-activity CAMP and reorganized transition structure across three CAMPs. Moreover,enhanced functional connectivity and improved efficiencies in all CAMP networks were observed during the SWS state in the recovery sleep. However, there were no significant alterations in either DMN dynamics or CAMP network structures in the REM sleep state after sleep deprivation. Our results described the alterations of DMN dynamics in different sleep states after sleep deprivation, and illustrated the differential effects of sleep deprivation on two sleep states. These findings demonstrated the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of sleep deprivation on DMN activity during sleep and increased our understanding of the physiological roles of the DMN in maintain sleep homeostasis after sleep deprivation.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071208,81870851,31771193,and 81971775)the Outstanding Talented Young Doctor Program of Hubei Province(HB20200407)+2 种基金the Translational Medicine,and interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(ZNJC202012)the Medical Sci-Tech Innovation Platform of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universitythe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32030200).
文摘Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute sleep deprivation(ASD)group which experienced 6 h ASD before surgery.Then the variations in cerebral function and activity were investigated with multi-modal techniques,such as nuclear magnetic resonance,functional magnetic resonance imaging,c-Fos immunofluorescence,and electrophysiology.The results indicated that ASD induced hyperalgesia,and the metabolic kinetics were remarkably decreased in the striatum and midbrain.The functional connectivity(FC)between the nucleus accumbens(NAc,a subregion of the ventral striatum)and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vLPAG)was significantly reduced,and the c-Fos expression in the NAc and the vLPAG was suppressed.Furthermore,the electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both the neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG,and the coherence of the NAc-vLPAG were suppressed in both resting and task states.This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia.This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients.
基金This study was supported by Aviation Medicine Research Grant of Air Force,People’s Liberation Army(KH0108011).
文摘The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of modafinil,a new wake-promoting agent,on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation(SD)so as to provide experimental evidence for the rational use of this drug among air crew.Eight young,healthy male volunteers were exposed to two 24 h periods of continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment.Initially,200 mg dose of modafinil was given,and one week later,a matching placebo was administered.The SD time started from 08:00 of the first day to 08:00 of the second day.Drugs were given at 0:00 on the second day.Vestibular function was tested at 21:00 on the first day and 1,3,5,7 h after drug administration.The accuracy of saccade tracking and gains in visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex(VVOR)and optokinetic nystagmus(OKN)in the placebo group decreased during 24 h SD,especially at 01:00–05:00 on the second day,while OKN gains in the modafinil group increased significantly.There were no significant differences in the other vestibular functional indices between the modafinil group and placebo group.The 24 h SD can influence vestibular function to a certain degree,but modafinil may improve OKN.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology,Fujian province(Nos.2017Y9025 and 2017Y9006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81701087 and 81771179)and the Fujian Provincial Health-education Joint Research Project(No.WKJ2016-2-08).
文摘Background:Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation(SD).Here,the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning.In this study,we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD.Methods:Middle-aged wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 and CX3CR1^(−/−)mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep(S)for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night.After which,behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes.Results:CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments,unlike WT groups.Compared with the CX3CR1^(−/−)S group,the CX3CR1^(−/−)SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus(DG),decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors,whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted.Conclusions:These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD.The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates,which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.
基金supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
文摘Sleep is a complex process influenced by biological and environmental factors.Disturbances of sleep quantity and quality occur frequently in the critically ill and remain prevalent in survivors for at least 12 mo.Sleep disturbances are associated with adverse outcomes across multiple organ systems but are most strongly linked to delirium and cognitive impairment.This review will outline the predisposing and precipitating factors for sleep disturbance,categorised into patient,environmental and treatment-related factors.The objective and subjective methodologies used to quantify sleep during critical illness will be reviewed.While polysomnography remains the gold-standard,its use in the critical care setting still presents many barriers.Other methodologies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology,epidemiology and treatment of sleep disturbance in this population.Subjective outcome measures,including the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire,are still required for trials involving a greater number of patients and provide valuable insight into patients’experiences of disturbed sleep.Finally,sleep optimisation strategies are reviewed,including intervention bundles,ambient noise and light reduction,quiet time,and the use of ear plugs and eye masks.While drugs to improve sleep are frequently prescribed to patients in the ICU,evidence supporting their effectiveness is lacking.
基金Supported by the Research Council of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Kermanshah,Iran for financial support(grant no.:990812).
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate whether antagonism of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor(CB1R)could affect novel object recognition(NOR)memory in chronically rapid eye movement sleep-deprived(RSD)rats.Methods The animals were examined for recognition memory following a 7-day chronic partial RSD paradigm using the multiple platform technique.The CB1R antagonist rimonabant(1 or 3 mg/kg,i.p.)was administered either at one hour prior to the sample phase for acquisition,or immediately after the sample phase for consolidation,or at one hour before the test phase for retrieval of NOR memory.For the reconsolidation task,rimonabant was administered immediately after the second sample phase.Results The RSD episode impaired acquisition,consolidation,and retrieval,but it did not affect the reconsolidation of NOR memory.Rimonabant administration did not affect acquisition,consolidation,and reconsolidation;however,it attenuated impairment of the retrieval of NOR memory induced by chronic RSD.Conclusions These findings,along with our previous report,would seem to suggest that RSD may affect different phases of recognition memory based on its duration.Importantly,it seems that the CB1R may,at least in part,be involved in the adverse effects of chronic RSD on the retrieval,but not in the acquisition,consolidation,and reconsolidation,of NOR memory.
文摘Sleep hygiene and knowledge about sleep basics is unknown in college student populations. The college student population have abbreviated sleep due to social schedules and busy academic schedules. A measurement of sleep hygiene and knowledge about sleep in the college student population indicates that there are varying levels along with sleep knowledge. The objective of the study was to examine young adult sleep quality because of providing an educative intervention. A sleep class of one hour provided once a week for ten weeks was provided following the administration of a ten-item sleep survey. Following the sleep class, the sleep survey was read ministered. Measures of central tendency and non-parametric analysis of nominal data were conducted. The results indicated two of the five cohorts had statistically significant differences. Further, the measures of sleep quality differed, statistically, for two of the cohorts receiving the classroom instruction. This research finding indicates a continued need to educate college student populations about their sleep health.
文摘Objective: Sleeping problems are among the issues most mentioned by patients after cardiothoracic surgery. These problems can have a negative effect on duration of the hospital stay and recovery. In the ward of our cardiothoracic surgery department, a study was initiated to assess the quality of sleep after cardiothoracic surgery. The primary objective was to investigate the effect of cardiothoracic surgery on the quality of sleep. The secondary objective was to investigate the quality of sleep. Correlations with perioperative factors and related issues such as the type of surgery and medication were sought. Methods: A consecutive prospective cohort study was initiated (N = 72). The study used validated questionnaires to assess sleep: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Verran Snyder-Halpern Sleep Scale (VSH) and the Factors Influencing Sleep Quality (FISQ). Results: The PSQI showed that the quality of sleep one month after surgery was inferior to the quality of sleep before surgery (p-value: 0.03). The efficiency of sleep (time spent in bed) was higher after surgery then before surgery (p-value: 0.01). The VSH showed increased impaired sleep on the third night after surgery. The most disruptive factors were not being comfortable in a hospital bed, pain and the noise of medical devices. Conclusions: The quality of sleep after cardiothoracic surgery is worse when compared with the preoperative situation. The chief influencing factors are discomfort in bed, pain and disturbance from medical devices. The use of pain medication does not improve the quality of sleep.
文摘The RAND Corporation reported that insufficient sleep causes an economic loss of $138 billion (2.92% of GDP) in Japan every year. In this study, we investigated the sleep improvement effect of a novel innovative sleeping mattress called “AiR SI” (Nishikawa Co., Ltd.) to find a simple method to solve the problem of sleep deprivation. We conducted a 2-week randomized, open-label, crossover, self-controlled study in 14 healthy adults in their 30s to 50s (control: 1 week, AiR SI: 1 week), with sleep quality as the primary endpoint as well as salivary components (cortisol, melatonin) and autonomic nervous function (sympathetic nerve, parasympathetic nerve) as secondary endpoints. Trends toward improvement in sleep were suggested for all the endpoints, regardless of differences in the subject background. The results suggested that the use of AiR SI for 1 week not only improved sleep but normalized both the endocrine and autonomic functions as well. We conclude that, by using a sleeping mattress with a high sleep improvement effect, the user may easily achieve higher labor productivity and have a lower mortality risk. Eliminating sleep deprivation with a sleeping mattress may lead to a reduction in national economic losses and ultimately produce significant economic effects.
