Non-small-cell lung carcinoma （NSCLC） is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-449b （miR-449b） functions as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. Howe...Non-small-cell lung carcinoma （NSCLC） is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-449b （miR-449b） functions as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the role of miR- 449b in NSCLC is still unknown. In the present study, miR-449b was significantly down- regulated in NSCLC samples and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 3＇-UTR region of leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 （LGR4） mRNA had putative complementary sequences to miR-449b, which was further confirmed by the luciferase assay. Western blotting showed that restoration of miR-449b in NSCLC cells decreased the expression of LGR4. Interestingly, over-expression of miR-449b inhibited growth and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. Furthermore, ectopic expression of LGR4 reversed miR-449b-suppressed proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Therefore, the data of the present study demonstrate that miR-449b inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion by targeting LGR4 in NSCLC.展开更多
Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as ...Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as objects.EGFR gene mutation were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR.Relevance of EGFR gene mutation with clinical and pathological features was analyzed,and the prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was compared.Results:In 297 patients.136(45.79%) showed EGFR gene mutation.EGFR gene mutation had no significant relevance with age.gender,smoking history,family history of cancer and clinical stage(P>0.05);there was significant relevance between EGFR gene mutation and blood type,pathologic types,differentiation and diameter of cancer(P<0.05).The difference between prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:EGFR gene mutation has significant relevance with pathological features,the prognosis of EGFRmutant-paticnts is better than that of EGFR- wide type-patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)are highly sensitive for diagnosing and staging lung cancer.In...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)are highly sensitive for diagnosing and staging lung cancer.In recent years,targeted therapy has shown great significance in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC).Using these minimally invasive techniques to obtain specimens for molecular testing will provide patients with a more convenient diagnostic approach.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of tissue samples obtained using EUSFNA and EBUS-TBNA for molecular diagnosis of NSCLC.METHODS A total of 83 patients with NSCLC underwent molecular testing using tissues obtained from EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019.All enrolled patients underwent chest computed tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to puncture.We detected abnormal expression of EGFR,KRAS,MET,HER2,ROS1 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein.Two patients failed to complete molecular testing due to insufficient tumor tissue.The clinical features,puncture records,molecular testing results and targeted treatment in the remaining 81 patients were summarized.RESULTS In a total of 99 tissue samples obtained from 83 patients,molecular testing was successfully completed in 93 samples with a sample adequacy ratio of 93.9%(93/99).Biopsy samples from two patients failed to provide test results due to insufficient tumor tissue.In the remaining 81 patients,62 cases(76.5%)were found to have adenocarcinoma,11 cases(13.6%)had squamous cell carcinoma,3 cases(3.7%)had adenosquamous carcinoma and 5 cases(6.2%)had NSCLC-not otherwise specified.The results of molecular testing showed EGFR mutations in 21 cases(25.9%),KRAS mutations in 9 cases(11.1%),ROS-1 rearrangement in 1 case(1.2%)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive in 5 cases(6.2%).Twentyfour patients with positive results received targeted therapy.The total effectiveness rate of targeted therapy was 66.7%(16/24),and the disease control rate was 83.3%(20/24).CONCLUSION Tissue samples obtained by EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA are feasible for the molecular diagnosis of NSCLC and can provide reliable evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
In 2009, we demonstrated that a peptide, which we named “Peptide A”, derived from the extracellular domain of T-cell leukemia translocation-associated gene (TCTA) protein, inhibited both RANKL-induced human osteocla...In 2009, we demonstrated that a peptide, which we named “Peptide A”, derived from the extracellular domain of T-cell leukemia translocation-associated gene (TCTA) protein, inhibited both RANKL-induced human osteoclastogenesis and pit formation of mature human osteoclasts. Here, we examined the effect of Peptide A on the cell proliferation of cell lines of small-cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer: RERF-LC-MA, MCF-7, and PC-3, respectively. Peptide A inhibited the proliferation of RERF-LC-MA, but not MCF-7 or PC-3. TCTA protein was immunohistologically detected in RERF-LC-MA and MCF-7. Thus, Peptide A may provide a novel strategy for the therapy of the patients with small-cell lung carcinoma, especially with bone metastasis. In addition, Peptide A may be useful for the treatment of various cancer patients with bone metastasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung can...BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female patient in advanced lung adenocarcinoma suffered from drug resistance after EGFR-TKIs treatment.Secondary pathological tissue biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)transformation.Patients inevitably encountered drug resistance issues after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment for a certain period of time,while EGFR-TKIs can significantly improve the survival of patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations in NSCLC.Notably,EGFR-TKIs resistance includes primary and acquired.Pathological transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance in EGFR-TKIs,with SCC transformation being relatively rare.Our results provide more detailed results of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process on SCC transformation after EGFR-TKIs treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma transformation is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.展开更多
Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genet...Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.展开更多
Objective:Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)is associated with a low survival rate.Evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)and their receptors(BMPRs)play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression....Objective:Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)is associated with a low survival rate.Evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)and their receptors(BMPRs)play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression.However,a comprehensive analysis of their role in LUSC is lacking.Our study aimed to explore the relationship between BMPs/BMPRs expression levels and the tumorigenesis and prognosis of LUSC.Methods:The“R/Limma”package was utilized to analyze the differential expression characteristics of BMPs/BMPRs in LUSC,using data from TCGA,GTEx,and GEO databases.Concurrently,the“survminer”packages were employed to investigate their prognostic value and correlation with clinical features in LUSC.The core gene associated with LUSC progression was further explored through weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA).LASSO analysis was conducted to construct a prognostic risk model for LUSC.Clinical specimens were examined by immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the diagnostic value in LUSC.Furthermore,based on the tumor immune estimation resource database and tumor-immune system interaction database,the role of the core gene in the tumor microenvironment of LUSC was explored.Results:GDF10 had a significant correlation only with the pathological T stage of LUSC,and the protein expression level of GDF10 decreased with the tumorigenesis of LUSC.A prognostic risk model was constructed with GDF10 as the core gene and 5 hub genes(HRASLS,HIST1H2BH,FLRT3,CHEK2,and ALPL)for LUSC.GDF10 showed a significant positive correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression.Conclusion:GDF10 might serve as a diagnostic biomarker reflecting the tumorigenesis of LUSC and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment to guide more effective treatment for LUSC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases ...BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Common metastatic sites include the brain,liver,bones,and adrenal glands.However,gastric metastases from lung cancer are rare.This ...BACKGROUND Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Common metastatic sites include the brain,liver,bones,and adrenal glands.However,gastric metastases from lung cancer are rare.This case may be the first report of a combined gastroscopic and laparoscopic resection for gastric metasta-tic adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC).CASE SUMMARY We report a case of gastric metastasis from lung cancer.The patient was a 61-year-old Han Chinese female who first attended our hospital complaining of a per-sistent cough,leading to the diagnosis of advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma.After more than four years of chemotherapy,the patient began to experience epi-gastric pain.Endoscopy was performed,and pathological examination of biopsy specimens confirmed that the gastric lesion was a metastasis from lung cancer.The lesion was successfully resected by combined gastroscopy and laparoscopy.Histopathological examination of the resected gastric specimen revealed ASC.CONCLUSION Gastric metastases from lung cancer are rare.Endoscopy,histological and immunohistochemical staining are useful for diagnosing metastatic lesions.Surgical management may provide extended survival in appropriately selected patients.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article by Ji et al.We focus specifically on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)treatment and the development of drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Prompt treatment in tumor-associated encephalopathy may prolong survival. We describe a 69-year-old male patient who was presented with fulminant hepatic failure, secondary to small-cell lung carcinoma with rapidly pr...Prompt treatment in tumor-associated encephalopathy may prolong survival. We describe a 69-year-old male patient who was presented with fulminant hepatic failure, secondary to small-cell lung carcinoma with rapidly progressing encephalopathy. Both symptoms remitted following chemotherapy, suggesting swift diagnosis and administration of chemotherapy to be effective in treatment of fulminant hepatic failure and encephalopathy.展开更多
Objective: Investigate the efficacy and safety of Yao Medicine in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and explore the best therapeutic measure for clinical benefit. Methods: From July 2020 to July...Objective: Investigate the efficacy and safety of Yao Medicine in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and explore the best therapeutic measure for clinical benefit. Methods: From July 2020 to July 2022, 84 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma were selected and randomly divided into the Observation Group and control group, and the control group was treated with routine Western medicine, with 42 cases in each group. The activity of daily living (ADL) was assessed before and after treatment, meanwhile, the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety SAS (SAS) were used to assess the improvement of a bad mood, and quality of life SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life, to judge the efficacy and safety. Results: The effective rate of observation group was 91.67%. The effective rate of the control group was 76.19%. The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and after treatment, the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life in the two groups were compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05), the scores of VAS, SDS and SAS decreased significantly, while ESCV, angle of straight leg elevation, ADL, physiological score, emotional score, social score and health status score increased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Yao Medicine can improve the psychosomatic symptoms of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma better, with better efficacy and higher safety.展开更多
Objective:Lung metastasis is a common and fatal complication of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The precise prediction of post-transplant lung metastasis in the early phase is of great value.Me...Objective:Lung metastasis is a common and fatal complication of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The precise prediction of post-transplant lung metastasis in the early phase is of great value.Methods:The mRNA profiles of primary and paired lung metastatic lesions were analyzed to determine key signaling pathways.We enrolled 241 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation from three centers.Tissue microarrays were used to evaluate the prognostic capacity of tumor necrosis factor(TNF),tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),and TNFR2,particularly for post-transplant lung metastasis.Results:Comparison of primary and lung metastatic lesions revealed that the TNF-dependent signaling pathway was related to lung metastasis of HCC.The expression of TNF was degraded in comparison to that in para-tumor tissues(P<0.001).The expression of key receptors in the TNF-dependent signaling pathway,TNFR1 and TNFR2,was higher in HCC tissues than in para-tumor tissues(P<0.001).TNF and TNFR1 showed no relationship with patients’outcomes,whereas elevated TNFR2 in tumor tissue was significantly associated with worse overall survival(OS)and increased recurrence risk(5-year OS rate:31.9%vs.62.5%,P<0.001).Notably,elevated TNFR2 levels were also associated with an increased risk of post-transplant lung metastasis(hazard ratio:1.146;P<0.001).Cox regression analysis revealed that TNFR2,Hangzhou criteria,age,and hepatitis B surface antigen were independent risk factors for post-transplant lung metastasis,and a novel nomogram was established accordingly.The nomogram achieved excellent prognostic efficiency(area under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic=0.755,concordance-index=0.779)and was superior to conventional models,such as the Milan criteria.Conclusions:TNFR2 is a potent prognostic biomarker for predicting post-transplant lung metastasis in patients with HCC.A nomogram incorporating TNFR2 deserves to be a helpful prognostic tool in liver transplantation for HCC.展开更多
Non-small-cell lung cancer remains a leading cause of death around the world. For most cases, the only chance of cure comes from resection for localised disease, however relapse rates remain high following surgery. Da...Non-small-cell lung cancer remains a leading cause of death around the world. For most cases, the only chance of cure comes from resection for localised disease, however relapse rates remain high following surgery. Data has emerged over recent years regarding the utility of adjuvant chemotherapy for improving disease-free and overall survival of patients following curative resection. This paper reviews the clinical trials that have been conducted in this area along with the studies integrating radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. The role of prognostic gene signatures are reviewed as well as ongoing clinical trials including those incorporating biological or targeted therapies.展开更多
The predictive factors of prognosis and treatment strategies for small-cell carcinoma （SCC） of the urinary tract are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical experience and management of patie...The predictive factors of prognosis and treatment strategies for small-cell carcinoma （SCC） of the urinary tract are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical experience and management of patients with SCC of the urinary tract. We collected data of patients who were diagnosed with genitourinary SCC （GSCC） between 2002 and 2013 and were treated in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. A total of 18 patients were diagnosed with GSCC of which 10 originated from the prostate, seven from the bladder and one from the adrenal gland. The mean follow-up time was 15.5 months and progression-free survival （PFS） was 9.3 months. Primary tumor resection was attempted in 13 of 18 patients （72.2%） in whom radical surgery was performed in six of 14 （42.9%） limited disease patients. Most of the patients （13, 72.2%） received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients who had normal lactic dehydrogenase （LDH） levels showed a significantly higher median PFS and overall survival （OS） compared with patients with high LDH levels （P = 0,030, P = 0.010）. Patients with limited disease treated with a radical operation experienced a non-significant （P = 0,211） longer PFS compared with patients who were not treated, but this reached statistical significance after analyzing OS （P = 0.211, P = 0.039）. Our patients showed a poor prognosis as reported previously. Serum LDH levels beyond the normal range indicate a poor prognosis. For GSCC patients who are diagnosed with limited disease, radical surgery is strongly recommended along with cisplatin-based chemotherapy,展开更多
Objective: We investigated the correlation between the number of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and wholebody metabolic tumor volume(WBMTV) measured by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography/computed...Objective: We investigated the correlation between the number of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and wholebody metabolic tumor volume(WBMTV) measured by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).The aim was to evaluate the value of the incorporation of CTC number and WBMTV in the prognostic prediction of stage III small-cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study.All patients were treated with four cycles of a platinum-based regimen and concurrent chest irradiation,followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation.Blood samples for CTC analysis were obtained from 112 patients before the initiation of chemotherapy(as a baseline),after cycle 1 and after cycle 4.CTCs were measured using the CELLSEARCH? system.The patients underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT WBMTV,which included all malignant lesions.The Spearman rank test was used to determine the correlation among CTC counts,WBMTV and disease stage.Overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) curves were produced using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival differences between groups were assessed by the log-rank test.Results: The number of CTCs at baseline did not correlate with WBMTV before the initiation of therapy(P=0.241).The number of CTCs at baseline and the WBMTV before the initiation of therapy were independent relevant factors for PFS and OS.The subgroup analysis(Group A: CTC count >19.5 and a WBMTV >266.5cm~3;Group B: CTC count >19.5 and a WBMTV ≤266.5cm~3; Group C: CTC count ≤19.5 and a WBMTV >266.5cm~3;Group D: CTC count ≤19.5 and a WBMTV ≤266.5cm~3) showed that the differences were statistically significant in the median PFS(Group A vs.D,P<0.001; Group B vs.D,P=0.018; Group C vs.D,P=0.029) and in the median OS(Group A vs.D,P<0.001; Group B vs.D,P=0.012).Conclusions: CTC number and WBMTV are related to progression and death in patients with SCLC.The incorporation of CTC number and WBMTV scans can provide a detailed prognostic prediction for SCLC.展开更多
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very p...Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very poor prognosis. There exist few artificially cultured tumor cell lines to study SCNCE Then, another approach to that study consists in the use of fresh tumor tissue obtained from patients and its heterotransplantation into host mice. The purpose of this review is to integrate data from more than 20 years of heterotransplantation research in the study of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP）. Heterotransplantation has provided data regarding the histopathology, karyotype, DNA content, cell cycle frequency, tumor markers, androgen receptor expression, metastasis and take rate of this prostate disease. When possible, comparisons between original in situ specimens removed from patients and heterotransplanted tissue from host mice have been made. There are advantages, as well as limitations, that have been identified for SCNCP heterotransplants versus xenotransplantation of cultured cells. Overall, heterotransplanted tumors are better than conventional tumor xenografts at retaining tumor morphology, pathology, secretory activity and expression of tumor markers of the patient＇s original specimen. Furthermore, heterotransplanted tissue preserves the three-dimensional tumor architecture of the prostate to maintain critical stromal-epithelial cell interactions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(SNEC)of the rectum is a rare tumor associated with poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 77-year-old male who came into our hospital because of blood with his...BACKGROUND Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(SNEC)of the rectum is a rare tumor associated with poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 77-year-old male who came into our hospital because of blood with his stool.An endoscopy revealed a cauliflower-like neoplasm in his rectum.Imaging examination showed that the lesion in the upper rectum was likely rectal cancer,and there was no evidence of metastasis.The patient was treated with surgery.Pathological examination confirmed SNEC of the rectum and an R0 resection was achieved.However,1 mo after the operation,the patient developed intestinal and ureteral obstructions due to peritoneal metastases.Finally,the patient died from renal failure.CONCLUSION SNEC of the rectum is a high-grade carcinoma with an aggressive phenotype,and surgery should be cautiously considered.展开更多
Objective: Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and leukopenia is a common side effect. This study assesses whether chemotherapy-induced leukopenia is a predictor of efficacy and w...Objective: Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and leukopenia is a common side effect. This study assesses whether chemotherapy-induced leukopenia is a predictor of efficacy and whether it is associated with the survival of SCLC patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 445 patients with SCLC who received standard chemotherapy for 4 to 10 cycles. The World Health Organization grading system classifies leukopenia during chemotherapy as follows: absent (grade 0), mild (grades 1 and 2), or severe (grades 3 and 4). The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). Results: The association between chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and OS was assessed. According to a multivariate Cox model with time-varying covariates, the hazard ratio of death was significantly lower among patients with mild leukopenia than among patients with severe leukopenia at 0.687 (0.506 to 0.943) and 1.414 (1.147 to 1.744), respectively. The median survival was 13 months (95% CI: 11 to 15 months) for patients who did not experience leukopenia, 17 months (95% CI: 14 to 18 months) for those with mild leukopenia, and 14 months (95% CI: 13 to 16 months) for those with severe leukopenia (absent vs. mild vs. severe leukopenia, P=0.047). Conclusion: Leukopenia during chemotherapy is associated with the survival of SCLC patients. Mild leukopenia is strongly associated with longer survival time.展开更多
文摘Non-small-cell lung carcinoma （NSCLC） is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Previous studies have shown that microRNA-449b （miR-449b） functions as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, the role of miR- 449b in NSCLC is still unknown. In the present study, miR-449b was significantly down- regulated in NSCLC samples and cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that 3＇-UTR region of leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 4 （LGR4） mRNA had putative complementary sequences to miR-449b, which was further confirmed by the luciferase assay. Western blotting showed that restoration of miR-449b in NSCLC cells decreased the expression of LGR4. Interestingly, over-expression of miR-449b inhibited growth and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro. Furthermore, ectopic expression of LGR4 reversed miR-449b-suppressed proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells. Therefore, the data of the present study demonstrate that miR-449b inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion by targeting LGR4 in NSCLC.
基金supported by Project Development Plan of Yantai city Science and Technology(No.2013WS229)
文摘Objective:To study the relevance of EGFR gene mutation with pathological features and prognosis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma.Methods:A total of 297 patients from July 2009 to May 2013 were chosen as objects.EGFR gene mutation were detected with fluorescence quantitative PCR.Relevance of EGFR gene mutation with clinical and pathological features was analyzed,and the prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was compared.Results:In 297 patients.136(45.79%) showed EGFR gene mutation.EGFR gene mutation had no significant relevance with age.gender,smoking history,family history of cancer and clinical stage(P>0.05);there was significant relevance between EGFR gene mutation and blood type,pathologic types,differentiation and diameter of cancer(P<0.05).The difference between prognosis of EGFR- mutant-patients and that of EGFR- wide type-patients was statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions:EGFR gene mutation has significant relevance with pathological features,the prognosis of EGFRmutant-paticnts is better than that of EGFR- wide type-patients.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81903055Tumor Translational Medicine Seed Fund of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,No.1709.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)are highly sensitive for diagnosing and staging lung cancer.In recent years,targeted therapy has shown great significance in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC).Using these minimally invasive techniques to obtain specimens for molecular testing will provide patients with a more convenient diagnostic approach.AIM To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of tissue samples obtained using EUSFNA and EBUS-TBNA for molecular diagnosis of NSCLC.METHODS A total of 83 patients with NSCLC underwent molecular testing using tissues obtained from EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to June 2019.All enrolled patients underwent chest computed tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to puncture.We detected abnormal expression of EGFR,KRAS,MET,HER2,ROS1 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein.Two patients failed to complete molecular testing due to insufficient tumor tissue.The clinical features,puncture records,molecular testing results and targeted treatment in the remaining 81 patients were summarized.RESULTS In a total of 99 tissue samples obtained from 83 patients,molecular testing was successfully completed in 93 samples with a sample adequacy ratio of 93.9%(93/99).Biopsy samples from two patients failed to provide test results due to insufficient tumor tissue.In the remaining 81 patients,62 cases(76.5%)were found to have adenocarcinoma,11 cases(13.6%)had squamous cell carcinoma,3 cases(3.7%)had adenosquamous carcinoma and 5 cases(6.2%)had NSCLC-not otherwise specified.The results of molecular testing showed EGFR mutations in 21 cases(25.9%),KRAS mutations in 9 cases(11.1%),ROS-1 rearrangement in 1 case(1.2%)and anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive in 5 cases(6.2%).Twentyfour patients with positive results received targeted therapy.The total effectiveness rate of targeted therapy was 66.7%(16/24),and the disease control rate was 83.3%(20/24).CONCLUSION Tissue samples obtained by EUS-FNA or EBUS-TBNA are feasible for the molecular diagnosis of NSCLC and can provide reliable evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
文摘In 2009, we demonstrated that a peptide, which we named “Peptide A”, derived from the extracellular domain of T-cell leukemia translocation-associated gene (TCTA) protein, inhibited both RANKL-induced human osteoclastogenesis and pit formation of mature human osteoclasts. Here, we examined the effect of Peptide A on the cell proliferation of cell lines of small-cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer: RERF-LC-MA, MCF-7, and PC-3, respectively. Peptide A inhibited the proliferation of RERF-LC-MA, but not MCF-7 or PC-3. TCTA protein was immunohistologically detected in RERF-LC-MA and MCF-7. Thus, Peptide A may provide a novel strategy for the therapy of the patients with small-cell lung carcinoma, especially with bone metastasis. In addition, Peptide A may be useful for the treatment of various cancer patients with bone metastasis.
文摘BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)significantly improve the survival of patients with Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)sensitive mutations in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female patient in advanced lung adenocarcinoma suffered from drug resistance after EGFR-TKIs treatment.Secondary pathological tissue biopsy confirmed squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)transformation.Patients inevitably encountered drug resistance issues after receiving EGFR-TKIs treatment for a certain period of time,while EGFR-TKIs can significantly improve the survival of patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations in NSCLC.Notably,EGFR-TKIs resistance includes primary and acquired.Pathological transformation is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance in EGFR-TKIs,with SCC transformation being relatively rare.Our results provide more detailed results of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment process on SCC transformation after EGFR-TKIs treatment for lung adenocarcinoma.CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma transformation is one of the acquired resistance mechanisms of EGFR-TKIs in advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91959205)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82141117)+3 种基金The Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH) (No. 2022-2-1023)Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation Ypierrefabre (No. 202101-0099)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (No. PX2020045)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital (No. 2020-4)。
文摘Objective: There is an ongoing debate about whether the management of gastroenteropancreatic(GEP)neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) should follow the guidelines of small-cell lung cancer(SCLC). We aim to identify the genetic differences of GEPNEC and its counterpart.Methods: We recruited GEPNEC patients as the main cohort, with lung NEC and digestive adenocarcinomas as comparative cohorts. All patients undergone next-generation sequencing(NGS). Different gene alterations were compared and analyzed between GEPNEC and lung NEC(LNEC), GEPNEC and adenocarcinoma to yield the remarkable genes.Results: We recruited 257 patients, including 99 GEPNEC, 57 LNEC, and 101 digestive adenocarcinomas.Among the mutations, KRAS, RB1, TERT, IL7R, and CTNNB1 were found to have different gene alterations between GEPNEC and LNEC samples. Specific genes for each site were revealed: gastric NEC(TERT amplification),colorectal NEC(KRAS mutation), and bile tract NEC(ARID1A mutation). The gene disparities between small-cell NEC(SCNEC) and large-cell NEC(LCNEC) were KEAP1 and CDH1. Digestive adenocarcinoma was also compared with GEPNEC and suggested RB1, APC, and KRAS as significant genes. The TP53/RB1 mutation pattern was associated with first-line effectiveness. Putative targetable genes and biomarkers in GEPNEC were identified in22.2% of the patients, and they had longer progression-free survival(PFS) upon targetable treatment [12.5 months vs. 3.0 months, HR=0.40(0.21-0.75), P=0.006].Conclusions: This work demonstrated striking gene distinctions in GEPNEC compared with LNEC and adenocarcinoma and their clinical utility.
文摘Objective:Lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)is associated with a low survival rate.Evidence suggests that bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs)and their receptors(BMPRs)play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and progression.However,a comprehensive analysis of their role in LUSC is lacking.Our study aimed to explore the relationship between BMPs/BMPRs expression levels and the tumorigenesis and prognosis of LUSC.Methods:The“R/Limma”package was utilized to analyze the differential expression characteristics of BMPs/BMPRs in LUSC,using data from TCGA,GTEx,and GEO databases.Concurrently,the“survminer”packages were employed to investigate their prognostic value and correlation with clinical features in LUSC.The core gene associated with LUSC progression was further explored through weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA).LASSO analysis was conducted to construct a prognostic risk model for LUSC.Clinical specimens were examined by immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the diagnostic value in LUSC.Furthermore,based on the tumor immune estimation resource database and tumor-immune system interaction database,the role of the core gene in the tumor microenvironment of LUSC was explored.Results:GDF10 had a significant correlation only with the pathological T stage of LUSC,and the protein expression level of GDF10 decreased with the tumorigenesis of LUSC.A prognostic risk model was constructed with GDF10 as the core gene and 5 hub genes(HRASLS,HIST1H2BH,FLRT3,CHEK2,and ALPL)for LUSC.GDF10 showed a significant positive correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression.Conclusion:GDF10 might serve as a diagnostic biomarker reflecting the tumorigenesis of LUSC and regulating the tumor immune microenvironment to guide more effective treatment for LUSC.
基金Supported by Chronic Disease Management Center for Thoracic Tumor,The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University,No.2021MGZX-07Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2019A610238.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)have large fluctuations in blood glucose(BG),abnormal metabolic function and low immunity to varying degrees,which increases the risk of malignant tumor diseases and affects the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy.Controlling hyperglycemia may have important therapeutic implications for cancer patients.AIM To clarify the influence of BG fluctuations on chemotherapy efficacy and safety in T2DM patients complicated with lung carcinoma(LC).METHODS The clinical data of 60 T2DM+LC patients who presented to the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent chemotherapy and were grouped as a control group(CG;normal BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation<3.9 mmol/L)and an observation group(OG;high BG fluctuation with a mean fluctuation≥3.9 mmol/L)based on their BG fluctuations,with 30 cases each.BGrelated indices,tumor markers,serum inflammatory cytokines and adverse reactions were comparatively analyzed.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between BG fluctuations and tumor markers.RESULTS The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the OG were notably elevated compared with those in the CG,together with markedly higher mean amplitude of glycemic excursions(MAGE),mean of daily differences,largest amplitude of glycemic excursions and standard deviation of blood glucose(P<0.05).In addition,the OG exhibited evidently higher levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,carbohydrate antigen 125,carcinoembryonic antigen,neuron-specific enolase,cytokeratin 19,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6,and highsensitivity C-reactive protein than the CG(P<0.05).Pearson analysis revealed a positive association of MAGE with serum tumor markers.The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly higher in the OG than in the CG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The greater the BG fluctuation in LC patients after chemotherapy,the more unfavorable the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy;the higher the level of tumor markers and inflammatory cytokines,the more adverse reactions the patient experiences.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.Common metastatic sites include the brain,liver,bones,and adrenal glands.However,gastric metastases from lung cancer are rare.This case may be the first report of a combined gastroscopic and laparoscopic resection for gastric metasta-tic adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC).CASE SUMMARY We report a case of gastric metastasis from lung cancer.The patient was a 61-year-old Han Chinese female who first attended our hospital complaining of a per-sistent cough,leading to the diagnosis of advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma.After more than four years of chemotherapy,the patient began to experience epi-gastric pain.Endoscopy was performed,and pathological examination of biopsy specimens confirmed that the gastric lesion was a metastasis from lung cancer.The lesion was successfully resected by combined gastroscopy and laparoscopy.Histopathological examination of the resected gastric specimen revealed ASC.CONCLUSION Gastric metastases from lung cancer are rare.Endoscopy,histological and immunohistochemical staining are useful for diagnosing metastatic lesions.Surgical management may provide extended survival in appropriately selected patients.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article by Ji et al.We focus specifically on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)treatment and the development of drug resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
文摘Prompt treatment in tumor-associated encephalopathy may prolong survival. We describe a 69-year-old male patient who was presented with fulminant hepatic failure, secondary to small-cell lung carcinoma with rapidly progressing encephalopathy. Both symptoms remitted following chemotherapy, suggesting swift diagnosis and administration of chemotherapy to be effective in treatment of fulminant hepatic failure and encephalopathy.
文摘Objective: Investigate the efficacy and safety of Yao Medicine in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and explore the best therapeutic measure for clinical benefit. Methods: From July 2020 to July 2022, 84 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma were selected and randomly divided into the Observation Group and control group, and the control group was treated with routine Western medicine, with 42 cases in each group. The activity of daily living (ADL) was assessed before and after treatment, meanwhile, the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety SAS (SAS) were used to assess the improvement of a bad mood, and quality of life SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life, to judge the efficacy and safety. Results: The effective rate of observation group was 91.67%. The effective rate of the control group was 76.19%. The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and after treatment, the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life in the two groups were compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05), the scores of VAS, SDS and SAS decreased significantly, while ESCV, angle of straight leg elevation, ADL, physiological score, emotional score, social score and health status score increased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Yao Medicine can improve the psychosomatic symptoms of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma better, with better efficacy and higher safety.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1100500)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202)+2 种基金the Key Research&Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2019C03050),the Key Research&Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C03118)National S&T Major Project(No.2017ZX10203205)the Health Science&Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2022RC060)。
文摘Objective:Lung metastasis is a common and fatal complication of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The precise prediction of post-transplant lung metastasis in the early phase is of great value.Methods:The mRNA profiles of primary and paired lung metastatic lesions were analyzed to determine key signaling pathways.We enrolled 241 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation from three centers.Tissue microarrays were used to evaluate the prognostic capacity of tumor necrosis factor(TNF),tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),and TNFR2,particularly for post-transplant lung metastasis.Results:Comparison of primary and lung metastatic lesions revealed that the TNF-dependent signaling pathway was related to lung metastasis of HCC.The expression of TNF was degraded in comparison to that in para-tumor tissues(P<0.001).The expression of key receptors in the TNF-dependent signaling pathway,TNFR1 and TNFR2,was higher in HCC tissues than in para-tumor tissues(P<0.001).TNF and TNFR1 showed no relationship with patients’outcomes,whereas elevated TNFR2 in tumor tissue was significantly associated with worse overall survival(OS)and increased recurrence risk(5-year OS rate:31.9%vs.62.5%,P<0.001).Notably,elevated TNFR2 levels were also associated with an increased risk of post-transplant lung metastasis(hazard ratio:1.146;P<0.001).Cox regression analysis revealed that TNFR2,Hangzhou criteria,age,and hepatitis B surface antigen were independent risk factors for post-transplant lung metastasis,and a novel nomogram was established accordingly.The nomogram achieved excellent prognostic efficiency(area under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic=0.755,concordance-index=0.779)and was superior to conventional models,such as the Milan criteria.Conclusions:TNFR2 is a potent prognostic biomarker for predicting post-transplant lung metastasis in patients with HCC.A nomogram incorporating TNFR2 deserves to be a helpful prognostic tool in liver transplantation for HCC.
文摘Non-small-cell lung cancer remains a leading cause of death around the world. For most cases, the only chance of cure comes from resection for localised disease, however relapse rates remain high following surgery. Data has emerged over recent years regarding the utility of adjuvant chemotherapy for improving disease-free and overall survival of patients following curative resection. This paper reviews the clinical trials that have been conducted in this area along with the studies integrating radiation therapy in the adjuvant setting. The role of prognostic gene signatures are reviewed as well as ongoing clinical trials including those incorporating biological or targeted therapies.
文摘The predictive factors of prognosis and treatment strategies for small-cell carcinoma （SCC） of the urinary tract are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the clinical experience and management of patients with SCC of the urinary tract. We collected data of patients who were diagnosed with genitourinary SCC （GSCC） between 2002 and 2013 and were treated in the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. A total of 18 patients were diagnosed with GSCC of which 10 originated from the prostate, seven from the bladder and one from the adrenal gland. The mean follow-up time was 15.5 months and progression-free survival （PFS） was 9.3 months. Primary tumor resection was attempted in 13 of 18 patients （72.2%） in whom radical surgery was performed in six of 14 （42.9%） limited disease patients. Most of the patients （13, 72.2%） received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients who had normal lactic dehydrogenase （LDH） levels showed a significantly higher median PFS and overall survival （OS） compared with patients with high LDH levels （P = 0,030, P = 0.010）. Patients with limited disease treated with a radical operation experienced a non-significant （P = 0,211） longer PFS compared with patients who were not treated, but this reached statistical significance after analyzing OS （P = 0.211, P = 0.039）. Our patients showed a poor prognosis as reported previously. Serum LDH levels beyond the normal range indicate a poor prognosis. For GSCC patients who are diagnosed with limited disease, radical surgery is strongly recommended along with cisplatin-based chemotherapy,
基金supported by a grant from the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(No.201402011)
文摘Objective: We investigated the correlation between the number of circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and wholebody metabolic tumor volume(WBMTV) measured by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT).The aim was to evaluate the value of the incorporation of CTC number and WBMTV in the prognostic prediction of stage III small-cell lung cancer(SCLC).Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study.All patients were treated with four cycles of a platinum-based regimen and concurrent chest irradiation,followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation.Blood samples for CTC analysis were obtained from 112 patients before the initiation of chemotherapy(as a baseline),after cycle 1 and after cycle 4.CTCs were measured using the CELLSEARCH? system.The patients underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT WBMTV,which included all malignant lesions.The Spearman rank test was used to determine the correlation among CTC counts,WBMTV and disease stage.Overall survival(OS) and progression-free survival(PFS) curves were produced using the Kaplan-Meier method,and survival differences between groups were assessed by the log-rank test.Results: The number of CTCs at baseline did not correlate with WBMTV before the initiation of therapy(P=0.241).The number of CTCs at baseline and the WBMTV before the initiation of therapy were independent relevant factors for PFS and OS.The subgroup analysis(Group A: CTC count >19.5 and a WBMTV >266.5cm~3;Group B: CTC count >19.5 and a WBMTV ≤266.5cm~3; Group C: CTC count ≤19.5 and a WBMTV >266.5cm~3;Group D: CTC count ≤19.5 and a WBMTV ≤266.5cm~3) showed that the differences were statistically significant in the median PFS(Group A vs.D,P<0.001; Group B vs.D,P=0.018; Group C vs.D,P=0.029) and in the median OS(Group A vs.D,P<0.001; Group B vs.D,P=0.012).Conclusions: CTC number and WBMTV are related to progression and death in patients with SCLC.The incorporation of CTC number and WBMTV scans can provide a detailed prognostic prediction for SCLC.
文摘Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP） is an uncommon type of prostate cancer. However, it is of clinical importance because it is one of the most aggressive tumors of the prostate with a very poor prognosis. There exist few artificially cultured tumor cell lines to study SCNCE Then, another approach to that study consists in the use of fresh tumor tissue obtained from patients and its heterotransplantation into host mice. The purpose of this review is to integrate data from more than 20 years of heterotransplantation research in the study of small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate （SCNCP）. Heterotransplantation has provided data regarding the histopathology, karyotype, DNA content, cell cycle frequency, tumor markers, androgen receptor expression, metastasis and take rate of this prostate disease. When possible, comparisons between original in situ specimens removed from patients and heterotransplanted tissue from host mice have been made. There are advantages, as well as limitations, that have been identified for SCNCP heterotransplants versus xenotransplantation of cultured cells. Overall, heterotransplanted tumors are better than conventional tumor xenografts at retaining tumor morphology, pathology, secretory activity and expression of tumor markers of the patient＇s original specimen. Furthermore, heterotransplanted tissue preserves the three-dimensional tumor architecture of the prostate to maintain critical stromal-epithelial cell interactions.
文摘BACKGROUND Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(SNEC)of the rectum is a rare tumor associated with poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 77-year-old male who came into our hospital because of blood with his stool.An endoscopy revealed a cauliflower-like neoplasm in his rectum.Imaging examination showed that the lesion in the upper rectum was likely rectal cancer,and there was no evidence of metastasis.The patient was treated with surgery.Pathological examination confirmed SNEC of the rectum and an R0 resection was achieved.However,1 mo after the operation,the patient developed intestinal and ureteral obstructions due to peritoneal metastases.Finally,the patient died from renal failure.CONCLUSION SNEC of the rectum is a high-grade carcinoma with an aggressive phenotype,and surgery should be cautiously considered.
基金supported by the Key Problem Tackling Project for Cancer Therapy, China (Grant No. 12ZCDZSY15600)
文摘Objective: Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), and leukopenia is a common side effect. This study assesses whether chemotherapy-induced leukopenia is a predictor of efficacy and whether it is associated with the survival of SCLC patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 445 patients with SCLC who received standard chemotherapy for 4 to 10 cycles. The World Health Organization grading system classifies leukopenia during chemotherapy as follows: absent (grade 0), mild (grades 1 and 2), or severe (grades 3 and 4). The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS). Results: The association between chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and OS was assessed. According to a multivariate Cox model with time-varying covariates, the hazard ratio of death was significantly lower among patients with mild leukopenia than among patients with severe leukopenia at 0.687 (0.506 to 0.943) and 1.414 (1.147 to 1.744), respectively. The median survival was 13 months (95% CI: 11 to 15 months) for patients who did not experience leukopenia, 17 months (95% CI: 14 to 18 months) for those with mild leukopenia, and 14 months (95% CI: 13 to 16 months) for those with severe leukopenia (absent vs. mild vs. severe leukopenia, P=0.047). Conclusion: Leukopenia during chemotherapy is associated with the survival of SCLC patients. Mild leukopenia is strongly associated with longer survival time.
