A novel gene, GhSERK1, was identified in cotton. It encoded a protein belonging to the somatic embryogenesis receptor- like kinase （SERK） family. The genomic sequence of GhSERK1 was 6 920 bp in length, containing a ...A novel gene, GhSERK1, was identified in cotton. It encoded a protein belonging to the somatic embryogenesis receptor- like kinase （SERK） family. The genomic sequence of GhSERK1 was 6 920 bp in length, containing a predicted transcriptional start site （TSS）. Its full-length cDNA was 2 502 bp, encoding a protein of 627 amino acids. Sequence analysis of GhSERK1 revealed high levels of similarity to other reported SERKs, as well as a conserved intron/exon structure that was unique to members of the SERK family. Expression analysis showed that GhSERK1 mRNA was present in all organs of cotton plants and at different developmental stages, but its transcripts were most abundant in reproductive organs. Compared with that of the male-fertile line, the level of GhSERK1 mRNA was lower in the anther of the male-sterile cotton line, in which the pollen development was defected. Taken together, these findings illustrated that the GhSERK1 play a critical role during the anther formation, and may also have a broad role in other aspects of plant development.展开更多
植物细胞受体类蛋白是一类重要的结构蛋白,在环境信号感知及细胞间信息传递中起重要作用。本研究克隆了三叶青(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的两个受体蛋白基因ThRLP1与ThRLK1,并对其进行了生物信息学分析、器官特异性表达...植物细胞受体类蛋白是一类重要的结构蛋白,在环境信号感知及细胞间信息传递中起重要作用。本研究克隆了三叶青(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的两个受体蛋白基因ThRLP1与ThRLK1,并对其进行了生物信息学分析、器官特异性表达分析和在块根发育不同时期的表达分析,以明确两基因与三叶青芽发育和块根形成的相关性。生物信息学分析表明,所克隆的两个基因中一个为细胞外受体类蛋白基因(ThR-LP1),其氨基酸序列具有特征的亮氨酸重复序列,亚细胞定位推测在细胞壁;另一个为质膜受体类蛋白激酶基因(ThRLK1),推测氨基酸序列中具有特征的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的催化结构域,亚细胞定位推测在细胞核。器官特异性表达分析发现ThRLP1在块根中的表达量显著低于其他器官,ThRLK1在块根中的表达量显著低于枝蔓但高于其他器官,两个基因的表达水平并没有显示出与芽发育有相关性;块根发育不同时期表达量分析表明,ThRLP1在块根初始膨大期的表达量显著低于其他时期,ThRLK1表达量随块根发育进程而提高,ThR-LK1基因的表达与块根发育进程呈现出一定的正相关性。所克隆的两个受体蛋白可通过大肠杆菌原核表达体系正确表达出相应蛋白。本研究可为进一步明确受体类蛋白激酶基因在三叶青块根发育分子网络中的功能提供初步的参考依据。展开更多
The rice XA21 immune receptor kinase and the structurally related XA3 receptor confer immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. Here we report the isolation of OsSER...The rice XA21 immune receptor kinase and the structurally related XA3 receptor confer immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. Here we report the isolation of OsSERK2 （rice somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2） and demonstrate that OsSERK2 positively regulates immunity mediated by XA21 and XA3 as well as the rice immune receptor FLS2 （OsFLS2）. Rice plants silenced for OsSerk2 display altered morphology and reduced sensitivity to the hormone brassinolide. OsSERK2 interacts with the intracellular domains of each immune receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system in a kinase activity-dependent manner. OsSERK2 undergoes bidi- rectional transphosphorylation with XA21 in vitro and forms a constitutive complex with XA21 in vivo. These results demonstrate an essential role for OsSERK2 in the function of three rice immune receptors and suggest that direct interaction with the rice immune receptors is critical for their function. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanism of OsSERK2-meditated regulation of rice XA21, XA3, and FLS2 differs from that of AtSERK3/BAK1-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR.展开更多
Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that Os...Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that OsSerk2 is required for rice Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） and for normal development. Here we report the molecular characterization of OsSerk1. Overexpression of OsSerk1 results in a semi-dwarf phenotype whereas silencing of OsSerk1 results in a reduced angle of the lamina joint. OsSerk1 is not required for rice resistance to Xoo or Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Os Serk1 in OsSerk2-silenced lines complements phenotypes associated with brassinosteroid（BR） signaling defects, but not the disease resistance phenotype mediated by Xa21. In yeast, OsSERK1 interacts with itself forming homodimers, and also interacts with the kinase domains of OsSERK2 and BRI1, respectively.OsSERK1 is a functional protein kinase capable of auto-phosphorylation in vitro. We conclude that, whereas OsSERK2 regulates both rice development and immunity, OsSERK1 functions in rice development but not immunity to Xoo and M. oryzae.展开更多
Embryogenesis,which establishes the basic body plan for the post-embryonic organs after stereotyped cell divisions,initiates the first step of the plant life cycle.Studies in the last two decades indicate that embryog...Embryogenesis,which establishes the basic body plan for the post-embryonic organs after stereotyped cell divisions,initiates the first step of the plant life cycle.Studies in the last two decades indicate that embryogenesis is a precisely controlled process,and any defect would result in abnormalities.Here we discuss the recent progresses,with a focus on the cellular pathways governing early embryogenesis in the model species Arabidopsis.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Initiative of Development of Transgenic Cotton Plants funded by Ministry of Agriculture, China (2008ZX08005-004)
文摘A novel gene, GhSERK1, was identified in cotton. It encoded a protein belonging to the somatic embryogenesis receptor- like kinase （SERK） family. The genomic sequence of GhSERK1 was 6 920 bp in length, containing a predicted transcriptional start site （TSS）. Its full-length cDNA was 2 502 bp, encoding a protein of 627 amino acids. Sequence analysis of GhSERK1 revealed high levels of similarity to other reported SERKs, as well as a conserved intron/exon structure that was unique to members of the SERK family. Expression analysis showed that GhSERK1 mRNA was present in all organs of cotton plants and at different developmental stages, but its transcripts were most abundant in reproductive organs. Compared with that of the male-fertile line, the level of GhSERK1 mRNA was lower in the anther of the male-sterile cotton line, in which the pollen development was defected. Taken together, these findings illustrated that the GhSERK1 play a critical role during the anther formation, and may also have a broad role in other aspects of plant development.
文摘植物细胞受体类蛋白是一类重要的结构蛋白,在环境信号感知及细胞间信息传递中起重要作用。本研究克隆了三叶青(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的两个受体蛋白基因ThRLP1与ThRLK1,并对其进行了生物信息学分析、器官特异性表达分析和在块根发育不同时期的表达分析,以明确两基因与三叶青芽发育和块根形成的相关性。生物信息学分析表明,所克隆的两个基因中一个为细胞外受体类蛋白基因(ThR-LP1),其氨基酸序列具有特征的亮氨酸重复序列,亚细胞定位推测在细胞壁;另一个为质膜受体类蛋白激酶基因(ThRLK1),推测氨基酸序列中具有特征的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的催化结构域,亚细胞定位推测在细胞核。器官特异性表达分析发现ThRLP1在块根中的表达量显著低于其他器官,ThRLK1在块根中的表达量显著低于枝蔓但高于其他器官,两个基因的表达水平并没有显示出与芽发育有相关性;块根发育不同时期表达量分析表明,ThRLP1在块根初始膨大期的表达量显著低于其他时期,ThRLK1表达量随块根发育进程而提高,ThR-LK1基因的表达与块根发育进程呈现出一定的正相关性。所克隆的两个受体蛋白可通过大肠杆菌原核表达体系正确表达出相应蛋白。本研究可为进一步明确受体类蛋白激酶基因在三叶青块根发育分子网络中的功能提供初步的参考依据。
文摘The rice XA21 immune receptor kinase and the structurally related XA3 receptor confer immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. Here we report the isolation of OsSERK2 （rice somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2） and demonstrate that OsSERK2 positively regulates immunity mediated by XA21 and XA3 as well as the rice immune receptor FLS2 （OsFLS2）. Rice plants silenced for OsSerk2 display altered morphology and reduced sensitivity to the hormone brassinolide. OsSERK2 interacts with the intracellular domains of each immune receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system in a kinase activity-dependent manner. OsSERK2 undergoes bidi- rectional transphosphorylation with XA21 in vitro and forms a constitutive complex with XA21 in vivo. These results demonstrate an essential role for OsSERK2 in the function of three rice immune receptors and suggest that direct interaction with the rice immune receptors is critical for their function. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanism of OsSERK2-meditated regulation of rice XA21, XA3, and FLS2 differs from that of AtSERK3/BAK1-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR.
基金supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (GM59962) to Pamela C. RonaldJiangsu Government scholarship for overseas study and the fund for short-term visit of foreign research fellows to Shimin Zuo+3 种基金National Science Fund of China (31171622 and 31371705)Sichuan ‘Hundred Talents Plan’ fund to Xuewei Chenan EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) long-term post-doctoral fellowship (ALTF 1290-2011)a Human Frontiers Science Program long-term post-doctoral fellowship (LT000674/2012) to Benjamin Schwessinger
文摘Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that OsSerk2 is required for rice Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） and for normal development. Here we report the molecular characterization of OsSerk1. Overexpression of OsSerk1 results in a semi-dwarf phenotype whereas silencing of OsSerk1 results in a reduced angle of the lamina joint. OsSerk1 is not required for rice resistance to Xoo or Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Os Serk1 in OsSerk2-silenced lines complements phenotypes associated with brassinosteroid（BR） signaling defects, but not the disease resistance phenotype mediated by Xa21. In yeast, OsSERK1 interacts with itself forming homodimers, and also interacts with the kinase domains of OsSERK2 and BRI1, respectively.OsSERK1 is a functional protein kinase capable of auto-phosphorylation in vitro. We conclude that, whereas OsSERK2 regulates both rice development and immunity, OsSERK1 functions in rice development but not immunity to Xoo and M. oryzae.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-YW-N-048)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30830063,30921003).
文摘Embryogenesis,which establishes the basic body plan for the post-embryonic organs after stereotyped cell divisions,initiates the first step of the plant life cycle.Studies in the last two decades indicate that embryogenesis is a precisely controlled process,and any defect would result in abnormalities.Here we discuss the recent progresses,with a focus on the cellular pathways governing early embryogenesis in the model species Arabidopsis.
