This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined ...This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980 s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990 s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between the changes in lake water volume and climate change can provide valuable information to the recharge sources of lake water. This is particularly true in arid areas such as the Ba...Understanding the relationship between the changes in lake water volume and climate change can provide valuable information to the recharge sources of lake water. This is particularly true in arid areas such as the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, an ecologically sensitive area, where the recharge sources of lakes are heatedly debated. In this study, we determined the areas of 50 lakes （representing 70% of the total permanent lakes in this sand sea） in 1967, 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2010 by analyzing remote-sensing images using image processing and ArGIS software. In general, the total lake area decreased from 1967 to 1990, remained almost unchanged from 1990 to 2000, and increased from 2000 to 2010. Analysis of the relationship between these changes and the contemporaneous changes in annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in the surrounding areas suggests that temperature has significantly affected the lake area, but that the influence of precipitation was minor. These results tend to su- pport the palaeo-water recharge hypothesis for lakes of the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, considering the fact that the distribution and area of lakes are closely related to precipitation and the size of mega-dunes, but the contemporaneous precipitation can hardly balance the lake water.展开更多
The integration between engineering and knowledge systems （KS） in a manufacturing environment in a network of industrial enterprises was investigated. The drivers for this application of engineering design to infras...The integration between engineering and knowledge systems （KS） in a manufacturing environment in a network of industrial enterprises was investigated. The drivers for this application of engineering design to infrastructure in an industrial setting where cost and time to market are vital were to spread best practice, and to gain experience in dealing with the regulatory authorities according to ISO 14000. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the industrial wastewater treatment plant of the Hilla Textile Factories, to find an appropriate method of treating the industrial wastewater so as to render it fit for reuse or safe to be disposed of as stipulated by the Iraqi laws on effluent disposal. The removal efficiencies of the different parameters used to describe water quality was low. It was found that the removal efficiency of COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand） was 20-21%, that of BOD （Biochemical Oxygen Demand） was 17-30% and that of TSS （Total Suspended Solids） was 27-31%. The quality of the effluent was not in line with those of either the Iraqi or American standards.展开更多
文摘This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980 s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990 s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130533)
文摘Understanding the relationship between the changes in lake water volume and climate change can provide valuable information to the recharge sources of lake water. This is particularly true in arid areas such as the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, an ecologically sensitive area, where the recharge sources of lakes are heatedly debated. In this study, we determined the areas of 50 lakes （representing 70% of the total permanent lakes in this sand sea） in 1967, 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2010 by analyzing remote-sensing images using image processing and ArGIS software. In general, the total lake area decreased from 1967 to 1990, remained almost unchanged from 1990 to 2000, and increased from 2000 to 2010. Analysis of the relationship between these changes and the contemporaneous changes in annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in the surrounding areas suggests that temperature has significantly affected the lake area, but that the influence of precipitation was minor. These results tend to su- pport the palaeo-water recharge hypothesis for lakes of the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, considering the fact that the distribution and area of lakes are closely related to precipitation and the size of mega-dunes, but the contemporaneous precipitation can hardly balance the lake water.
文摘The integration between engineering and knowledge systems （KS） in a manufacturing environment in a network of industrial enterprises was investigated. The drivers for this application of engineering design to infrastructure in an industrial setting where cost and time to market are vital were to spread best practice, and to gain experience in dealing with the regulatory authorities according to ISO 14000. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the industrial wastewater treatment plant of the Hilla Textile Factories, to find an appropriate method of treating the industrial wastewater so as to render it fit for reuse or safe to be disposed of as stipulated by the Iraqi laws on effluent disposal. The removal efficiencies of the different parameters used to describe water quality was low. It was found that the removal efficiency of COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand） was 20-21%, that of BOD （Biochemical Oxygen Demand） was 17-30% and that of TSS （Total Suspended Solids） was 27-31%. The quality of the effluent was not in line with those of either the Iraqi or American standards.
