Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (M...Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been an important advancement in the diagnosis and management of TSCI. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature correlating the radiological abnormalities and histopathological findings in the first hour (i.e., hyperacute period) after injury. The aim of this preliminary study is to elucidate the relationship between the MRI abnormalities and histopathological abnormalities in the hyperacute time period. In this study, a non-human primate model (NHP) primate model is used to characterize the histopathological and radiological features. Specifically, an experimental TSCI is created with an epidural catheter. This is followed by MRI imaging. The subject is then humanely euthanized and a post-mortem examination is completed. These results suggest that the noted radiological abnormalities are consistent with a combination of hemorrhage, edema as well as eosinophilic cellular matter in the central canal.展开更多
Objective To approach the effect of microgene pSVPoMcat modified Schwan n cell (SC) on the regeneration and repair of injured spinal cord.Method Spinal cord hemi－transection models were made with the cutting method i...Objective To approach the effect of microgene pSVPoMcat modified Schwan n cell (SC) on the regeneration and repair of injured spinal cord.Method Spinal cord hemi－transection models were made with the cutting method in healthy SD ra ts. Microgene pSVPoMcat modified SC(group A),highly purified SC(group B),and glu tin sponge (control group C)were randomly implanted into the cut. After 3 month living ,the host rats were scanned by MRI, and observed under EM. Result Spinal signals at the injury region nearly recovered to normal in group A.No recovery w as found in group B.Malacosis was found in group C.TEM findings: regeneration of large number of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons and SC proliferation in grou p A, myelinated axon regeneration and SC necrosis in group B, non myelinated and nonmyelinated axon in group C.Conclusion Implantation of microgene pSVPoMcat mo dified SC could promote the repair of injured spinal cord.展开更多
Primary germinoma in the spinal cord is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is important because germinomas are sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy so that treatment trends and prognosis differ from other in...Primary germinoma in the spinal cord is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is important because germinomas are sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy so that treatment trends and prognosis differ from other intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Preoperative radiologic diagnosis is very difficult because of this rarity. In this case a 22-year-old woman with a 4-month history of gradual numbness and weakness of both lower extremities was found to have a solid tumor in the thoracic cord between the T9 and T11 vertebral bodies. No other neoplastic lesion was found inside or outside the central nervous system. The patient underwent surgery,and the intramedullary lesion was almost totally resected. Serum HCG was elevated postoperatively without pregnancy. The pathological diagnosis was conclusively that of a germinoma. The previous 23 cases of primary spinal cord germinoma were reviewed for comparison.展开更多
Introduction: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a relatively rare disease. Abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic criterion. It may be normal on the first day. Then abnormal signal wi...Introduction: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a relatively rare disease. Abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic criterion. It may be normal on the first day. Then abnormal signal will appear a few days later. There were some reports with negative MRI findings at the beginning. However, those reports were neither found abnormalities on repeat MRI nor without repeat MRI. Case Presentation: We report a case of SCI presented as paralysis of lower limbs and chest pain with no abnormalities on MRI through the course of disease in a 74-year-old female. Anti-platelet aggregation drugs, stabilizing plaque treatments and rehabilitation exercise were performed. The patient recovered significantly. She could walk independently a month after the onset. Conclusions: Although MRI provides important evidence for diagnosis, clinical manifestations are the most important when diagnosing. For patients who were highly suspected of SCI clinically, treatment for vascular diseases should be applied as soon as possible even if no lesion is found on imaging examination.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous t...Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous tissue.These morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and osteoporosis.Currently,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron denervation.We,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following SCI.Long pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated muscles.Our primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated muscle.Stimulation parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and contraction.The use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle hypertrophy.Findings in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle function.Human studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle function.Therefore,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation intervention.In summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with SCI.Successful studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating this stimulation technique to the clinical level as a rehabilitation intervention after SCI.展开更多
This study was designed to investigate whether the Notch pathway is involved in the development of diffuse spinal cord astrocytomas. BALB/c nude mice received injections of CD133+ and CD133- cell suspensions prepared ...This study was designed to investigate whether the Notch pathway is involved in the development of diffuse spinal cord astrocytomas. BALB/c nude mice received injections of CD133+ and CD133- cell suspensions prepared using human recurrent diffuse spinal cord astrocytoma tissue through administration into the right parietal lobe. After 7–11 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging was performed weekly. Xenografts were observed on the surfaces of the brains of mice receiving the CD133+ cell suspension, and Notch-immunopositive expression was observed in the xenografts. By contrast, no xenografts appeared in the identical position on the surfaces of the brains of mice receiving the CD133- cell suspension, and Notch-immunopositive expression was hardly detected either. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining revealed xenografts on the convex surfaces of the brains of mice that underwent CD133+ astrocytoma transplantation. Some sporadic astroglioma cells showed pseudopodium-like structures, which extended into the cerebral white matter. However, it should be emphasized that the subcortex xenograft with Notch-immunopositive expression was found in the fourth mouse received injection of CD133- astrocytoma cells. However, these findings suggest that the Notch pathway plays an important role in the formation of astrocytomas, and can be considered a novel treatment target for diffuse spinal cord astrocytoma.展开更多
Objectives: Interest of this study is to report four cases of spinal cord injuries without bone lesion. Evolution of the injured patients according to the initial clinic assessment at admission and the treatment perfo...Objectives: Interest of this study is to report four cases of spinal cord injuries without bone lesion. Evolution of the injured patients according to the initial clinic assessment at admission and the treatment performed are discussed. Materials and Methods: From January to December 2016, we performed a retrospective study at the Neurosurgery Department of Hospital General Grand Yoff of Dakar. Four patients were followed for spinal cord injury without visible bone lesions. We analyzed the clinical, radiological, therapeutic and evolutionary data. Trauma caused by stabbing was excluded. Results: In a year, 83 cases of spinal trauma with neurological deficit were hospitalized in the department. Among them, 4 had spinal cord injuries without visible bone lesions. The average age was 31.7 years with extremes ranging from 14 to 47 years. The sex ratio of male/female was 3. We have recorded 2 cases of road traffic accidents, 1 case of fall from height and 1 case of sports accident. On the neurological level, we found 3 cases of tetraplegia, and 1 brachial monoplegia. Computed tomography in all patients was normal. All of them benefited from magnetic resonance imaging that showed spinal cord injury. All patients were under conservative treatment. One patient fully recovered, two partially and one passed away. Conclusion: In presence of any post traumatic myelopathy case, the absence of disco-vertebral lesions should bring to mind the SCIWORA as well as indicate the realization of magnetic resonance imaging.展开更多
文摘Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) remains a significant cause of human suffering. The World Health Organization estimates that there are between 250,000 to 500,000 new cases every year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been an important advancement in the diagnosis and management of TSCI. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature correlating the radiological abnormalities and histopathological findings in the first hour (i.e., hyperacute period) after injury. The aim of this preliminary study is to elucidate the relationship between the MRI abnormalities and histopathological abnormalities in the hyperacute time period. In this study, a non-human primate model (NHP) primate model is used to characterize the histopathological and radiological features. Specifically, an experimental TSCI is created with an epidural catheter. This is followed by MRI imaging. The subject is then humanely euthanized and a post-mortem examination is completed. These results suggest that the noted radiological abnormalities are consistent with a combination of hemorrhage, edema as well as eosinophilic cellular matter in the central canal.
文摘Objective To approach the effect of microgene pSVPoMcat modified Schwan n cell (SC) on the regeneration and repair of injured spinal cord.Method Spinal cord hemi－transection models were made with the cutting method in healthy SD ra ts. Microgene pSVPoMcat modified SC(group A),highly purified SC(group B),and glu tin sponge (control group C)were randomly implanted into the cut. After 3 month living ,the host rats were scanned by MRI, and observed under EM. Result Spinal signals at the injury region nearly recovered to normal in group A.No recovery w as found in group B.Malacosis was found in group C.TEM findings: regeneration of large number of myelinated and nonmyelinated axons and SC proliferation in grou p A, myelinated axon regeneration and SC necrosis in group B, non myelinated and nonmyelinated axon in group C.Conclusion Implantation of microgene pSVPoMcat mo dified SC could promote the repair of injured spinal cord.
文摘Primary germinoma in the spinal cord is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is important because germinomas are sensitive to radiation therapy and chemotherapy so that treatment trends and prognosis differ from other intramedullary spinal cord tumors. Preoperative radiologic diagnosis is very difficult because of this rarity. In this case a 22-year-old woman with a 4-month history of gradual numbness and weakness of both lower extremities was found to have a solid tumor in the thoracic cord between the T9 and T11 vertebral bodies. No other neoplastic lesion was found inside or outside the central nervous system. The patient underwent surgery,and the intramedullary lesion was almost totally resected. Serum HCG was elevated postoperatively without pregnancy. The pathological diagnosis was conclusively that of a germinoma. The previous 23 cases of primary spinal cord germinoma were reviewed for comparison.
文摘Introduction: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a relatively rare disease. Abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic criterion. It may be normal on the first day. Then abnormal signal will appear a few days later. There were some reports with negative MRI findings at the beginning. However, those reports were neither found abnormalities on repeat MRI nor without repeat MRI. Case Presentation: We report a case of SCI presented as paralysis of lower limbs and chest pain with no abnormalities on MRI through the course of disease in a 74-year-old female. Anti-platelet aggregation drugs, stabilizing plaque treatments and rehabilitation exercise were performed. The patient recovered significantly. She could walk independently a month after the onset. Conclusions: Although MRI provides important evidence for diagnosis, clinical manifestations are the most important when diagnosing. For patients who were highly suspected of SCI clinically, treatment for vascular diseases should be applied as soon as possible even if no lesion is found on imaging examination.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous tissue.These morphological changes may put individuals with SCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and osteoporosis.Currently,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in SCI individuals with lower motor neuron denervation.We,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following SCI.Long pulse width stimulation(LPWS)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated muscles.Our primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated muscle.Stimulation parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and contraction.The use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle hypertrophy.Findings in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle function.Human studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWS as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle function.Therefore,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation intervention.In summary,LPWS is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with SCI.Successful studies on LPWS of denervated muscles will help in translating this stimulation technique to the clinical level as a rehabilitation intervention after SCI.
基金supported by grants from Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China for the Excellent Youth Scholars,No.200800011035the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81200969/H0912
文摘This study was designed to investigate whether the Notch pathway is involved in the development of diffuse spinal cord astrocytomas. BALB/c nude mice received injections of CD133+ and CD133- cell suspensions prepared using human recurrent diffuse spinal cord astrocytoma tissue through administration into the right parietal lobe. After 7–11 weeks, magnetic resonance imaging was performed weekly. Xenografts were observed on the surfaces of the brains of mice receiving the CD133+ cell suspension, and Notch-immunopositive expression was observed in the xenografts. By contrast, no xenografts appeared in the identical position on the surfaces of the brains of mice receiving the CD133- cell suspension, and Notch-immunopositive expression was hardly detected either. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining revealed xenografts on the convex surfaces of the brains of mice that underwent CD133+ astrocytoma transplantation. Some sporadic astroglioma cells showed pseudopodium-like structures, which extended into the cerebral white matter. However, it should be emphasized that the subcortex xenograft with Notch-immunopositive expression was found in the fourth mouse received injection of CD133- astrocytoma cells. However, these findings suggest that the Notch pathway plays an important role in the formation of astrocytomas, and can be considered a novel treatment target for diffuse spinal cord astrocytoma.
文摘Objectives: Interest of this study is to report four cases of spinal cord injuries without bone lesion. Evolution of the injured patients according to the initial clinic assessment at admission and the treatment performed are discussed. Materials and Methods: From January to December 2016, we performed a retrospective study at the Neurosurgery Department of Hospital General Grand Yoff of Dakar. Four patients were followed for spinal cord injury without visible bone lesions. We analyzed the clinical, radiological, therapeutic and evolutionary data. Trauma caused by stabbing was excluded. Results: In a year, 83 cases of spinal trauma with neurological deficit were hospitalized in the department. Among them, 4 had spinal cord injuries without visible bone lesions. The average age was 31.7 years with extremes ranging from 14 to 47 years. The sex ratio of male/female was 3. We have recorded 2 cases of road traffic accidents, 1 case of fall from height and 1 case of sports accident. On the neurological level, we found 3 cases of tetraplegia, and 1 brachial monoplegia. Computed tomography in all patients was normal. All of them benefited from magnetic resonance imaging that showed spinal cord injury. All patients were under conservative treatment. One patient fully recovered, two partially and one passed away. Conclusion: In presence of any post traumatic myelopathy case, the absence of disco-vertebral lesions should bring to mind the SCIWORA as well as indicate the realization of magnetic resonance imaging.
