Modifiers have a broad array of influences on extraction with liquids in standard state, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), trapping by SFE and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). They can significantly chang...Modifiers have a broad array of influences on extraction with liquids in standard state, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), trapping by SFE and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). They can significantly change the qualitative and quantitative results. Quantitative and qualitative results can be influenced by different extractants and modifiers in different ways as it was shown by Brondz et al. at 2007 in “The real nature of the indole alkaloids in Cortinarius infractus: Evaluation of artifact formation through solvent extraction method development”, J. Chromatography A, 1148, 1-7. The choice of correct extractant, modifier, and trapper to the bulk mobile phase for supercritical fluids (SFs) or for liquids in subcritical or in the liquids in standard state is a challenge in any extraction procedure. This is the second paper in a sequence that describes the influence of extractants and modifiers on the performance of SFs and results of extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. Here, attention is given to possible mistakes in qualitative and quantitative results by poor understanding of the influence of extractants, modifiers, and trappers on extraction and trapping process by a careless choice of extractant, modifier, and trapper for extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. The SF chosen for discussion in the paper is CO2. However, similar effects can be observed with use of other SFs and fluids in subcritical and standard states. In this paper, the discussion of lipids, fatty and carboxylic acids have been chosen as target analytes for extraction, trapping and analysis. Some examples from extraction with liquids in the standard state and trapping in the supercritical state (collection) have been furnished with the wrong extractant, modifier, or trapper which is presented for illustration of inappropriate choice of extractants, modifiers, and trappers.展开更多
Common Core Assessment is a national initiate that is designed to provide P-12 students with results that could be used to help prepare them for work and college readiness. Emphasis is also placed on rigor will also b...Common Core Assessment is a national initiate that is designed to provide P-12 students with results that could be used to help prepare them for work and college readiness. Emphasis is also placed on rigor will also be identified while raising the curriculum standards in the United States to a competitive international level. The purpose of this research is to examine the results from the Common Core Assessment completed in the States of New York and Kentucky. The Common Core Assessment resulting from these states were selected because a review of the literature determined that these were the two States in the United States that have reported test results. Specifically, this paper will review assessment results and provide an opinion on the future implementation of Common Core Standards in the United States.展开更多
This planning is stipulated to reinforce Decision by State Council onReinforrcing Environmental Protection with Views of Scientific Development, to give impetus to theenforcement and supervision along legal, standardi...This planning is stipulated to reinforce Decision by State Council onReinforrcing Environmental Protection with Views of Scientific Development, to give impetus to theenforcement and supervision along legal, standardized and scientific lines, to strengthenwell-structured laws and regulations for environmental protection, to improve the system oftechnical laws, regulations and standards for environmental protection, scientifically establishenvironmental standards and to dovetail environmental protection standards and targets. PresentSituation and Problems Concerning State Environmental Protection Standardization System PresentSituation of State Environmental Protection Standardization System China''s environmental protectionstandardization started side by side with environmental protection. The year 1973 witnessed China''sfirst environmental protection stand ard-Trial Standard of Industrial ''Three Wastes'' Discharge.After the development of over three decades, China''s environmental protection standard system,composed of national and local scales, has begun to take shape. National environmental protectionstandards range from environmental quality standard, pollutant discharge and control standards,standard sample, industrial standard for environmental protection, to other standards.展开更多
The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan （2017-2030） （Plan for short） to improve national health and nutrition on July 13. The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by ...The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan （2017-2030） （Plan for short） to improve national health and nutrition on July 13. The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by 2030 in reducing student obesity, ane- mia, and stunted development afflicting children younger than 5, as well as raising residents＇ nutritional awareness.展开更多
The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, an...The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, anterior parietal-temporal oblique line, and the posterior parietal-temporal oblique line. We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial in which seven healthy elderly volunteers (three men and four women;50–70 years old) received International Standard Scalp Acupuncture at MS5 (the mid-sagittal line between Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)), the left MS6 (line joining Sishencong (EX-HN1) and Xuanli (GB6)), and the left MS7 (line joining DU20 and Qubin (GB7)). After acupuncture, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated changes in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in various areas, showing remarkable enhancement of regional homogeneity in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity based on a seed region at the right middle frontal gyrus (42, 51, 9) decreased at the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus. Our data preliminarily indicates that the international standard scalp acupuncture in healthy elderly participants specifcally enhances the correlation between the brain regions involved in cognition and implementation of the brain network regulation system and the surrounding adjacent brain regions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital at Jilin University, China, on July 18, 2016 (approval No. 2016ks043).展开更多
文摘Modifiers have a broad array of influences on extraction with liquids in standard state, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), trapping by SFE and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). They can significantly change the qualitative and quantitative results. Quantitative and qualitative results can be influenced by different extractants and modifiers in different ways as it was shown by Brondz et al. at 2007 in “The real nature of the indole alkaloids in Cortinarius infractus: Evaluation of artifact formation through solvent extraction method development”, J. Chromatography A, 1148, 1-7. The choice of correct extractant, modifier, and trapper to the bulk mobile phase for supercritical fluids (SFs) or for liquids in subcritical or in the liquids in standard state is a challenge in any extraction procedure. This is the second paper in a sequence that describes the influence of extractants and modifiers on the performance of SFs and results of extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. Here, attention is given to possible mistakes in qualitative and quantitative results by poor understanding of the influence of extractants, modifiers, and trappers on extraction and trapping process by a careless choice of extractant, modifier, and trapper for extraction with liquids in standard state and SFE. The SF chosen for discussion in the paper is CO2. However, similar effects can be observed with use of other SFs and fluids in subcritical and standard states. In this paper, the discussion of lipids, fatty and carboxylic acids have been chosen as target analytes for extraction, trapping and analysis. Some examples from extraction with liquids in the standard state and trapping in the supercritical state (collection) have been furnished with the wrong extractant, modifier, or trapper which is presented for illustration of inappropriate choice of extractants, modifiers, and trappers.
文摘Common Core Assessment is a national initiate that is designed to provide P-12 students with results that could be used to help prepare them for work and college readiness. Emphasis is also placed on rigor will also be identified while raising the curriculum standards in the United States to a competitive international level. The purpose of this research is to examine the results from the Common Core Assessment completed in the States of New York and Kentucky. The Common Core Assessment resulting from these states were selected because a review of the literature determined that these were the two States in the United States that have reported test results. Specifically, this paper will review assessment results and provide an opinion on the future implementation of Common Core Standards in the United States.
文摘This planning is stipulated to reinforce Decision by State Council onReinforrcing Environmental Protection with Views of Scientific Development, to give impetus to theenforcement and supervision along legal, standardized and scientific lines, to strengthenwell-structured laws and regulations for environmental protection, to improve the system oftechnical laws, regulations and standards for environmental protection, scientifically establishenvironmental standards and to dovetail environmental protection standards and targets. PresentSituation and Problems Concerning State Environmental Protection Standardization System PresentSituation of State Environmental Protection Standardization System China''s environmental protectionstandardization started side by side with environmental protection. The year 1973 witnessed China''sfirst environmental protection stand ard-Trial Standard of Industrial ''Three Wastes'' Discharge.After the development of over three decades, China''s environmental protection standard system,composed of national and local scales, has begun to take shape. National environmental protectionstandards range from environmental quality standard, pollutant discharge and control standards,standard sample, industrial standard for environmental protection, to other standards.
文摘The General Office of the State Council released National Nutrition Plan （2017-2030） （Plan for short） to improve national health and nutrition on July 13. The plan sets a goal to make substantial improvements by 2030 in reducing student obesity, ane- mia, and stunted development afflicting children younger than 5, as well as raising residents＇ nutritional awareness.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403455(to JQC)
文摘The specific mechanisms by which acupuncture affects the central nervous system are unclear. In the International Standard Scalp Acupuncture system, acupuncture needles are applied at the middle line of the vertex, anterior parietal-temporal oblique line, and the posterior parietal-temporal oblique line. We conducted a single-arm prospective clinical trial in which seven healthy elderly volunteers (three men and four women;50–70 years old) received International Standard Scalp Acupuncture at MS5 (the mid-sagittal line between Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)), the left MS6 (line joining Sishencong (EX-HN1) and Xuanli (GB6)), and the left MS7 (line joining DU20 and Qubin (GB7)). After acupuncture, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated changes in the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations and regional homogeneity in various areas, showing remarkable enhancement of regional homogeneity in the bilateral anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity based on a seed region at the right middle frontal gyrus (42, 51, 9) decreased at the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus. Our data preliminarily indicates that the international standard scalp acupuncture in healthy elderly participants specifcally enhances the correlation between the brain regions involved in cognition and implementation of the brain network regulation system and the surrounding adjacent brain regions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Union Hospital at Jilin University, China, on July 18, 2016 (approval No. 2016ks043).
