BACKGROUND The precise mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts the central nervous system remains unclear,with manifestations spanning from mild symptoms(e.g.,olfactory an...BACKGROUND The precise mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts the central nervous system remains unclear,with manifestations spanning from mild symptoms(e.g.,olfactory and gustatory deficits,hallucinations,and headache)to severe complications(e.g.,stroke,seizures,encephalitis,and neurally demyelinating lesions).The occurrence of single-pass subdural effusion,as described below,is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old male patient presented with left-sided limb weakness and slurred speech as predominant clinical symptoms.Through comprehensive imaging and diagnostic assessments,he was diagnosed with cerebral infarction complicated by hemorrhagic transformation affecting the right frontal,temporal,and parietal regions.In addition,an intracranial infection with SARS-CoV-2 was identified during the rehabilitation process;consequently,an idiopathic subdural effusion developed.Remarkably,the subdural effusion underwent absorption within 6 d,with no recurrence observed during the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Subdural effusion is a potentially rare intracranial complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.展开更多
Background: Life-threatening subdural hematoma is commonly related to trauma and rarely revealed by neoplasm. Observation: We report a case of a 53-year-old suffering from mild headache and without a history of trauma...Background: Life-threatening subdural hematoma is commonly related to trauma and rarely revealed by neoplasm. Observation: We report a case of a 53-year-old suffering from mild headache and without a history of trauma, was admitted unconscious due to a subdural hematoma on radiological investigations. Beside the left subdural hematoma, there was also alytic lesion of the sphenoid wing and the temporal bone on the same side. An emergent removal of the subdural hematoma and an excision of the bone lesion were performed. Pathological examination diagnosed a cavernous hemangioma of the skull. The postoperative period was uneventful with a dramatic recovery of the patient. Conclusion: A quick worsening of a chronic headache, acute impairment of an uncommon headache deserve prompt investigation and emergent surgical management in case of intracranial hematoma. Any bone and dural abnormalities at the vicinity of a subdural hematoma require total excision with clean border and pathological examination.展开更多
Intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are believed to be congenital and chronic subdural hematomas tend to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury. The association between these two entities sporadica...Intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are believed to be congenital and chronic subdural hematomas tend to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury. The association between these two entities sporadically occur in relatively young patients but rare in elderly patients. We report a 65-year-old man who presented with headache and dizziness of 2 months’ duration with a history of head injury. Brain computed tomography (CT) a CSDH in right side and a hygroma in left side. After first operation with burr holes in both sides, the patient underwent an early recurrence of acute subdural hematoma in the right side. The evacuation of this hematoma by a craniotomy allowed seeing an AC that we resected partially with complete recovery of the patient. The association CSDH/AC is rare and possible in elderly patients and there is no consensus on treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural effusion is very common in the cranial imaging of middle-aged and older people.Herein,we report a patient misdiagnosed with subdural effusion,who was eventually diagnosed with chronic subdu...BACKGROUND Chronic subdural effusion is very common in the cranial imaging of middle-aged and older people.Herein,we report a patient misdiagnosed with subdural effusion,who was eventually diagnosed with chronic subdural empyema(SDE)caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old man was brought to our emergency room with a headache,vomiting,and disturbed consciousness.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a bilateral subdural effusion at the top left side of the frontal lobe.Cerebrospinal fluid examination after lumbar puncture indicated suppurative meningitis,which improved after anti-infective therapy.However,the patient then presented with acute cognitive dysfunction and right limb paralysis.Repeat CT showed an increase in left frontoparietal subdural effusion,disappearance of the left lateral ventricle,and a shift of the midline to the right.Urgent burr hole drainage showed SDE that was culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae.His condition improved after adequate drainage and antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSION Patients with unexplained subdural effusion,especially asymmetric subdural effusion with intracranial infection,should be assessed for chronic SDE.Early surgical treatment may be beneficial.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neuroendoscopy is a very useful technique to Chronic Subdural Hematoma(CSH).But how to achieve the goal of treatment more minimally invasive?AIM To develop a simple,fast and accurate preoperative planning m...BACKGROUND Neuroendoscopy is a very useful technique to Chronic Subdural Hematoma(CSH).But how to achieve the goal of treatment more minimally invasive?AIM To develop a simple,fast and accurate preoperative planning method in our way for endoscopic surgery of patients with CSH.METHODS From June 2018 to May 2020,forty-two patients with CSH,admitted to our hospital,were performed endoscopic minimally invasive surgery;computed tomography(CT)imaging was employed to locate the intracerebral hematoma and select the appropriate endoscopic approach before the endoscopic surgery.The clinical data and treatment efficacy were analyzed.RESULTS According to the learning of CT scanning images,the surgeon can accurately design the best minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgical approach and realize the precise positioning and design of the drilling site of the skull and the size of the bone window,so as to provide the most effective operation space with the smallest bone window.In this group,the average operation time was only about 1 h,and the clearance rate of hematoma was about 95%.CONCLUSION Patients with CSH can achieve good therapeutic effect by using our way to positioning and design to assist the operation of CSH according to CT scan and image,and our way is very useful and necessary.展开更多
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid-pleural fistula(SPF)is a complex and rare condition characterized by a pathological shunt between the subarachnoid and pleural spaces.It can lead to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)...BACKGROUND Subarachnoid-pleural fistula(SPF)is a complex and rare condition characterized by a pathological shunt between the subarachnoid and pleural spaces.It can lead to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in the pleural space,pneumocephalus,and the development of central nervous system infection.Trauma or thoracic spinal surgery are common causes of SPF,with symptoms including postural headache,consciousness status changes,and dyspnea.The combination of SPF and subdural hygroma is a severe and rare condition,with little existing literature on its clinical correlation.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of an 83-year-old male patient with traumatic SPF and bilateral frontal subdural hygroma following a fall from height.The patient initially presented with severe lower back and buttock pain.During admission,the patient developed worsening lower limb weakness and pleural effusion.Further investigation revealed the presence of subdural hygromas with mass effect,requiring emergency bilateral subdural drainage.A multidisciplinary approach was undertaken to manage this complex condition,including intervention for hypovolemic CSF status and subdural hygroma management.The pleural effusion eventually resolved and the patient attained a higher level of con-sciousness after bilateral hygroma drainage surgery.We also reviewed the present literature relating to this rare combination of medical conditions.CONCLUSION Traumatic SPF with subsequent subdural hygroma is a rare but serious combination.Although the optimal treatment strategy for this complex condition remains uncertain,our literature review suggested that a multidisciplinary approach,including intervention for hypovolemic CSF and management of the subdural hygroma,is the most beneficial.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be rela...BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be related to major or minor iatrogenic or traumatic injuries caused by surgery,spinal puncture or epidural anaesthesia.Other contributing pathologies have been described,such as intradural tumours or spinal arteriovenous malformations.ASSH has also been associated with anticoagulation therapy,haemostatic abnormalities and risk factors such as pregnancy.To the best of our knowledge,this case study described the first reported occurrence of an ASSH during spinal surgery in a paediatric patient.The patient was not known to have any coagulopathies,and no obvious vascular lesions were documented.The surgical procedure did not directly involve the dura mater,and no evident intraoperative dural tears were found.CASE SUMMARY We reported and discussed a case of ASSH complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion during surgery for paediatric congenital scoliosis.This condition has not been previously described.We made recommendations for facing such an occurrence,explored its aetiology in the context of malformation and discussed the benefits of neuromonitoring during scoliosis correction and the management protocol.We conducted a PubMed literature review for cases of paediatric ASSH and other closely related disorders.We reviewed recommendations regarding neuromonitoring and treatment management in such cases.CONCLUSION ASSH is a rare complication of posterior spinal instrumented fusion.Published cases are more often associated with anticoagulation therapy or coagulopathy.Neuromonitoring is strongly recommended to detect and assess neurological status,thus enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment and facilitating early spinal decompression and a return to a normal neurological status.展开更多
Background: chronic subdural hematoma is a common pathology, especially in the elderly. Although it has a good prognosis, it poses the problem of recurrence after surgical evacuation. Objective: To analyze the risk fa...Background: chronic subdural hematoma is a common pathology, especially in the elderly. Although it has a good prognosis, it poses the problem of recurrence after surgical evacuation. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of reoperation in patients surgically treated for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) and evaluate the outcome of patients who benefited from a reoperation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in a single University Hospital Center in Rabat (Morocco) on 49 patients operated on from January 2020 to June 2021 for cSDH. Possible risk factors described in the literature were analyzed and the outcome of post-operative course was evaluated. Statistical significance was defined by p-value Results: 49 patients underwent surgical evacuation of cSDH. The sex ratio of male/female was 3.08. The mean age was 70.6 years. Concerning the medical history, 8.2% were diabetics, 10.2% had heart disease, 18.4% had hypertension, 16.3% associated of comorbidities, 2% had pulmonary embolism, and 2% had neoplasm. 18.4% were on anticoagulation therapy, no patients were on new oral anticoagulants. The clinical findings upon admission were motor deficit at 57.1%, signs of intracranial hypertension at 20.4%, altered consciousness at 16.9% and impaired behavior at 6.1%. 28.6% of patients had a past history of head trauma. The pre-operative CT scan showed unilateral cSDH at 81.6%, midline shifts at 77.6%, and false membranes at 34.7%. Blood appeared chronic at 40.8%, subacute at 24.5%, and mixed densities at 34.7%. The post-operative course was uneventful in 73.5%. According to Ibanez grading 8 patients had mild complications (grade I) and 5 moderate complications (grade II) after the first surgery. We recorded 10.2% of patients who needed a second surgery because of the deterioration of neurologic status or motor deficit associated with an abnormal CT scan. According to the GOS, 85.7% of patients had a good recovery while 10.2% died. None of the factors assessed was found to be a risk factor for reoperation. Conclusion: No risk factors of reoperation after an initial burr hole evacuation for cSDH were found. However medical history and male sex was common condition among reoperated patients with their CT scan showing a chronic aspect of blood, midline shift and false membranes. Most patients who underwent revision surgery died on the postoperative course.展开更多
BACKGROUND Determining a subdural hematoma(SDH)to be chronic by definition takes 3 wk,whereas organized chronic SDH(OCSDH)is an unusual condition that is believed to form over a much longer period of time,which genera...BACKGROUND Determining a subdural hematoma(SDH)to be chronic by definition takes 3 wk,whereas organized chronic SDH(OCSDH)is an unusual condition that is believed to form over a much longer period of time,which generally demands large craniotomy.Therefore,it is a lengthy process from the initial head trauma,if any,to the formation of an OCSDH.Acute SDH(ASDH)with organization-like,membranaceous appearances has never been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a seizure,and computed tomography(CT)on admission was negative for signs of intracranial hemorrhage.She had clear consciousness and unimpaired motor functions on arrival and remained stable for the following week,during which she underwent necessary examinations.On the morning of day 10 of hospitalization,she accidentally hit her head hard against the wall in the bathroom and promptly lapsed into complete coma within 2 h.Therefore,we performed emergency CT and identified a left supratentorial SDH that was an absolute indication for surgery.However,the intraoperative findings were surprising,with no liquefaction observed.Instead,a solid hematoma covered with a thick membrane was noted that strongly resembled an organized hematoma.Evacuation was successful,but the family stopped treatment the next day due to financial problems,and the patient soon died.CONCLUSION Neurosurgeons should address SDHs,especially ASDHs,with discretion and individualization due to their highly diversified features.展开更多
Ossified subdural chronic hematoma (OSCH) is a rare disease that accounts 0.3% to 2% of subdural chronic hematoma which is common. The surgical management depends on his clinical expression. The aim of this study is t...Ossified subdural chronic hematoma (OSCH) is a rare disease that accounts 0.3% to 2% of subdural chronic hematoma which is common. The surgical management depends on his clinical expression. The aim of this study is to highlight the surgical procedure because the management of this type of lesion has no consensus. The authors reported two cases of OSCH which were successfully excised with good outcomes. Taking care during the procedure of dissection from parenchyma is the key for this surgery.展开更多
Vertebroplasy is considered an alternative and effective treatment of painful oncologic spine disease. Major complications are very rare, but with high morbidity and occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo verte...Vertebroplasy is considered an alternative and effective treatment of painful oncologic spine disease. Major complications are very rare, but with high morbidity and occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo vertebroplasty. Spinal subdural hematoma(SDH) is an extremely rare complication, usual developing within 12 h to 24 h after the procedure. We report the case of a tardive SDH in an oncologic patient who underwent VP for Myxoid Liposarcoma metastasis. Trying to explain the pathogenesis, we support the hypothesis that both venous congestion of the vertebral venous plexus of the vertebral body and venous congestion due to a traumatic injury can provoke SDH. To our best knowledge, only 4 cases of spinal subdural hematoma following a transpedicular vertebroplasty have been previously described in International literature and only one of them occurred two weeks after that surgical procedures. Percutaneous verteboplasty is a wellknown treatment of pain oncologic spine disease, used to provide pain relief and improvement of quality life and is considered a simple surgical procedure, involving a low risk of complications, but related to high morbidity, such as SDH. Therefore it has to be performed by experienced and skilled surgeons, that should also recognize possible risk factors, making SDH more risky.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)is a common disease in neurosurgery.The traditional treatment methods include burr hole drainage,bone flap craniectomy and other surgical methods,and there are certain complic...BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)is a common disease in neurosurgery.The traditional treatment methods include burr hole drainage,bone flap craniectomy and other surgical methods,and there are certain complications such as recurrence,pneumocephalus,infection and so on.With the promotion of neuroendoscopic technology,its treatment effect and advantages need to be further evaluated.AIM To study the clinical effect of endoscopic small-bone approach in CSDH.METHODS A total of 122 patients with CSDH admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were randomly divided into two groups using the digital table method:the neuroendoscopy group(n=61 cases)and the burr hole drainage group(n=61 cases).The clinical treatment effect of the two groups of patients with CSDH was compared.RESULTS At the early postoperative stage(1 d and 3 d),the proportion of 1/2 re-expansion of brain tissue in the hematoma cavity and the proportion of complete reexpansion was higher in the neuroendoscopy group than in the burr hole drainage group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of hematoma in the neuroendoscopy group was lower than that in the burr hole drainage group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).No intracranial hematoma,low cranial pressure,tension pneumocephalus or other complications occurred in the neuroendoscopy group.CONCLUSION The neuroendoscopic approach for the treatment of CSDH can clear the hematoma under direct vision and separate the mucosal lace-up.The surgical effect is apparent with few complications and definite curative effect,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.展开更多
Background: Surgery of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common practice of neurosurgeons. CSDH is considered a pathology of the elderly and usually many co-morbidities are present. CSDH carries high risk of morta...Background: Surgery of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common practice of neurosurgeons. CSDH is considered a pathology of the elderly and usually many co-morbidities are present. CSDH carries high risk of mortality if not treated or not treated well. So, the minimal, safe and adequate surgical intervention is the bases to choose specific surgical maneuver. Aim of the Study: The efficacy of a single burr in evacuation and treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Methods: This study was held in Assiut university hospitals, neurosurgical department. It is a prospective randomized controlled study. 113 patients were enrolled in this study in the period between March 2018 and June 2019. We included all cases of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and subacute subdural hematoma that were evacuated with single burr hole. Hematomas either, unilateral or bilateral were included. Septated hematomas were excluded. Patients’ clinical characteristics as age, sex, clinical presentation, co-morbidities and patients outcome were recorded. Postoperative status as regards improvement of the neurological status, complications and recurrence of hematoma were recorded. Results: We had 113 patients operated via properly situated single burr hole in our study. 113 patients were included in this study, 79 males (69.9%) and 34 females (30.1%). Age of the patients ranges between 27 years old and 90 years old. Postoperative follow up was evaluated according to Glasgow outcome score (GOS). We had 98 patients with good recovery, 4 patients with moderate disability, 6 patients with severe disability and 5 patients died. Complications were in form of 3 patients with residual hematoma, 2 patients with tension pneumocephalus, 7 patients developed postoperative seizure, 5 cases developed cortical/parenchymal hematoma and 9 cases developed hematoma recurrence. Conclusion: Single, properly situated burr hole with previously described characters is an effective treatment option in cases of CSDH. It helps adequate, effective and safe removal of the pathology with limited maneuver.展开更多
Objective:To study the intervention effect of Peiyuan Huayu Decoction on the neuron damage in model rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).Methods: 160 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, and the ASDH mo...Objective:To study the intervention effect of Peiyuan Huayu Decoction on the neuron damage in model rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).Methods: 160 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, and the ASDH model rats were made by stereotactic autoblood injection, and sham operation group received craniotomy without blood injection. Sham operation group and model group were normally bred after model establishment, and 6 h after model establishment, the treatment group received intragastric administration of Peiyuan Huayu Decoction, and control group received intragastric administration of Piracetam Tablets, 1 time a day. On the 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d after model establishment, the general conditions of rats (activity, food intake and mental state) were observed, blood was collected via auricula dextra, ELISA method was used to determine peripheral plasma NSE and S100β protein contents, routine HE staining was conducted after perfusion fixation, the neurons in blood injection side of brain tissue were counted, and the neuron damage was observed.Results: 26 rats were dead in the experiment. The general conditions of sham operation group were significantly better than those of other groups, treatment group was significantly better than model group and control group on the 5d group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference on the 1d, 3d and 7d (P>0.05);neuron count of sham operation group was basically stable, treatment group was not different from model group and control group on the 1d (P>0.05), treatment group was better than model group (P<0.05), and not different from control group (P>0.05) on the 3d, and treatment group was better than model group and control group on the 5d and 7d (P<0.05);peripheral plasma S100β protein and NSE contents of sham operation group were at lower levels, treatment group was not significantly different from model group and control group on the 1d (P>0.05), S100β protein and NSE contents decreased significantly on the 3d, and treatment group was significantly different from model group and control group (P<0.05), S100β protein and NSE contents increased on the 5d and 7d, the increase in treatment group was slower than that in model group and control group, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:Peiyuan Huayu Decoction has obvious protective effect on the neurons in ASDH model rats, and this effect may be based on the inhibition of secondary neuron damage.展开更多
BACKGROUND Symptomatic neonatal subdural hematomas usually result from head trauma incurred during vaginal delivery,most commonly during instrument assistance.Symptomatic subdural hematomas are rare in C-section deliv...BACKGROUND Symptomatic neonatal subdural hematomas usually result from head trauma incurred during vaginal delivery,most commonly during instrument assistance.Symptomatic subdural hematomas are rare in C-section deliveries that were not preceded by assisted delivery techniques.Although the literature is inconclusive,another possible cause of subdural hematomas is therapeutic hypothermia.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a term neonate who underwent therapeutic whole-body cooling for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy following an emergent C-section delivery for prolonged decelerations.Head ultrasound on day of life 3 demonstrated a rounded mass in the posterior fossa.A follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and clarified the subdural hematomas in the posterior fossa causing mass effect and obstructive hydrocephalus.CONCLUSION The aim of this report is to highlight the rarity and importance of mass-like subdural hematomas causing obstructive hydrocephalus,particularly in the setting of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic whole-body cooling.展开更多
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common complication in head injuries. The objective of this study is to establish the evolution of traumatic subdural effusion (TSDE) into CSDH using clinical signs an...Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common complication in head injuries. The objective of this study is to establish the evolution of traumatic subdural effusion (TSDE) into CSDH using clinical signs and symptoms as well as radiology. Our aim is to effectively manage such cases without postoperative recurrence (PR). Methodology: The study was a retrospective cohort carried out in the No. 1 People’s Hospital of Jingzhou from August 2007 to November 2013. The hospital is affiliated to the Yangtze University. All the patients included in this study were involved in road traffic accidents and sustained various degree of head injury. Serial CT scans were done to establish the development TSDE and the evolution of the TSDE into CSDH and treatment options. Results: In all 159 patients developed TSDE and out of these 34 which constitute 21.38% had their TSDE evolving into CSDH. Most of the patients were elderly. Twelve patients were treated conservatively while the remaining patients were treated surgically by drilling and drainage of hematoma. All the patients survived with marked improvement in their sign and symptoms with no recurrence. Conclusion: TSDE is one of the etiological factors for the development of CSDH in the elderly although in most cases the etiology of CSDH is usual multifactory. It must be stated clearly that, the evolution of TSDE into CSDH is initially a hidden process and presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms which can easily be missed. CT scan is usually the initial radiology of choice in making diagnosis of TSDE but MRI could be used to make early diagnosis of the transgression of TSDE into CSDH, and hence early surgical intervention before the formation of a neomembrane could reduce PR rate.展开更多
Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage, and the prognosis is good if treated properly. The standard treatment for CSDH is surgical evacuation. Various surgical proc...Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage, and the prognosis is good if treated properly. The standard treatment for CSDH is surgical evacuation. Various surgical procedures are used such as burr holes evacuation, twist-drill craniostomy, and craniotomy. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of twist dill as a first-choice treatment in evacuation of CSDH in comorbid patients. Methods: This study is a prospective analysis of CSDH evacuation using two twist drill craniostomy holes and irrigation conducted on 21 patients with different comorbidities in Assuit University Hospital between May 2017 and May 2018. Results: The overall postoperative clinical improvement was 95.2%. The operative time was less than 10 minutes in 71.4% of the patients. 4 patients showed residual collection in the post-operative CT (19%). Pneumocephaly was detected in 2 patients (9.5%). Postoperative seizures occurred in 2 patients (9.5%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected in one patient (4.7%). Conclusion: This approach is a new modification of twist drill craniostomy which can decrease the postoperative residual and recurrence rates and also still a minimally invasive and lifesaving technique in patients with different comorbidities.展开更多
Infratentorial subdural empyemas are rare. It is an important neurological infection requiring immediate neurosurgical treatment. The nonsurgical treatment of subdural empyema has been reported sporadically. In this p...Infratentorial subdural empyemas are rare. It is an important neurological infection requiring immediate neurosurgical treatment. The nonsurgical treatment of subdural empyema has been reported sporadically. In this paper the authors report the nonsurgical treatment of a case of infratentorial subdural empyema. The patient with left recurrent otitis was hospitalized with symptoms of headache and fever of 3 weeks duration. Examination revealed that the patient had Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, fever, mild cerebellar signs, no focal deficit, and abundant suppuration from the left ear. A contrast-enhanced CT scan showed an infratentorial supracerebellar hypodense fluid collection with the peripheral rim enhancement to the left of the midline that mimicked a subdural empyema. Routine hematological investigation revealed polymorphic leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. After the left mastoidectomy and antibiotic treatment, the patient recovered with complete resolution of the subdural empyema on CT scan.展开更多
Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is considered the most common traumatic brain mass lesion. Its prognosis is still grave despite the improvements in treatment modalities. Its mortality rate was reported to b...Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is considered the most common traumatic brain mass lesion. Its prognosis is still grave despite the improvements in treatment modalities. Its mortality rate was reported to be around 60% until the 1990s. In the last decade, ASDH mortality rate was reduced to the level of 20% - 40%. Standard treatment to decrease intracranial tension via hematoma evacuation is associated with decompressive craniotomy and followed by ICU management. Objective: To evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors in patients of acute subdural hematoma treated by surgical evacuation and decompressive craniotomy. Also, outcome of cranioplasty by repositioning of patients own bone or by synthetic mesh methods is evaluated. Patients and Methods: It is one year retrospective study. It was conducted on 53 patients, in trauma unit, Assiut university hospitals. We report time lag between trauma and performed surgery, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS), age, sex and presence of other intracranial pathologies. Outcome assessment is based on Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and fol-low-up extended for 6 months. We include those patients with only (isolated) head trauma, shift of midline more than 5 mm in CT brain. We excluded pa-tients with GCS 3 and fixed dilated pupils as well as patients with GCS higher than 12. We did decompressive craniotomy and duraplasty in all patients. Bone flap of decompressive craniotomy is situated in the abdomen. All func-tionally recovered patients were submitted for cranioplasty with either re-placing patient own bone or by Titanium mesh. Results: We had 39 males and 14 females. Age ranged between 7 and 65 years old. 23 deaths, 10 persis-tent vegetative state, 10 severe disability, 8 moderate disability and 2 good recovery. The outcome analysis was based on 6 month follow-up. Conclu-sion: Acute subdural hematoma is a very serious condition. Mortality and morbidity is intimately related to GCS on admission. Presence of associated cerebral pathology increases mortality and morbidity of patients with post-traumatic acute subdural hematoma. Early evacuation of posttraumatic acute subdural hematoma with decompressive craniotomy is an important method to control raised intracranial tension, reduce shift of midline and very benefi-cial in decreasing mortality and morbidity. Regarding infection and avoiding bone flap resorption, Titanium mesh is better than patient own bone during cranioplasty after patient recovery.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The precise mechanism by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)impacts the central nervous system remains unclear,with manifestations spanning from mild symptoms(e.g.,olfactory and gustatory deficits,hallucinations,and headache)to severe complications(e.g.,stroke,seizures,encephalitis,and neurally demyelinating lesions).The occurrence of single-pass subdural effusion,as described below,is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old male patient presented with left-sided limb weakness and slurred speech as predominant clinical symptoms.Through comprehensive imaging and diagnostic assessments,he was diagnosed with cerebral infarction complicated by hemorrhagic transformation affecting the right frontal,temporal,and parietal regions.In addition,an intracranial infection with SARS-CoV-2 was identified during the rehabilitation process;consequently,an idiopathic subdural effusion developed.Remarkably,the subdural effusion underwent absorption within 6 d,with no recurrence observed during the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Subdural effusion is a potentially rare intracranial complication associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
文摘Background: Life-threatening subdural hematoma is commonly related to trauma and rarely revealed by neoplasm. Observation: We report a case of a 53-year-old suffering from mild headache and without a history of trauma, was admitted unconscious due to a subdural hematoma on radiological investigations. Beside the left subdural hematoma, there was also alytic lesion of the sphenoid wing and the temporal bone on the same side. An emergent removal of the subdural hematoma and an excision of the bone lesion were performed. Pathological examination diagnosed a cavernous hemangioma of the skull. The postoperative period was uneventful with a dramatic recovery of the patient. Conclusion: A quick worsening of a chronic headache, acute impairment of an uncommon headache deserve prompt investigation and emergent surgical management in case of intracranial hematoma. Any bone and dural abnormalities at the vicinity of a subdural hematoma require total excision with clean border and pathological examination.
文摘Intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are believed to be congenital and chronic subdural hematomas tend to occur in elderly patients with a history of mild head injury. The association between these two entities sporadically occur in relatively young patients but rare in elderly patients. We report a 65-year-old man who presented with headache and dizziness of 2 months’ duration with a history of head injury. Brain computed tomography (CT) a CSDH in right side and a hygroma in left side. After first operation with burr holes in both sides, the patient underwent an early recurrence of acute subdural hematoma in the right side. The evacuation of this hematoma by a craniotomy allowed seeing an AC that we resected partially with complete recovery of the patient. The association CSDH/AC is rare and possible in elderly patients and there is no consensus on treatment.
基金Supported by Sichuan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission,China,No.17PJ088.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic subdural effusion is very common in the cranial imaging of middle-aged and older people.Herein,we report a patient misdiagnosed with subdural effusion,who was eventually diagnosed with chronic subdural empyema(SDE)caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old man was brought to our emergency room with a headache,vomiting,and disturbed consciousness.Computed tomography(CT)revealed a bilateral subdural effusion at the top left side of the frontal lobe.Cerebrospinal fluid examination after lumbar puncture indicated suppurative meningitis,which improved after anti-infective therapy.However,the patient then presented with acute cognitive dysfunction and right limb paralysis.Repeat CT showed an increase in left frontoparietal subdural effusion,disappearance of the left lateral ventricle,and a shift of the midline to the right.Urgent burr hole drainage showed SDE that was culture-positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae.His condition improved after adequate drainage and antibiotic treatment.CONCLUSION Patients with unexplained subdural effusion,especially asymmetric subdural effusion with intracranial infection,should be assessed for chronic SDE.Early surgical treatment may be beneficial.
文摘BACKGROUND Neuroendoscopy is a very useful technique to Chronic Subdural Hematoma(CSH).But how to achieve the goal of treatment more minimally invasive?AIM To develop a simple,fast and accurate preoperative planning method in our way for endoscopic surgery of patients with CSH.METHODS From June 2018 to May 2020,forty-two patients with CSH,admitted to our hospital,were performed endoscopic minimally invasive surgery;computed tomography(CT)imaging was employed to locate the intracerebral hematoma and select the appropriate endoscopic approach before the endoscopic surgery.The clinical data and treatment efficacy were analyzed.RESULTS According to the learning of CT scanning images,the surgeon can accurately design the best minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgical approach and realize the precise positioning and design of the drilling site of the skull and the size of the bone window,so as to provide the most effective operation space with the smallest bone window.In this group,the average operation time was only about 1 h,and the clearance rate of hematoma was about 95%.CONCLUSION Patients with CSH can achieve good therapeutic effect by using our way to positioning and design to assist the operation of CSH according to CT scan and image,and our way is very useful and necessary.
文摘BACKGROUND Subarachnoid-pleural fistula(SPF)is a complex and rare condition characterized by a pathological shunt between the subarachnoid and pleural spaces.It can lead to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in the pleural space,pneumocephalus,and the development of central nervous system infection.Trauma or thoracic spinal surgery are common causes of SPF,with symptoms including postural headache,consciousness status changes,and dyspnea.The combination of SPF and subdural hygroma is a severe and rare condition,with little existing literature on its clinical correlation.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of an 83-year-old male patient with traumatic SPF and bilateral frontal subdural hygroma following a fall from height.The patient initially presented with severe lower back and buttock pain.During admission,the patient developed worsening lower limb weakness and pleural effusion.Further investigation revealed the presence of subdural hygromas with mass effect,requiring emergency bilateral subdural drainage.A multidisciplinary approach was undertaken to manage this complex condition,including intervention for hypovolemic CSF status and subdural hygroma management.The pleural effusion eventually resolved and the patient attained a higher level of con-sciousness after bilateral hygroma drainage surgery.We also reviewed the present literature relating to this rare combination of medical conditions.CONCLUSION Traumatic SPF with subsequent subdural hygroma is a rare but serious combination.Although the optimal treatment strategy for this complex condition remains uncertain,our literature review suggested that a multidisciplinary approach,including intervention for hypovolemic CSF and management of the subdural hygroma,is the most beneficial.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be related to major or minor iatrogenic or traumatic injuries caused by surgery,spinal puncture or epidural anaesthesia.Other contributing pathologies have been described,such as intradural tumours or spinal arteriovenous malformations.ASSH has also been associated with anticoagulation therapy,haemostatic abnormalities and risk factors such as pregnancy.To the best of our knowledge,this case study described the first reported occurrence of an ASSH during spinal surgery in a paediatric patient.The patient was not known to have any coagulopathies,and no obvious vascular lesions were documented.The surgical procedure did not directly involve the dura mater,and no evident intraoperative dural tears were found.CASE SUMMARY We reported and discussed a case of ASSH complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion during surgery for paediatric congenital scoliosis.This condition has not been previously described.We made recommendations for facing such an occurrence,explored its aetiology in the context of malformation and discussed the benefits of neuromonitoring during scoliosis correction and the management protocol.We conducted a PubMed literature review for cases of paediatric ASSH and other closely related disorders.We reviewed recommendations regarding neuromonitoring and treatment management in such cases.CONCLUSION ASSH is a rare complication of posterior spinal instrumented fusion.Published cases are more often associated with anticoagulation therapy or coagulopathy.Neuromonitoring is strongly recommended to detect and assess neurological status,thus enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment and facilitating early spinal decompression and a return to a normal neurological status.
文摘Background: chronic subdural hematoma is a common pathology, especially in the elderly. Although it has a good prognosis, it poses the problem of recurrence after surgical evacuation. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of reoperation in patients surgically treated for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) and evaluate the outcome of patients who benefited from a reoperation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted in a single University Hospital Center in Rabat (Morocco) on 49 patients operated on from January 2020 to June 2021 for cSDH. Possible risk factors described in the literature were analyzed and the outcome of post-operative course was evaluated. Statistical significance was defined by p-value Results: 49 patients underwent surgical evacuation of cSDH. The sex ratio of male/female was 3.08. The mean age was 70.6 years. Concerning the medical history, 8.2% were diabetics, 10.2% had heart disease, 18.4% had hypertension, 16.3% associated of comorbidities, 2% had pulmonary embolism, and 2% had neoplasm. 18.4% were on anticoagulation therapy, no patients were on new oral anticoagulants. The clinical findings upon admission were motor deficit at 57.1%, signs of intracranial hypertension at 20.4%, altered consciousness at 16.9% and impaired behavior at 6.1%. 28.6% of patients had a past history of head trauma. The pre-operative CT scan showed unilateral cSDH at 81.6%, midline shifts at 77.6%, and false membranes at 34.7%. Blood appeared chronic at 40.8%, subacute at 24.5%, and mixed densities at 34.7%. The post-operative course was uneventful in 73.5%. According to Ibanez grading 8 patients had mild complications (grade I) and 5 moderate complications (grade II) after the first surgery. We recorded 10.2% of patients who needed a second surgery because of the deterioration of neurologic status or motor deficit associated with an abnormal CT scan. According to the GOS, 85.7% of patients had a good recovery while 10.2% died. None of the factors assessed was found to be a risk factor for reoperation. Conclusion: No risk factors of reoperation after an initial burr hole evacuation for cSDH were found. However medical history and male sex was common condition among reoperated patients with their CT scan showing a chronic aspect of blood, midline shift and false membranes. Most patients who underwent revision surgery died on the postoperative course.
文摘BACKGROUND Determining a subdural hematoma(SDH)to be chronic by definition takes 3 wk,whereas organized chronic SDH(OCSDH)is an unusual condition that is believed to form over a much longer period of time,which generally demands large craniotomy.Therefore,it is a lengthy process from the initial head trauma,if any,to the formation of an OCSDH.Acute SDH(ASDH)with organization-like,membranaceous appearances has never been reported.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a seizure,and computed tomography(CT)on admission was negative for signs of intracranial hemorrhage.She had clear consciousness and unimpaired motor functions on arrival and remained stable for the following week,during which she underwent necessary examinations.On the morning of day 10 of hospitalization,she accidentally hit her head hard against the wall in the bathroom and promptly lapsed into complete coma within 2 h.Therefore,we performed emergency CT and identified a left supratentorial SDH that was an absolute indication for surgery.However,the intraoperative findings were surprising,with no liquefaction observed.Instead,a solid hematoma covered with a thick membrane was noted that strongly resembled an organized hematoma.Evacuation was successful,but the family stopped treatment the next day due to financial problems,and the patient soon died.CONCLUSION Neurosurgeons should address SDHs,especially ASDHs,with discretion and individualization due to their highly diversified features.
文摘Ossified subdural chronic hematoma (OSCH) is a rare disease that accounts 0.3% to 2% of subdural chronic hematoma which is common. The surgical management depends on his clinical expression. The aim of this study is to highlight the surgical procedure because the management of this type of lesion has no consensus. The authors reported two cases of OSCH which were successfully excised with good outcomes. Taking care during the procedure of dissection from parenchyma is the key for this surgery.
文摘Vertebroplasy is considered an alternative and effective treatment of painful oncologic spine disease. Major complications are very rare, but with high morbidity and occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo vertebroplasty. Spinal subdural hematoma(SDH) is an extremely rare complication, usual developing within 12 h to 24 h after the procedure. We report the case of a tardive SDH in an oncologic patient who underwent VP for Myxoid Liposarcoma metastasis. Trying to explain the pathogenesis, we support the hypothesis that both venous congestion of the vertebral venous plexus of the vertebral body and venous congestion due to a traumatic injury can provoke SDH. To our best knowledge, only 4 cases of spinal subdural hematoma following a transpedicular vertebroplasty have been previously described in International literature and only one of them occurred two weeks after that surgical procedures. Percutaneous verteboplasty is a wellknown treatment of pain oncologic spine disease, used to provide pain relief and improvement of quality life and is considered a simple surgical procedure, involving a low risk of complications, but related to high morbidity, such as SDH. Therefore it has to be performed by experienced and skilled surgeons, that should also recognize possible risk factors, making SDH more risky.
基金the Science and Technology Program of Nantong Health Committee,No.MA2019003,No.MA2021017,No.MB2021026,and No.MB2021027Science and Technology Program of Nantong City,No.Key003 and No.JCZ2022040and Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University,No.KD2021JYYJYB025。
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH)is a common disease in neurosurgery.The traditional treatment methods include burr hole drainage,bone flap craniectomy and other surgical methods,and there are certain complications such as recurrence,pneumocephalus,infection and so on.With the promotion of neuroendoscopic technology,its treatment effect and advantages need to be further evaluated.AIM To study the clinical effect of endoscopic small-bone approach in CSDH.METHODS A total of 122 patients with CSDH admitted to our hospital from August 2018 to August 2021 were randomly divided into two groups using the digital table method:the neuroendoscopy group(n=61 cases)and the burr hole drainage group(n=61 cases).The clinical treatment effect of the two groups of patients with CSDH was compared.RESULTS At the early postoperative stage(1 d and 3 d),the proportion of 1/2 re-expansion of brain tissue in the hematoma cavity and the proportion of complete reexpansion was higher in the neuroendoscopy group than in the burr hole drainage group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).The recurrence rate of hematoma in the neuroendoscopy group was lower than that in the burr hole drainage group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).No intracranial hematoma,low cranial pressure,tension pneumocephalus or other complications occurred in the neuroendoscopy group.CONCLUSION The neuroendoscopic approach for the treatment of CSDH can clear the hematoma under direct vision and separate the mucosal lace-up.The surgical effect is apparent with few complications and definite curative effect,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
文摘Background: Surgery of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common practice of neurosurgeons. CSDH is considered a pathology of the elderly and usually many co-morbidities are present. CSDH carries high risk of mortality if not treated or not treated well. So, the minimal, safe and adequate surgical intervention is the bases to choose specific surgical maneuver. Aim of the Study: The efficacy of a single burr in evacuation and treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. Methods: This study was held in Assiut university hospitals, neurosurgical department. It is a prospective randomized controlled study. 113 patients were enrolled in this study in the period between March 2018 and June 2019. We included all cases of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) and subacute subdural hematoma that were evacuated with single burr hole. Hematomas either, unilateral or bilateral were included. Septated hematomas were excluded. Patients’ clinical characteristics as age, sex, clinical presentation, co-morbidities and patients outcome were recorded. Postoperative status as regards improvement of the neurological status, complications and recurrence of hematoma were recorded. Results: We had 113 patients operated via properly situated single burr hole in our study. 113 patients were included in this study, 79 males (69.9%) and 34 females (30.1%). Age of the patients ranges between 27 years old and 90 years old. Postoperative follow up was evaluated according to Glasgow outcome score (GOS). We had 98 patients with good recovery, 4 patients with moderate disability, 6 patients with severe disability and 5 patients died. Complications were in form of 3 patients with residual hematoma, 2 patients with tension pneumocephalus, 7 patients developed postoperative seizure, 5 cases developed cortical/parenchymal hematoma and 9 cases developed hematoma recurrence. Conclusion: Single, properly situated burr hole with previously described characters is an effective treatment option in cases of CSDH. It helps adequate, effective and safe removal of the pathology with limited maneuver.
文摘Objective:To study the intervention effect of Peiyuan Huayu Decoction on the neuron damage in model rats with acute subdural hematoma (ASDH).Methods: 160 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, and the ASDH model rats were made by stereotactic autoblood injection, and sham operation group received craniotomy without blood injection. Sham operation group and model group were normally bred after model establishment, and 6 h after model establishment, the treatment group received intragastric administration of Peiyuan Huayu Decoction, and control group received intragastric administration of Piracetam Tablets, 1 time a day. On the 1d, 3d, 5d and 7d after model establishment, the general conditions of rats (activity, food intake and mental state) were observed, blood was collected via auricula dextra, ELISA method was used to determine peripheral plasma NSE and S100β protein contents, routine HE staining was conducted after perfusion fixation, the neurons in blood injection side of brain tissue were counted, and the neuron damage was observed.Results: 26 rats were dead in the experiment. The general conditions of sham operation group were significantly better than those of other groups, treatment group was significantly better than model group and control group on the 5d group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference on the 1d, 3d and 7d (P>0.05);neuron count of sham operation group was basically stable, treatment group was not different from model group and control group on the 1d (P>0.05), treatment group was better than model group (P<0.05), and not different from control group (P>0.05) on the 3d, and treatment group was better than model group and control group on the 5d and 7d (P<0.05);peripheral plasma S100β protein and NSE contents of sham operation group were at lower levels, treatment group was not significantly different from model group and control group on the 1d (P>0.05), S100β protein and NSE contents decreased significantly on the 3d, and treatment group was significantly different from model group and control group (P<0.05), S100β protein and NSE contents increased on the 5d and 7d, the increase in treatment group was slower than that in model group and control group, and there was significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:Peiyuan Huayu Decoction has obvious protective effect on the neurons in ASDH model rats, and this effect may be based on the inhibition of secondary neuron damage.
文摘BACKGROUND Symptomatic neonatal subdural hematomas usually result from head trauma incurred during vaginal delivery,most commonly during instrument assistance.Symptomatic subdural hematomas are rare in C-section deliveries that were not preceded by assisted delivery techniques.Although the literature is inconclusive,another possible cause of subdural hematomas is therapeutic hypothermia.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a term neonate who underwent therapeutic whole-body cooling for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy following an emergent C-section delivery for prolonged decelerations.Head ultrasound on day of life 3 demonstrated a rounded mass in the posterior fossa.A follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging confirmed hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and clarified the subdural hematomas in the posterior fossa causing mass effect and obstructive hydrocephalus.CONCLUSION The aim of this report is to highlight the rarity and importance of mass-like subdural hematomas causing obstructive hydrocephalus,particularly in the setting of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and therapeutic whole-body cooling.
文摘Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common complication in head injuries. The objective of this study is to establish the evolution of traumatic subdural effusion (TSDE) into CSDH using clinical signs and symptoms as well as radiology. Our aim is to effectively manage such cases without postoperative recurrence (PR). Methodology: The study was a retrospective cohort carried out in the No. 1 People’s Hospital of Jingzhou from August 2007 to November 2013. The hospital is affiliated to the Yangtze University. All the patients included in this study were involved in road traffic accidents and sustained various degree of head injury. Serial CT scans were done to establish the development TSDE and the evolution of the TSDE into CSDH and treatment options. Results: In all 159 patients developed TSDE and out of these 34 which constitute 21.38% had their TSDE evolving into CSDH. Most of the patients were elderly. Twelve patients were treated conservatively while the remaining patients were treated surgically by drilling and drainage of hematoma. All the patients survived with marked improvement in their sign and symptoms with no recurrence. Conclusion: TSDE is one of the etiological factors for the development of CSDH in the elderly although in most cases the etiology of CSDH is usual multifactory. It must be stated clearly that, the evolution of TSDE into CSDH is initially a hidden process and presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms which can easily be missed. CT scan is usually the initial radiology of choice in making diagnosis of TSDE but MRI could be used to make early diagnosis of the transgression of TSDE into CSDH, and hence early surgical intervention before the formation of a neomembrane could reduce PR rate.
文摘Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage, and the prognosis is good if treated properly. The standard treatment for CSDH is surgical evacuation. Various surgical procedures are used such as burr holes evacuation, twist-drill craniostomy, and craniotomy. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of twist dill as a first-choice treatment in evacuation of CSDH in comorbid patients. Methods: This study is a prospective analysis of CSDH evacuation using two twist drill craniostomy holes and irrigation conducted on 21 patients with different comorbidities in Assuit University Hospital between May 2017 and May 2018. Results: The overall postoperative clinical improvement was 95.2%. The operative time was less than 10 minutes in 71.4% of the patients. 4 patients showed residual collection in the post-operative CT (19%). Pneumocephaly was detected in 2 patients (9.5%). Postoperative seizures occurred in 2 patients (9.5%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected in one patient (4.7%). Conclusion: This approach is a new modification of twist drill craniostomy which can decrease the postoperative residual and recurrence rates and also still a minimally invasive and lifesaving technique in patients with different comorbidities.
文摘Infratentorial subdural empyemas are rare. It is an important neurological infection requiring immediate neurosurgical treatment. The nonsurgical treatment of subdural empyema has been reported sporadically. In this paper the authors report the nonsurgical treatment of a case of infratentorial subdural empyema. The patient with left recurrent otitis was hospitalized with symptoms of headache and fever of 3 weeks duration. Examination revealed that the patient had Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, fever, mild cerebellar signs, no focal deficit, and abundant suppuration from the left ear. A contrast-enhanced CT scan showed an infratentorial supracerebellar hypodense fluid collection with the peripheral rim enhancement to the left of the midline that mimicked a subdural empyema. Routine hematological investigation revealed polymorphic leukocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. After the left mastoidectomy and antibiotic treatment, the patient recovered with complete resolution of the subdural empyema on CT scan.
文摘Background: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is considered the most common traumatic brain mass lesion. Its prognosis is still grave despite the improvements in treatment modalities. Its mortality rate was reported to be around 60% until the 1990s. In the last decade, ASDH mortality rate was reduced to the level of 20% - 40%. Standard treatment to decrease intracranial tension via hematoma evacuation is associated with decompressive craniotomy and followed by ICU management. Objective: To evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors in patients of acute subdural hematoma treated by surgical evacuation and decompressive craniotomy. Also, outcome of cranioplasty by repositioning of patients own bone or by synthetic mesh methods is evaluated. Patients and Methods: It is one year retrospective study. It was conducted on 53 patients, in trauma unit, Assiut university hospitals. We report time lag between trauma and performed surgery, initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS), age, sex and presence of other intracranial pathologies. Outcome assessment is based on Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and fol-low-up extended for 6 months. We include those patients with only (isolated) head trauma, shift of midline more than 5 mm in CT brain. We excluded pa-tients with GCS 3 and fixed dilated pupils as well as patients with GCS higher than 12. We did decompressive craniotomy and duraplasty in all patients. Bone flap of decompressive craniotomy is situated in the abdomen. All func-tionally recovered patients were submitted for cranioplasty with either re-placing patient own bone or by Titanium mesh. Results: We had 39 males and 14 females. Age ranged between 7 and 65 years old. 23 deaths, 10 persis-tent vegetative state, 10 severe disability, 8 moderate disability and 2 good recovery. The outcome analysis was based on 6 month follow-up. Conclu-sion: Acute subdural hematoma is a very serious condition. Mortality and morbidity is intimately related to GCS on admission. Presence of associated cerebral pathology increases mortality and morbidity of patients with post-traumatic acute subdural hematoma. Early evacuation of posttraumatic acute subdural hematoma with decompressive craniotomy is an important method to control raised intracranial tension, reduce shift of midline and very benefi-cial in decreasing mortality and morbidity. Regarding infection and avoiding bone flap resorption, Titanium mesh is better than patient own bone during cranioplasty after patient recovery.
