Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds,including Carrageenan,Fucoidan and Ulvan,are crucial bioactive compounds known for their diverse beneficial properties,such as anti-inflammatory,antitumor,immunomodulat...Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds,including Carrageenan,Fucoidan and Ulvan,are crucial bioactive compounds known for their diverse beneficial properties,such as anti-inflammatory,antitumor,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anticoagulant effects.These polysaccharides form hydrogels hold immense promise in biomedicine,particularly in tissue engineering,drug delivery systems and wound healing.This review comprehensively explores the sources and structural characteristics of the three important sulfated polysaccharides extracted from different algae species.It elucidates the gelation mechanisms of these polysaccharides into hydrogels.Furthermore,the biomedical applications of these three sulfated polysaccharide hydrogels in wound healing,drug delivery,and tissue engineering are discussed,highlighting their potential in the biomedicine.展开更多
The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification.In this study,the immunomodulatory effect of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides(SCP3)on macrophages RAW264.7 and its ...The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification.In this study,the immunomodulatory effect of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides(SCP3)on macrophages RAW264.7 and its potential molecular mechanism were investigated.Results showed that SCP3 at 25-100μg/m L increased viability and improved phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells.Meanwhile,SCP3 could activate mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathways,which increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2,JNK,p38 and NF-κB p65,promoting secretion of cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and nitric oxide(NO)as well as the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)receptor inhibitors were able to block the production of NO and TNF-αby SCP3-stimulated macrophages.Based on Western blot analysis and validation using specific inhibitors against MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways,the results demonstrated that SCP3 induced macrophages activation and enhanced TNF-αand NO production via TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways.In summary,SCP3 has significant immunomodulatory potential.The underlying molecular mechanism was that SCP3 activates macrophages via TLR4 receptors to promote ROS production,which in turn activates the downstream MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and then increases the secretion levels of cytokines and NO.展开更多
Aim To study the chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR. Res...Aim To study the chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR. Results Six compounds were isolated from Asterias amurensis Lutken. Their structures were identified as 3β-O-sulfated-cholest-5-en sodium salt （1）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- pregn-9（ 11 ） -en-20-one sodium salt （ 2 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-cholest-9 （ 11 ） -en-23-one sodium salt （3）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α, 20β-diol-cholest-9 （ 11 ）-en-23-one sodium salt （ 4 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- cholesta-9 （ 11 ）, 20 （ 22 ） -dien-23-one sodium salt （ 5 ）, and 3β-O-sulfated-6ct-ol-ergost-9 （ 11 ） -en-23- one sodium salt （6）. Conclusion Compounds 1 - 6 were obtained from this species for the first time.展开更多
There are also a variety of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment,which are involved in the change in the hardness of the tumor,thereby affecting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.As traditional Chinese med...There are also a variety of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment,which are involved in the change in the hardness of the tumor,thereby affecting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.As traditional Chinese medicines,drugs of softening and dissipating firm knot contains different kinds of sulfated polysaccharide and sulfated glycopeptide.By inhibiting the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts,they reduce interstitial fibrosis,thereby reducing the hardness of the tumor and exerting an anti-tumor effect.展开更多
The chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetic behavior in the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers （DMMn） were investigated over sulfated titania in order to reveal the decisive factor controlling the react...The chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetic behavior in the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers （DMMn） were investigated over sulfated titania in order to reveal the decisive factor controlling the reaction. The results showed that the molar ratio of adjacent DMMn products in equilibrium solution had the same value, which depended absolutely on the reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the reactions had the same DMMn products distributions under varied reaction conditions. The equilibrium constants of the related step-wise reactions for DMMn formation were equal, which were calculated based on the bulk compositions of the reaction solution. And thus, the selectivity to DMMn was mainly controlled by the chemical equilibrium, i.e., thermodynamic control. In brief, the present results provide some guidance for future synthesis of DMMn.展开更多
In this paper, in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiforrnis were investigated. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysa...In this paper, in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiforrnis were investigated. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides （PGL）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-1 （GL-1）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-2 （GL-2） and Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-3 （GL-3） were studied by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method, and the inhibitory effect against Human influenza virus H1-364 induced cytopathic effect （CPE） on MDCK cells were observed by the CPE method. In addition, the antiviral mechanism of PGL was explored by Plaque forming unit （PFU）, MTT and CPE methods. The results showed： i） Cytotoxicities were not significantly revealed, and H1-364 induced CPE was also reduced treated with sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis; ii） Antiviral activities were associated with the mass percentage content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions, which was about 13%, in polysaccharides （PGL and GL-2） both of which exhibited higher antiviral activity; iii） A potential antiviral mechanism to explain these observations is that viral adsorption and replication on host cells were inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. In conclusion, Anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis were revealed, and the antiviral activities were associated with content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions展开更多
Sea cucumber is a traditional nutritional food and medicinal resource with many bioactive components in China. Holothuriafuscogliva is a big sea cucumber with a rich of bioactive polysaccharides. To investigate the bi...Sea cucumber is a traditional nutritional food and medicinal resource with many bioactive components in China. Holothuriafuscogliva is a big sea cucumber with a rich of bioactive polysaccharides. To investigate the bioactivities of the polysaccharides from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva, we prepared the sulfated polysaccharides （HfP） from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva using a protease hydrolysis method. Antioxidant activities of HfP were investigated, including hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity. And, the anticoagulant activities of HfP were studied, including the activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, prothrombin time （PT） and thrombin time （TT）. The average molecular weight was 1 867.1 Da, with a sulfate content of 20.7%. In addition, the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition of HfP was Man： Rha： Glc A： Glc： Gal： Xyl： Fuc=0.083 6： 0.437： 0.134： 0： 1.182： 0.748： 1. It had a strong antioxidant activity, the hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity ECs0 of HfP was 3.74 and 0.037 mg/mL, respectively. It also showed a good anticoagulant activity in our study. The APTT of HfP was much higher than that of heparin sodium, and the PT and TT of HfP was close to that ofheparin sodium at a low concentration. Therefore, HfP shows a good antioxidant and anticoagulant activity and it may become a potential candidate of the natural antioxidant and anticoagulant and will have a good application future in health product or medicine industry.展开更多
Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-...Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose.展开更多
A mesoporous sulfated zirconia-silica catalyst bearing only Br？nsted acid sites converted glycerol to acrolein in 81%yield with 82% selectivity.Space time yield as high as 9.0 mmol h^（-1） g_（cat）^（-1） was achie...A mesoporous sulfated zirconia-silica catalyst bearing only Br？nsted acid sites converted glycerol to acrolein in 81%yield with 82% selectivity.Space time yield as high as 9.0 mmol h^（-1） g_（cat）^（-1） was achieved even at a low reaction temperature of 523 K.The catalytic activity and selectivity were higher than those of typical sulfated zirconia.It is proposed that the milder acidity due to dilution of zirconium species by silica and large pore size for faster diffusion contributed towards the better catalytic performance.展开更多
Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt% proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the pro...Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt% proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.展开更多
A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with post-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed to determine the amount of low-molecular- weight sulfated poly...A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with post-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed to determine the amount of low-molecular- weight sulfated polysaccharide （GFS） in vivo. The metabolism of GFS has been shown to fit a two component model following its administration by intravenous injection, and its pharmacokinetic parameters were determined to be as follows： half-time of distribution phase （t1/2α）=11.2±2.93 min, half-time of elimination phase （tl/2α）=98.20±25.78 min, maximum concentration （Cmax）=110.53 gg/mL and peak time （Tmax）=5 min. The pharmacokinetic behavior of GFS was also investigated following intragastric administration. However, the concentration of GFS found in serum was too low for detection, and GFS could only be detected for up to 2 h after intragastric administration （200 mg/kg body weight）. Thus, the bioavailability of GFS was low following intragastric administration because of the metabolism of GFS. In conclusion, HPLC with post-column derivatization could be used for quantitative microanalysis and pharmacokinetic studies to determine the presence of polysaccharides in the serum following intravenous injection.展开更多
Mesoporous tetragonal sulfated zirconia with high surface area and narrow pore-size distribution was prepared using Zr（O-nPr）4 as zirconium precursor, sulfuric acid as sulfur source and triblock copolymer poly（ethy...Mesoporous tetragonal sulfated zirconia with high surface area and narrow pore-size distribution was prepared using Zr（O-nPr）4 as zirconium precursor, sulfuric acid as sulfur source and triblock copolymer poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（propylene glycol）- poly（ethylene glycol） （P123） as the template. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, TEM, and NH3- TPD. A phase transformation from monoclinic sulfated zirconia to tetragonal sulfated zirconia is observed. The product shows strong acidity.C2009 Bin Yue. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Injury to the peripheral nerves can result in temporary or life-long neuronal dysfunction and subsequent economic or social disability. Acidic fibroblast growth factor(a FGF) promotes the growth and survival of neuron...Injury to the peripheral nerves can result in temporary or life-long neuronal dysfunction and subsequent economic or social disability. Acidic fibroblast growth factor(a FGF) promotes the growth and survival of neurons and is a possible treatment for peripheral nerve injury. Yet,the actual therapeutic utility of a FGF is limited by its short half-life and instability in vivo. In the present study,we prepared sulfated chitooligosaccharides(SCOS),which have heparinlike properties,to improve the bioactivity of a FGF. We investigated the protective effects of SCOS with or without a FGF on RSC96 cells exposed to Na2 S2 O4 hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and cytotoxicity induced by Na2 S2 O4 was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release into the culture medium. Pretreatment with a FGF and SCOS dramatically decreased LDH release after injury compared to pretreatment with a FGF or SCOS alone. We subsequently prepared an a FGF/SCOS thermo-sensitive hydrogel with poloxamer and examined its effects in vivo. Paw withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were measured in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Local injection of the a FGF/SCOS hydrogels(a FGF: 40,80 μg/kg) increased the efficiency of sciatic nerve repair compared to a FGF(80 μg/kg) hydrogel alone. Especially a FGF/SCOS thermo-sensitive hydrogel decreased paw withdrawal thresholds from 117.75 ± 8.38(g,4 d) to 65.74 ± 3.39(g,10 d),but a FGF alone group were 140.58 ± 27.54(g,4 d) to 89.12 ± 5.60(g,10 d)(a FGF dose was 80 μg/kg,P < 0.05,n = 8). The thermal withdrawal latencies decreased from 11.61 ± 2.26(s,4 d) to 2.37 ±0.67(s,10 d). However,a FGF alone group were from 17.69 ± 1.47(s,4 d) to4.65 ± 1.73(s,10 d)(P < 0.05,n = 8). Furthermore,the a FGF/SCOS hydrogels also exhibited good biocompatibility in mice. In summary,SCOS improved the protective effects of a FGF in RSC96 cells injured with Na2S2O4 and increased the efficiency of nerve repair and recovery of function in rats with sciatic nerve injury. These findings pave an avenue for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
A new sulfated triterpenoid,3β,24-dihydroxyurs-20-ene-24-O-sulphonyl-28-oic acid（fabagoin.1） was isolated from the barks of Zygophyllum fabago L.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
The influence of sulfated polysaccharide （SPS） isolated from marine algae Sargassum fusiforme on the morphology and phase compositions of urinary crystal calcium oxalate was investigated in vitro by means of scannin...The influence of sulfated polysaccharide （SPS） isolated from marine algae Sargassum fusiforme on the morphology and phase compositions of urinary crystal calcium oxalate was investigated in vitro by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. SPS maybe is a potential inhibitor to CaOxa urinary stones by inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate （COM）, preventing the aggregation of COM, and inducing the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate （COD） crystals.展开更多
This paper reports on the synthesis of copper doped sulfated titania nano-crystalline powders with varying （2.0%-10.0%, by mass） by single step sol gel method. The synthesized photo catalyst has been characterized b...This paper reports on the synthesis of copper doped sulfated titania nano-crystalline powders with varying （2.0%-10.0%, by mass） by single step sol gel method. The synthesized photo catalyst has been characterized by employing various techniques like X-ray Diffraction （XRD）, Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （EDS）, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies （FT-IR）, and Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）. From the XRD and TEM results, all the samples were reported in anatase phase with reduction in particle size in the range of 7 to 12 nm. SEM indicated the change in morphology of the particles. The presence of copper in titania lattice was evidenced by XPS. From UV-Vis DRS and FT-IR studies indicated that prominent absorption shift is observed towards visible region （red shift）, the entry ofCu2 ＋ into Ti02 lattice as a substitution- al dopant and S042- ions were covalently bonded with Ti4＋ on the surface of the copper doped titania respectively. The photocatalytic activity studies were investigated by considering methyl orange （MO） as dye pollutant in the presence of the visible light. The effect of various parameters like effect of dosage of the catalyst, dopant concentration, pH of the solution, and concentration of the dye was studied in detail.展开更多
Sulfated zirconia(SZ)and two promoted 1% Mn/SZ catalysts which have been prepared via sol gel(Mn/SZ-S)and impregnation(Mn/SZ-I)methods were studied.The morphology of the catalysts was characterized by XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,...Sulfated zirconia(SZ)and two promoted 1% Mn/SZ catalysts which have been prepared via sol gel(Mn/SZ-S)and impregnation(Mn/SZ-I)methods were studied.The morphology of the catalysts was characterized by XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,ICP,SEM and FT-IR analysis.The conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and hydrocarbons was carried out in the temperature range of 120−300℃.The Mn/SZ-S showed the highest activity due to the high surface area with suitable acidity.The optimum condition of Mn/SZ-S catalyst was investigated at 200℃ and LHSV of 0.02 h^−1 in a time range from 30 to 210 min.It was found that the total conversion decreased from 80.18% to 53.26% at 210 min.The reusability of this catalyst was studied at the optimum condition up till four cycles for 1 h.The characterization of the reused catalyst showed a significant change in the structure and surface acidity due to the blockage of the surface acid sited by carbonaceous materials.展开更多
Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulan...Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of MP and SP were examined by determination of their activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, thrombin time （TT） and prothrombin time （PT） using human plasma. Results showed that MP and SP were composed of abundant rhamnose with small amounts of xylose and glucuronic acid, whereas SP also contained a small amount of galactose. Approximate molecular weights of MP and SP were 535 and 502 kDa, respectively. As compared with SP, MP had higher contents of sulfate ester （19.0%） and uronic acid （14.9%）. The MP mainly consisted of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues with partially sulfated groups at the C-3 position, and small amounts of （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2,4）-linked rhamnose, （1→4）-linked glucuronic acid and （1→4）-linked xylose residues. The SP contained abundant （1→4）-linked rhamnose with minor amounts of （1→3）-linked rhanmose, （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2, 4）-linked rhanmose, （1→4）4inked glucuronic acid, （1→4）-linked xylose, and （1→3）-linked galactose residues. The sulfate groups were mainly located at C-3 of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues. Both MP and SP, in particular the former, effectively prolonged APTT and TT. This work demonstrates that MP and SP have unique structural characteristics distinct from those of other sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha. The MP is a potential source of anticoagulant, and the difference in anticoagulant activities of the two sulfated polysaccharides is directly linked to the discrepancy of their chemical features.展开更多
The synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers as an ideal diesel fuel additive is the current hot topic of modern petrochemical industry for their expedient properties in mitigating air pollutants emission during ...The synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers as an ideal diesel fuel additive is the current hot topic of modern petrochemical industry for their expedient properties in mitigating air pollutants emission during combustion.In this work,a series of spherical sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method assisted with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).The prepared sulfated zirconia catalysts were used to catalyze PODEn synthesis from methanol and formaldehyde solution.Various characterization(XRD,BET,SEM,TGA,NH_(3)-TPD,FTIR,and Py-IR)were employed to elaborate the structure–activity relationship of the studied catalytic system.The results demonstrated that S/Zr molar ratio in precursor solution played an effective role on catalyst morphology and acidic properties,where the weak Brønsted acid sites and strong Lewis acid sites were favorable to the conversion of methanol and formation of long-chain PODEn,respectively.The reaction parameters such as catalyst amount,molar ratio of FA/MeOH,reaction time,temperature and pressure were optimized.The speculated reaction pathway for PODEn synthesis was proposed based on the synergy of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites,which suggested that Brønsted and Lewis acid sites might be advantageous to the activation of polyoxymethylene hemiformals[CH_(3)(OCH_(2))_(n)OH]and methylene glycol(HOCH_(2)OH),respectively.展开更多
Catalytic decomposition of methylene chloride in air below 300℃ was studied. Sulfated titania was very effective in converting 959ppm methylene chloride selectively to CO, C02 and HCl. Complete decomposition of methy...Catalytic decomposition of methylene chloride in air below 300℃ was studied. Sulfated titania was very effective in converting 959ppm methylene chloride selectively to CO, C02 and HCl. Complete decomposition of methylene chloride was achieved at low temperature (275℃ ). It was found that the acidic property of catalyst was a determinant factor for the catalytic activity. The presence of water vapor in the feed stream remarkably reduced the catalytic activity, which could be due to the blockage of acidic sites on the surface of catalyst by water molecules. A bifunctional catalyst comprising copper oxide was developed to improve the selectivity of catalytic oxidation , which indicated that copper oxide can promote the deep oxidation of methylene chloride. The crystal form of TiO2 imposes an important influence upon the catalytic oxidation.展开更多
基金funded by the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2019GSF107031).
文摘Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds,including Carrageenan,Fucoidan and Ulvan,are crucial bioactive compounds known for their diverse beneficial properties,such as anti-inflammatory,antitumor,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anticoagulant effects.These polysaccharides form hydrogels hold immense promise in biomedicine,particularly in tissue engineering,drug delivery systems and wound healing.This review comprehensively explores the sources and structural characteristics of the three important sulfated polysaccharides extracted from different algae species.It elucidates the gelation mechanisms of these polysaccharides into hydrogels.Furthermore,the biomedical applications of these three sulfated polysaccharide hydrogels in wound healing,drug delivery,and tissue engineering are discussed,highlighting their potential in the biomedicine.
基金the financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82060594)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(20202BAB205006)。
文摘The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification.In this study,the immunomodulatory effect of sulfated Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides(SCP3)on macrophages RAW264.7 and its potential molecular mechanism were investigated.Results showed that SCP3 at 25-100μg/m L increased viability and improved phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells.Meanwhile,SCP3 could activate mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathways,which increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2,JNK,p38 and NF-κB p65,promoting secretion of cytokines tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 6(IL-6)and nitric oxide(NO)as well as the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)receptor inhibitors were able to block the production of NO and TNF-αby SCP3-stimulated macrophages.Based on Western blot analysis and validation using specific inhibitors against MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways,the results demonstrated that SCP3 induced macrophages activation and enhanced TNF-αand NO production via TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB pathways.In summary,SCP3 has significant immunomodulatory potential.The underlying molecular mechanism was that SCP3 activates macrophages via TLR4 receptors to promote ROS production,which in turn activates the downstream MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and then increases the secretion levels of cytokines and NO.
文摘Aim To study the chemical constituents of starfish Asterias amurensis. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR. Results Six compounds were isolated from Asterias amurensis Lutken. Their structures were identified as 3β-O-sulfated-cholest-5-en sodium salt （1）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- pregn-9（ 11 ） -en-20-one sodium salt （ 2 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol-cholest-9 （ 11 ） -en-23-one sodium salt （3）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α, 20β-diol-cholest-9 （ 11 ）-en-23-one sodium salt （ 4 ）, 3β-O-sulfated-6α-ol- cholesta-9 （ 11 ）, 20 （ 22 ） -dien-23-one sodium salt （ 5 ）, and 3β-O-sulfated-6ct-ol-ergost-9 （ 11 ） -en-23- one sodium salt （6）. Conclusion Compounds 1 - 6 were obtained from this species for the first time.
文摘There are also a variety of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment,which are involved in the change in the hardness of the tumor,thereby affecting the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells.As traditional Chinese medicines,drugs of softening and dissipating firm knot contains different kinds of sulfated polysaccharide and sulfated glycopeptide.By inhibiting the function of cancer-associated fibroblasts,they reduce interstitial fibrosis,thereby reducing the hardness of the tumor and exerting an anti-tumor effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.21203220 and 21133011)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M551674)+1 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(No.1302070C)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2011CB201404)
文摘The chemical equilibrium and reaction kinetic behavior in the synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers （DMMn） were investigated over sulfated titania in order to reveal the decisive factor controlling the reaction. The results showed that the molar ratio of adjacent DMMn products in equilibrium solution had the same value, which depended absolutely on the reaction temperature. Meanwhile, the reactions had the same DMMn products distributions under varied reaction conditions. The equilibrium constants of the related step-wise reactions for DMMn formation were equal, which were calculated based on the bulk compositions of the reaction solution. And thus, the selectivity to DMMn was mainly controlled by the chemical equilibrium, i.e., thermodynamic control. In brief, the present results provide some guidance for future synthesis of DMMn.
基金The Science and Technology Projects of Guangdong (2009B020312012)The Science and Technology Projects of Shantou (2008-143)
文摘In this paper, in vitro anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiforrnis were investigated. Cytotoxicities and antiviral activities of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides （PGL）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-1 （GL-1）, Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-2 （GL-2） and Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide fraction-3 （GL-3） were studied by the Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） method, and the inhibitory effect against Human influenza virus H1-364 induced cytopathic effect （CPE） on MDCK cells were observed by the CPE method. In addition, the antiviral mechanism of PGL was explored by Plaque forming unit （PFU）, MTT and CPE methods. The results showed： i） Cytotoxicities were not significantly revealed, and H1-364 induced CPE was also reduced treated with sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis; ii） Antiviral activities were associated with the mass percentage content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions, which was about 13%, in polysaccharides （PGL and GL-2） both of which exhibited higher antiviral activity; iii） A potential antiviral mechanism to explain these observations is that viral adsorption and replication on host cells were inhibited by sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. In conclusion, Anti-influenza virus activities of sulfated polysaccharide fractions from Gracilaria lemaneiformis were revealed, and the antiviral activities were associated with content of sulfate groups in polysaccharide fractions
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Service Network Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-EW-STS-060)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Marine Sector(No.201405038-2)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Innovation ProjectFinancially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASKJ02)
文摘Sea cucumber is a traditional nutritional food and medicinal resource with many bioactive components in China. Holothuriafuscogliva is a big sea cucumber with a rich of bioactive polysaccharides. To investigate the bioactivities of the polysaccharides from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva, we prepared the sulfated polysaccharides （HfP） from sea cucumber H. fuscogliva using a protease hydrolysis method. Antioxidant activities of HfP were investigated, including hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity. And, the anticoagulant activities of HfP were studied, including the activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, prothrombin time （PT） and thrombin time （TT）. The average molecular weight was 1 867.1 Da, with a sulfate content of 20.7%. In addition, the molar ratio of monosaccharide composition of HfP was Man： Rha： Glc A： Glc： Gal： Xyl： Fuc=0.083 6： 0.437： 0.134： 0： 1.182： 0.748： 1. It had a strong antioxidant activity, the hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity ECs0 of HfP was 3.74 and 0.037 mg/mL, respectively. It also showed a good anticoagulant activity in our study. The APTT of HfP was much higher than that of heparin sodium, and the PT and TT of HfP was close to that ofheparin sodium at a low concentration. Therefore, HfP shows a good antioxidant and anticoagulant activity and it may become a potential candidate of the natural antioxidant and anticoagulant and will have a good application future in health product or medicine industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1162201)the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University (20121051)
文摘Sulfated porous carbon （PC-SO3H） catalyst was successfully synthesized from one-pot treatment of porous polydivinylbenzene in H2SO4 at 250 ℃, which exhibited very good catalytic performances in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose.
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up(KAKENHI,21860004)for Young Scientists(KAKENHI,26709060) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)
文摘A mesoporous sulfated zirconia-silica catalyst bearing only Br？nsted acid sites converted glycerol to acrolein in 81%yield with 82% selectivity.Space time yield as high as 9.0 mmol h^（-1） g_（cat）^（-1） was achieved even at a low reaction temperature of 523 K.The catalytic activity and selectivity were higher than those of typical sulfated zirconia.It is proposed that the milder acidity due to dilution of zirconium species by silica and large pore size for faster diffusion contributed towards the better catalytic performance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20074025).
文摘Lentinan samples,(1→3)-β-D-glucans containing 4.6-15.2 wt% proteins,coded as L-I_1 L-I_2 L-I_3 and L-I_4(L-I)were isolated from four kinds of Lentinus edodes.These glucans were treated with acetone to remove the protein in orderto obtain free protein glucans coded as LNP-I_1,LNP-I_2.LNP-I_3 and LNP-I_4(LNP-I).The free-protein polysaccharideswere sulfated to give derivatives(S-LNP-I)with degree of substitution(DS)from 0.4-0.8.The structural features andweight-average molecular weight(M_w)of the samples were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,^(13)C-NMR,size exclusion chromatography combined with laser light scattering(SEC-LLS)and viscometry.The effects ofstructure and conformation of the polysaccharides on antitumor activities were assayed in vivo(Sarcoma 180 solid tumors)and in vitro(Sarcoma 180,HL-60,MCF-7 and Vero tumors).The results indicated that the predominant species of thesamples L-I and LNP-I in 0.2 mol/L NaCl aqueous solution existed as triple-helical chains with high rigidity and in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)as single-flexible chains.Interestingly,the antitumor activities of LNP-I are lower than those of the nativeglucans(L-I),whereas their sulfated derivatives have higher inhibition ratio against Sarcoma 180 than LNP-I.The resultsreveal that the binding of protein,sulfated modification and the triple helix conformation are important factors in theenhancement of the antitumor activities of polysaccharides on the whole.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41376166)the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project(Nos.201005024,201405040)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Science and Technology Project(No.BE2012687)the Special Fund for Cooperation between Jilin Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2013SYHZ0023)
文摘A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with post-column fluorescence derivatization has been developed to determine the amount of low-molecular- weight sulfated polysaccharide （GFS） in vivo. The metabolism of GFS has been shown to fit a two component model following its administration by intravenous injection, and its pharmacokinetic parameters were determined to be as follows： half-time of distribution phase （t1/2α）=11.2±2.93 min, half-time of elimination phase （tl/2α）=98.20±25.78 min, maximum concentration （Cmax）=110.53 gg/mL and peak time （Tmax）=5 min. The pharmacokinetic behavior of GFS was also investigated following intragastric administration. However, the concentration of GFS found in serum was too low for detection, and GFS could only be detected for up to 2 h after intragastric administration （200 mg/kg body weight）. Thus, the bioavailability of GFS was low following intragastric administration because of the metabolism of GFS. In conclusion, HPLC with post-column derivatization could be used for quantitative microanalysis and pharmacokinetic studies to determine the presence of polysaccharides in the serum following intravenous injection.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB623506)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.20633030,20721063 and 20873027),STCSM(Nos.08DZ2270500 and075211013)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.B108).
文摘Mesoporous tetragonal sulfated zirconia with high surface area and narrow pore-size distribution was prepared using Zr（O-nPr）4 as zirconium precursor, sulfuric acid as sulfur source and triblock copolymer poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（propylene glycol）- poly（ethylene glycol） （P123） as the template. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 sorption, TEM, and NH3- TPD. A phase transformation from monoclinic sulfated zirconia to tetragonal sulfated zirconia is observed. The product shows strong acidity.C2009 Bin Yue. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201508020001)the Major Scientific and Technological Special Project of the Administration of Ocean and Fisheries of Guangdong Province (Yuecainong, 2017, no. 17)+2 种基金the Operating fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine (No. 2014B030301050)a project of the Research Development and Industrialization of Guangdong Province (2013B090500046)the Guangdong Province Higher Vocational Colleges and Schools Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme (2012)
文摘Injury to the peripheral nerves can result in temporary or life-long neuronal dysfunction and subsequent economic or social disability. Acidic fibroblast growth factor(a FGF) promotes the growth and survival of neurons and is a possible treatment for peripheral nerve injury. Yet,the actual therapeutic utility of a FGF is limited by its short half-life and instability in vivo. In the present study,we prepared sulfated chitooligosaccharides(SCOS),which have heparinlike properties,to improve the bioactivity of a FGF. We investigated the protective effects of SCOS with or without a FGF on RSC96 cells exposed to Na2 S2 O4 hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and cytotoxicity induced by Na2 S2 O4 was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release into the culture medium. Pretreatment with a FGF and SCOS dramatically decreased LDH release after injury compared to pretreatment with a FGF or SCOS alone. We subsequently prepared an a FGF/SCOS thermo-sensitive hydrogel with poloxamer and examined its effects in vivo. Paw withdrawal thresholds and thermal withdrawal latencies were measured in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Local injection of the a FGF/SCOS hydrogels(a FGF: 40,80 μg/kg) increased the efficiency of sciatic nerve repair compared to a FGF(80 μg/kg) hydrogel alone. Especially a FGF/SCOS thermo-sensitive hydrogel decreased paw withdrawal thresholds from 117.75 ± 8.38(g,4 d) to 65.74 ± 3.39(g,10 d),but a FGF alone group were 140.58 ± 27.54(g,4 d) to 89.12 ± 5.60(g,10 d)(a FGF dose was 80 μg/kg,P < 0.05,n = 8). The thermal withdrawal latencies decreased from 11.61 ± 2.26(s,4 d) to 2.37 ±0.67(s,10 d). However,a FGF alone group were from 17.69 ± 1.47(s,4 d) to4.65 ± 1.73(s,10 d)(P < 0.05,n = 8). Furthermore,the a FGF/SCOS hydrogels also exhibited good biocompatibility in mice. In summary,SCOS improved the protective effects of a FGF in RSC96 cells injured with Na2S2O4 and increased the efficiency of nerve repair and recovery of function in rats with sciatic nerve injury. These findings pave an avenue for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve injury.
文摘A new sulfated triterpenoid,3β,24-dihydroxyurs-20-ene-24-O-sulphonyl-28-oic acid（fabagoin.1） was isolated from the barks of Zygophyllum fabago L.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20471024)the Project-sponsored by SRF for ROCS,SEMthe Key project of Natural Science Foundation of China(20031010).
文摘The influence of sulfated polysaccharide （SPS） isolated from marine algae Sargassum fusiforme on the morphology and phase compositions of urinary crystal calcium oxalate was investigated in vitro by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. SPS maybe is a potential inhibitor to CaOxa urinary stones by inhibiting the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate （COM）, preventing the aggregation of COM, and inducing the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate （COD） crystals.
文摘This paper reports on the synthesis of copper doped sulfated titania nano-crystalline powders with varying （2.0%-10.0%, by mass） by single step sol gel method. The synthesized photo catalyst has been characterized by employing various techniques like X-ray Diffraction （XRD）, Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry （EDS）, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies （FT-IR）, and Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）. From the XRD and TEM results, all the samples were reported in anatase phase with reduction in particle size in the range of 7 to 12 nm. SEM indicated the change in morphology of the particles. The presence of copper in titania lattice was evidenced by XPS. From UV-Vis DRS and FT-IR studies indicated that prominent absorption shift is observed towards visible region （red shift）, the entry ofCu2 ＋ into Ti02 lattice as a substitution- al dopant and S042- ions were covalently bonded with Ti4＋ on the surface of the copper doped titania respectively. The photocatalytic activity studies were investigated by considering methyl orange （MO） as dye pollutant in the presence of the visible light. The effect of various parameters like effect of dosage of the catalyst, dopant concentration, pH of the solution, and concentration of the dye was studied in detail.
文摘Sulfated zirconia(SZ)and two promoted 1% Mn/SZ catalysts which have been prepared via sol gel(Mn/SZ-S)and impregnation(Mn/SZ-I)methods were studied.The morphology of the catalysts was characterized by XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,ICP,SEM and FT-IR analysis.The conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether and hydrocarbons was carried out in the temperature range of 120−300℃.The Mn/SZ-S showed the highest activity due to the high surface area with suitable acidity.The optimum condition of Mn/SZ-S catalyst was investigated at 200℃ and LHSV of 0.02 h^−1 in a time range from 30 to 210 min.It was found that the total conversion decreased from 80.18% to 53.26% at 210 min.The reusability of this catalyst was studied at the optimum condition up till four cycles for 1 h.The characterization of the reused catalyst showed a significant change in the structure and surface acidity due to the blockage of the surface acid sited by carbonaceous materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41076086)the National Oceanographic Center of Qingdao, China and the Science and Technology Development Program of Shandong Province, China (No.2010GHY10509)
文摘Two sulfated polysaccharides, designated MP and SP, were extracted from the marine green alga Enteromorpha linza using hot water and then purified using ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of MP and SP were examined by determination of their activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, thrombin time （TT） and prothrombin time （PT） using human plasma. Results showed that MP and SP were composed of abundant rhamnose with small amounts of xylose and glucuronic acid, whereas SP also contained a small amount of galactose. Approximate molecular weights of MP and SP were 535 and 502 kDa, respectively. As compared with SP, MP had higher contents of sulfate ester （19.0%） and uronic acid （14.9%）. The MP mainly consisted of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues with partially sulfated groups at the C-3 position, and small amounts of （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2,4）-linked rhamnose, （1→4）-linked glucuronic acid and （1→4）-linked xylose residues. The SP contained abundant （1→4）-linked rhamnose with minor amounts of （1→3）-linked rhanmose, （1→3, 4）-linked rhamnose, （1→2, 4）-linked rhanmose, （1→4）4inked glucuronic acid, （1→4）-linked xylose, and （1→3）-linked galactose residues. The sulfate groups were mainly located at C-3 of （1→4）-linked rhamnose residues. Both MP and SP, in particular the former, effectively prolonged APTT and TT. This work demonstrates that MP and SP have unique structural characteristics distinct from those of other sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha. The MP is a potential source of anticoagulant, and the difference in anticoagulant activities of the two sulfated polysaccharides is directly linked to the discrepancy of their chemical features.
基金This work was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFB0604804).
文摘The synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers as an ideal diesel fuel additive is the current hot topic of modern petrochemical industry for their expedient properties in mitigating air pollutants emission during combustion.In this work,a series of spherical sulfated zirconia catalysts were prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal method assisted with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).The prepared sulfated zirconia catalysts were used to catalyze PODEn synthesis from methanol and formaldehyde solution.Various characterization(XRD,BET,SEM,TGA,NH_(3)-TPD,FTIR,and Py-IR)were employed to elaborate the structure–activity relationship of the studied catalytic system.The results demonstrated that S/Zr molar ratio in precursor solution played an effective role on catalyst morphology and acidic properties,where the weak Brønsted acid sites and strong Lewis acid sites were favorable to the conversion of methanol and formation of long-chain PODEn,respectively.The reaction parameters such as catalyst amount,molar ratio of FA/MeOH,reaction time,temperature and pressure were optimized.The speculated reaction pathway for PODEn synthesis was proposed based on the synergy of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites,which suggested that Brønsted and Lewis acid sites might be advantageous to the activation of polyoxymethylene hemiformals[CH_(3)(OCH_(2))_(n)OH]and methylene glycol(HOCH_(2)OH),respectively.
文摘Catalytic decomposition of methylene chloride in air below 300℃ was studied. Sulfated titania was very effective in converting 959ppm methylene chloride selectively to CO, C02 and HCl. Complete decomposition of methylene chloride was achieved at low temperature (275℃ ). It was found that the acidic property of catalyst was a determinant factor for the catalytic activity. The presence of water vapor in the feed stream remarkably reduced the catalytic activity, which could be due to the blockage of acidic sites on the surface of catalyst by water molecules. A bifunctional catalyst comprising copper oxide was developed to improve the selectivity of catalytic oxidation , which indicated that copper oxide can promote the deep oxidation of methylene chloride. The crystal form of TiO2 imposes an important influence upon the catalytic oxidation.
