Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY (low light-tolerant geno...Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY (low light-tolerant genotype) and 20078 (low light-sensitive genotype), were used to study the effects of low light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 μmol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 μmol m-2 s-1) on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (PN), photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency (i) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point (LCP) decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm) was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance ( PS II) was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation (D) was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy (Ex). Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher P N , PS II and lower Q A reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.展开更多
In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 (PS1). One was theNADH dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent ...In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 (PS1). One was theNADH dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. Itwas proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PS1 was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependentnon-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at chilling temperature under low irradiance (CL). The function of the chloroplasticcyclic electron flow around PS1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) control with its antimycinA (AA)-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm)decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700+ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls.These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CLstress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves andcontrols. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes(?pH) because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS1 under CL stress.展开更多
By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, composition of fatty acids, active oxygen species and activities ofsome antioxidant enzymes, effects of chilling stress (4C) in the low light (100 mmol m-2 s-1) on chi...By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, composition of fatty acids, active oxygen species and activities ofsome antioxidant enzymes, effects of chilling stress (4C) in the low light (100 mmol m-2 s-1) on chilling-sensitive plants werestudied. After 6 h chilling stress (4C) in the low light, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of sweetpepper leaves decreased by 35.6%, and the oxidizable P700 decreased by 60%. However, chilling stress in the dark had noeffect on both of them. Unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane was accelerated, which might be helpful tostabilize photosynthetic apparatus. Distortion and swelling of grana caused by chilling in the dark probably decreasedactivities of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species. On the contrary,photooxidation might be related to the disintegration and unstacking of grana. Chilling stress induced photoinhibition ofPSII and PSI, and active oxygen species might be one of the factors causing the decrease of the oxidizable P700. PSIseemed to be more sensitive to chilling stress in the low light than PSII.展开更多
This study introduced a two-stage cultivation method for sweet pepper seedlings, integrating the strengths of a closed plant factory and solar greenhouse, to mitigate the environmental constraints in Northeast China d...This study introduced a two-stage cultivation method for sweet pepper seedlings, integrating the strengths of a closed plant factory and solar greenhouse, to mitigate the environmental constraints in Northeast China during the early spring season. In the first stage, seedlings were cultivated in a closed plant factory, followed by a second stage in a solar greenhouse. Four treatments- T1 (9 and 36 d), T2 (12 and 33 d), T3 (15 and 30 d), and T4 (18 and 27 d) - were designed for the first and second stages, respectively, with solar greenhouse-only approach serving as the control (CK). The findings reveal that the two-stage methodology significantly outperformed the control across multiple metrics, including seedling health index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, yield, etc. Specifically, T3 emerged as optimal, boosting the health index by 38.59%, elevating chlorophyll content by 39.61%, increasing net photosynthesis by 34.61%, and augmenting yield per plant by 40.67%. Additionally, T3 expedited the time to harvest by 25 d compared to the control. Although the seedling cost for T3 was 0.12 RMB yuan higher, the benefits offset the additional investment. In conclusion, the two-stage cultivation method effectively leverages the advantages of both closed-plant factories and solar greenhouses, resulting in superior seedling quality compared to using only solar greenhouses. It offers a practical and economically viable solution for enhancing the quality and yield of sweet pepper seedlings, thus contributing to the progress in the field of facility seedling cultivation research.展开更多
【目的】糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEETs)在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,解析SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中对糖积累作用,为进一步揭示SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中的作用提供参考。...【目的】糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEETs)在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,解析SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中对糖积累作用,为进一步揭示SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中的作用提供参考。【方法】用生物信息学方法对枸杞SWEET基因(LbaSWEETs)进行全基因组鉴定,并用已发表的转录数据分析LbaSWEETs在果实发育时期的基因表达情况。【结果】枸杞SWEET基因家族共有37个成员,随机分布于10条染色体上,分别编码152~621个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量为16.87~69.97 kD,等电点为4.96~9.86。亚细胞定位预测位于叶绿体或质膜,大多数含有7个跨膜螺旋。系统进化分析发现,37个LbaSWEETs蛋白可分为4个亚群,每个亚群的基因结构和保守基序组成相似。启动子元件分析表明:Lba-SWEETs基因启动子富含大量激素响应、逆境胁迫和生长发育响应元件。转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析表明:LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量随果实成熟呈现显著增加。相关性分析结果表明,LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量与果糖含量呈显著正相关。【结论】LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因是果糖积累的关键基因。展开更多
At the beginning of the 16th century,Paracelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the poison”.This principle can be applied to all living organisms,including organs and cells.The brain and its glial and neuronal cell...At the beginning of the 16th century,Paracelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the poison”.This principle can be applied to all living organisms,including organs and cells.The brain and its glial and neuronal cells are no exception.Even small compounds that are essential for the life of brain cells can become truly toxic when overdosed.展开更多
This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of...This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.展开更多
Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this...Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as the research objects,the changes in germination potential,germination index,plant height,biomass,and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize seeds were studied under optimal temperature conditions(25℃)and low temperature stress conditions(10℃).[Results]Under 10℃stress,the germination rate and germination index of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4.Under low temperature stress,Taitian 264 exhibited the least reduction in height and biomass,while Zhexuetian 1 had the most reduction.Additionally,the SOD and POD activities of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 under both temperature conditions,while the MDA content of Taitian 264 was lower.Taitian 264 showed strong germination ability against low temperature stress.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for timely sowing practices of sweet maize in agricultural production.展开更多
My name is He Sen,and I’m from Bangladesh.Every year,numerous foreigners like myself flock to Yiwu,known as the World’s Capital of Small Commodities,in pursuit of dreams.Chinese President Xi Jinping has highlighted ...My name is He Sen,and I’m from Bangladesh.Every year,numerous foreigners like myself flock to Yiwu,known as the World’s Capital of Small Commodities,in pursuit of dreams.Chinese President Xi Jinping has highlighted Yiwu at various international conferences.I became quite curious about how this initially unassuming town transformed into such a commercial powerhouse,as if it were capable of“turning rocks into gold.”展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,a...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.展开更多
Automatic identification and detection of fruit on trees by machine vision is the basis of developing automatic harvesting robots in agriculture.The occlusion of branches,leaves and other fruits in canopy images will ...Automatic identification and detection of fruit on trees by machine vision is the basis of developing automatic harvesting robots in agriculture.The occlusion of branches,leaves and other fruits in canopy images will affect the accuracy of fruit detection.To provide a scientific and reliable technical guidance for fruit harvesting robots,a method using point cloud images was proposed in this study to detect red fruits to overcome the impact of occlusion on detection.Firstly,the fruit regions were segmented from a tree’s point cloud by applying the color threshold of red and green.Then,the noise in fruit point clouds was removed with sparse outlier removal.Finally,the point cloud of each fruit was detected and counted based on the subtractive clustering algorithm.For the sweet pepper dataset,the true positive rate(TPR)is 90.69%and the false positive rate(FPR)is 6.97%for all fruits that are at least partially visible in the scene.展开更多
SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)蛋白是一类结构保守、不依赖能量的糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育、响应生物/非生物逆境胁迫等生理过程发挥重要作用。目前,尚未见花生SWEET基因相关报道。本研究首次全基因组挖掘...SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)蛋白是一类结构保守、不依赖能量的糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育、响应生物/非生物逆境胁迫等生理过程发挥重要作用。目前,尚未见花生SWEET基因相关报道。本研究首次全基因组挖掘了花生SWEET基因,对其分子特征及表达模式进行了细致分析。结果表明,栽培种花生和2个祖先野生种基因组分别存在55、25、28个SWEET基因,随机不均匀分布在各染色体上。来源于野生种和栽培种的同源基因在染色体位置相近,但也存在个别缺失,这验证了花生野生种和栽培种的进化关系,也暗示了基因组复制加倍过程中存在同源基因的丢失或扩张。基因内含子-外显子数目和位置以及启动子中顺式作用元件种类和数量均存在差异,暗示了花生SWEET基因生物学功能的多样性。系统进化分析将花生SWEET基因分为4个亚家族Clade I~Clade IV,同一亚家族同一分支的基因具有相似的外显子-内含子结构。分析Clevenger等组织表达谱发现部分基因表现为组织优势表达,这为深入了解SWEET基因行使功能部位提供了参考。此外,基于课题组前期发表的干旱和高盐胁迫转录组分析和RT-qPCR验证,我们挖掘出AhSWEET3a和AhSWEET4e等响应花生干旱或高盐胁迫的基因,功能有待进一步鉴定。研究结果为下一步深入分析花生SWEET基因功能提供了理论参考。展开更多
光合作用同化物分配供给是果实和种子发育的主要限制因子,增加蔗糖分配转运到果实和种子是增产优质的潜在策略。SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)是近年来被鉴定较多的一类糖转运蛋白,该蛋白质通过从源叶运输营养...光合作用同化物分配供给是果实和种子发育的主要限制因子,增加蔗糖分配转运到果实和种子是增产优质的潜在策略。SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)是近年来被鉴定较多的一类糖转运蛋白,该蛋白质通过从源叶运输营养物质调控库组织发育,参与植物生长发育以及生物和非生物胁迫反应。SWEET蛋白定位于膜结构,属于MtN3家族,通常包含7个跨膜结构域,其中包含2个MtN3/saliva结构域。随着染色体加倍、片段复制和串联复制等,SWEET基因在物种中得到扩张。SWEET4和SWEET39基因是作物驯化改良过程中选择的关键基因;SWEET9蛋白是蜜腺特异性糖转运蛋白,参与植物蜜腺的进化;SWEET16和SWEET17蛋白参与植物根系生长发育;SWEET11和SWEET15蛋白参与植物种子胚乳填充。本文系统综述了SWEET蛋白的结构、数量、分类、亚细胞定位、成员扩张与进化,分析了SWEET蛋白在叶、茎、根系发育,花药发育,花蜜分泌,种子填充和果实发育等植物生长发育中的功能作用,强调了SWEET蛋白在作物改良中的应用,说明增强源库强度对作物产量提高的可持续性具有重要意义。展开更多
Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investi...Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene, CaLOX2, in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination of in-silico, transcrip-tional, behavioral andchemicalanalyses.Our datashowthat CaLOX2 is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA-related marker genes, CaLOX2 and CaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing of CaLOX2 in pepper plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels of CaLOX2 transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants. CaLOX2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates that CaLOX2 mediates JA-dependent signaling, resulting in defenseagainstthrips. Furthermore,exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense against F. occidentalis.展开更多
甜瓜是我国,也是世界上最重要的夏令水果之一。甜瓜果实内所含碳水化合物的种类和数量很大程度上决定其品质和产量。SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)糖转运蛋白具有运输葡萄糖和其他寡糖的功能,最近研究表明,SW...甜瓜是我国,也是世界上最重要的夏令水果之一。甜瓜果实内所含碳水化合物的种类和数量很大程度上决定其品质和产量。SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)糖转运蛋白具有运输葡萄糖和其他寡糖的功能,最近研究表明,SWEET糖转运蛋白在果实发育中可能起调控作用。本研究从甜瓜基因组中鉴定获得18个SWEETs糖转运蛋白基因,进一步通过RT-PCR并结合实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)方法,筛选到3个SWEETs基因在整个果实发育期内或某个发育时期表达量较高。亚细胞定位显示,两个SWEETs基因(CmSWEET3,CmSWEET7a)定位在细胞膜上。进一步通过酵母表达发现,甜瓜CmSWEET7a在体外具有转运葡萄糖和果糖的功能。本研究为揭示SWEET糖转运蛋白在甜瓜果实发育过程的调控作用奠定了基础。展开更多
【目的】为挖掘参与烟草糖代谢的SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transported)基因家族成员。【方法】以拟南芥SWEET蛋白为参考,利用生物信息学方法,对栽培烟草的SWEET蛋白家族进行鉴定,分析蛋白理化性质、系统进化、染色体...【目的】为挖掘参与烟草糖代谢的SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transported)基因家族成员。【方法】以拟南芥SWEET蛋白为参考,利用生物信息学方法,对栽培烟草的SWEET蛋白家族进行鉴定,分析蛋白理化性质、系统进化、染色体定位、基因结构和顺式作用元件,对其在不同组织和不同胁迫处理的表达模式进行检测。【结果】从普通烟草中鉴定到70个可能的SWEET基因,系统发育树将其划分为4个亚家族,大多数烟草SWEET基因在进化过程中经历纯化选择。不同烟草组织的表达模式分析显示,一些烟草SWEET基因具有组织表达特异性。不同胁迫处理的表达模式分析显示,部分烟草SWEET基因在葡萄糖、蔗糖、低温、干旱或者是盐胁迫处理下表达量变化明显。【结论】Ntab0097340和Ntab0727890是烟草植株重要的响应干旱与低温胁迫的基因,本研究为深入研究烟草SWEET基因功能提供有价值的参考信息。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program, China (2011BAZ01732-2)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System in China (CARS-25-A-07)
文摘Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY (low light-tolerant genotype) and 20078 (low light-sensitive genotype), were used to study the effects of low light (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 μmol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 μmol m-2 s-1) on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (PN), photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency (i) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point (LCP) decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm) was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance ( PS II) was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation (D) was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy (Ex). Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher P N , PS II and lower Q A reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30571126)the Scientific Research Encouragement Foundation for 0utstanding Young and Middle Scientist of Shandong Province(2005BS06003)the open project from Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Shandong Province,China.
文摘In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 (PS1). One was theNADH dehydrogenase (NDH)-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. Itwas proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PS1 was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependentnon-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at chilling temperature under low irradiance (CL). The function of the chloroplasticcyclic electron flow around PS1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) control with its antimycinA (AA)-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 (Fv/Fm)decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700+ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls.These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CLstress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves andcontrols. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes(?pH) because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS1 under CL stress.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China(G1998010100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370854)the open project of Key Lab of Crop Biology of Shandong Province,P.R.China
文摘By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, composition of fatty acids, active oxygen species and activities ofsome antioxidant enzymes, effects of chilling stress (4C) in the low light (100 mmol m-2 s-1) on chilling-sensitive plants werestudied. After 6 h chilling stress (4C) in the low light, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of sweetpepper leaves decreased by 35.6%, and the oxidizable P700 decreased by 60%. However, chilling stress in the dark had noeffect on both of them. Unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane was accelerated, which might be helpful tostabilize photosynthetic apparatus. Distortion and swelling of grana caused by chilling in the dark probably decreasedactivities of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species. On the contrary,photooxidation might be related to the disintegration and unstacking of grana. Chilling stress induced photoinhibition ofPSII and PSI, and active oxygen species might be one of the factors causing the decrease of the oxidizable P700. PSIseemed to be more sensitive to chilling stress in the low light than PSII.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA (Grant No.CARS-24-G-05)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Talent Special Project (Grant No.232695HJ0101110676).
文摘This study introduced a two-stage cultivation method for sweet pepper seedlings, integrating the strengths of a closed plant factory and solar greenhouse, to mitigate the environmental constraints in Northeast China during the early spring season. In the first stage, seedlings were cultivated in a closed plant factory, followed by a second stage in a solar greenhouse. Four treatments- T1 (9 and 36 d), T2 (12 and 33 d), T3 (15 and 30 d), and T4 (18 and 27 d) - were designed for the first and second stages, respectively, with solar greenhouse-only approach serving as the control (CK). The findings reveal that the two-stage methodology significantly outperformed the control across multiple metrics, including seedling health index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, yield, etc. Specifically, T3 emerged as optimal, boosting the health index by 38.59%, elevating chlorophyll content by 39.61%, increasing net photosynthesis by 34.61%, and augmenting yield per plant by 40.67%. Additionally, T3 expedited the time to harvest by 25 d compared to the control. Although the seedling cost for T3 was 0.12 RMB yuan higher, the benefits offset the additional investment. In conclusion, the two-stage cultivation method effectively leverages the advantages of both closed-plant factories and solar greenhouses, resulting in superior seedling quality compared to using only solar greenhouses. It offers a practical and economically viable solution for enhancing the quality and yield of sweet pepper seedlings, thus contributing to the progress in the field of facility seedling cultivation research.
文摘【目的】糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEETs)在植物生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,解析SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中对糖积累作用,为进一步揭示SWEETs基因在枸杞果实发育过程中的作用提供参考。【方法】用生物信息学方法对枸杞SWEET基因(LbaSWEETs)进行全基因组鉴定,并用已发表的转录数据分析LbaSWEETs在果实发育时期的基因表达情况。【结果】枸杞SWEET基因家族共有37个成员,随机分布于10条染色体上,分别编码152~621个氨基酸,蛋白质分子质量为16.87~69.97 kD,等电点为4.96~9.86。亚细胞定位预测位于叶绿体或质膜,大多数含有7个跨膜螺旋。系统进化分析发现,37个LbaSWEETs蛋白可分为4个亚群,每个亚群的基因结构和保守基序组成相似。启动子元件分析表明:Lba-SWEETs基因启动子富含大量激素响应、逆境胁迫和生长发育响应元件。转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析表明:LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量随果实成熟呈现显著增加。相关性分析结果表明,LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因表达量与果糖含量呈显著正相关。【结论】LbaSWEET9和LbaSWEET29基因是果糖积累的关键基因。
文摘At the beginning of the 16th century,Paracelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the poison”.This principle can be applied to all living organisms,including organs and cells.The brain and its glial and neuronal cells are no exception.Even small compounds that are essential for the life of brain cells can become truly toxic when overdosed.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (Grant No.ZDKJ2021010),ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program,(Grant No.2018YFD1000800) Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.31660091),China。
文摘This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.
基金This work was supported by grants from the construction and operation of the Food Nutrition and Health Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(XTXM 202205)the earmarked fund for CARS-10Sweetpotato,and the Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(2022KJ111).
文摘Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Research Program Project(LGN21C020006)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2021C02057)+1 种基金Zhejiang Major Science and Technology Project of Agricultural New Variety(Upland Food)Breeding(2021C02064)Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(2022C04024).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties.[Methods]Taking Taitian 264,Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 as the research objects,the changes in germination potential,germination index,plant height,biomass,and antioxidant enzyme activity of maize seeds were studied under optimal temperature conditions(25℃)and low temperature stress conditions(10℃).[Results]Under 10℃stress,the germination rate and germination index of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4.Under low temperature stress,Taitian 264 exhibited the least reduction in height and biomass,while Zhexuetian 1 had the most reduction.Additionally,the SOD and POD activities of Taitian 264 were higher than that of Zhexuetian 1 and Chaotian 4 under both temperature conditions,while the MDA content of Taitian 264 was lower.Taitian 264 showed strong germination ability against low temperature stress.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for timely sowing practices of sweet maize in agricultural production.
文摘My name is He Sen,and I’m from Bangladesh.Every year,numerous foreigners like myself flock to Yiwu,known as the World’s Capital of Small Commodities,in pursuit of dreams.Chinese President Xi Jinping has highlighted Yiwu at various international conferences.I became quite curious about how this initially unassuming town transformed into such a commercial powerhouse,as if it were capable of“turning rocks into gold.”
基金financially supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of the Harbin University of Commerce (2019DS098)the Young Innovation Talents Project from the Harbin University of Commerce (2019CX31)the Graduate Innovation Fund from the Harbin University of Commerce (YJSCX2019–615HSD)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61772240,61775086)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP51730A)as well as sponsored by the 111 Project(B12018).
文摘Automatic identification and detection of fruit on trees by machine vision is the basis of developing automatic harvesting robots in agriculture.The occlusion of branches,leaves and other fruits in canopy images will affect the accuracy of fruit detection.To provide a scientific and reliable technical guidance for fruit harvesting robots,a method using point cloud images was proposed in this study to detect red fruits to overcome the impact of occlusion on detection.Firstly,the fruit regions were segmented from a tree’s point cloud by applying the color threshold of red and green.Then,the noise in fruit point clouds was removed with sparse outlier removal.Finally,the point cloud of each fruit was detected and counted based on the subtractive clustering algorithm.For the sweet pepper dataset,the true positive rate(TPR)is 90.69%and the false positive rate(FPR)is 6.97%for all fruits that are at least partially visible in the scene.
文摘SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporter)蛋白是一类结构保守、不依赖能量的糖转运蛋白,在植物生长发育、响应生物/非生物逆境胁迫等生理过程发挥重要作用。目前,尚未见花生SWEET基因相关报道。本研究首次全基因组挖掘了花生SWEET基因,对其分子特征及表达模式进行了细致分析。结果表明,栽培种花生和2个祖先野生种基因组分别存在55、25、28个SWEET基因,随机不均匀分布在各染色体上。来源于野生种和栽培种的同源基因在染色体位置相近,但也存在个别缺失,这验证了花生野生种和栽培种的进化关系,也暗示了基因组复制加倍过程中存在同源基因的丢失或扩张。基因内含子-外显子数目和位置以及启动子中顺式作用元件种类和数量均存在差异,暗示了花生SWEET基因生物学功能的多样性。系统进化分析将花生SWEET基因分为4个亚家族Clade I~Clade IV,同一亚家族同一分支的基因具有相似的外显子-内含子结构。分析Clevenger等组织表达谱发现部分基因表现为组织优势表达,这为深入了解SWEET基因行使功能部位提供了参考。此外,基于课题组前期发表的干旱和高盐胁迫转录组分析和RT-qPCR验证,我们挖掘出AhSWEET3a和AhSWEET4e等响应花生干旱或高盐胁迫的基因,功能有待进一步鉴定。研究结果为下一步深入分析花生SWEET基因功能提供了理论参考。
文摘光合作用同化物分配供给是果实和种子发育的主要限制因子,增加蔗糖分配转运到果实和种子是增产优质的潜在策略。SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transporter)是近年来被鉴定较多的一类糖转运蛋白,该蛋白质通过从源叶运输营养物质调控库组织发育,参与植物生长发育以及生物和非生物胁迫反应。SWEET蛋白定位于膜结构,属于MtN3家族,通常包含7个跨膜结构域,其中包含2个MtN3/saliva结构域。随着染色体加倍、片段复制和串联复制等,SWEET基因在物种中得到扩张。SWEET4和SWEET39基因是作物驯化改良过程中选择的关键基因;SWEET9蛋白是蜜腺特异性糖转运蛋白,参与植物蜜腺的进化;SWEET16和SWEET17蛋白参与植物根系生长发育;SWEET11和SWEET15蛋白参与植物种子胚乳填充。本文系统综述了SWEET蛋白的结构、数量、分类、亚细胞定位、成员扩张与进化,分析了SWEET蛋白在叶、茎、根系发育,花药发育,花蜜分泌,种子填充和果实发育等植物生长发育中的功能作用,强调了SWEET蛋白在作物改良中的应用,说明增强源库强度对作物产量提高的可持续性具有重要意义。
基金partly financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and partly by the breeding companies Keygene, Syngenta and East West Seeds
文摘Insect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell-content-feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene, CaLOX2, in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination of in-silico, transcrip-tional, behavioral andchemicalanalyses.Our datashowthat CaLOX2 is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA-related marker genes, CaLOX2 and CaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing of CaLOX2 in pepper plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels of CaLOX2 transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants. CaLOX2-silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates that CaLOX2 mediates JA-dependent signaling, resulting in defenseagainstthrips. Furthermore,exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense against F. occidentalis.
文摘甜瓜是我国,也是世界上最重要的夏令水果之一。甜瓜果实内所含碳水化合物的种类和数量很大程度上决定其品质和产量。SWEET(sugars will eventually be exported transporters)糖转运蛋白具有运输葡萄糖和其他寡糖的功能,最近研究表明,SWEET糖转运蛋白在果实发育中可能起调控作用。本研究从甜瓜基因组中鉴定获得18个SWEETs糖转运蛋白基因,进一步通过RT-PCR并结合实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)方法,筛选到3个SWEETs基因在整个果实发育期内或某个发育时期表达量较高。亚细胞定位显示,两个SWEETs基因(CmSWEET3,CmSWEET7a)定位在细胞膜上。进一步通过酵母表达发现,甜瓜CmSWEET7a在体外具有转运葡萄糖和果糖的功能。本研究为揭示SWEET糖转运蛋白在甜瓜果实发育过程的调控作用奠定了基础。
文摘【目的】为挖掘参与烟草糖代谢的SWEET(sugar will eventually be exported transported)基因家族成员。【方法】以拟南芥SWEET蛋白为参考,利用生物信息学方法,对栽培烟草的SWEET蛋白家族进行鉴定,分析蛋白理化性质、系统进化、染色体定位、基因结构和顺式作用元件,对其在不同组织和不同胁迫处理的表达模式进行检测。【结果】从普通烟草中鉴定到70个可能的SWEET基因,系统发育树将其划分为4个亚家族,大多数烟草SWEET基因在进化过程中经历纯化选择。不同烟草组织的表达模式分析显示,一些烟草SWEET基因具有组织表达特异性。不同胁迫处理的表达模式分析显示,部分烟草SWEET基因在葡萄糖、蔗糖、低温、干旱或者是盐胁迫处理下表达量变化明显。【结论】Ntab0097340和Ntab0727890是烟草植株重要的响应干旱与低温胁迫的基因,本研究为深入研究烟草SWEET基因功能提供有价值的参考信息。
