Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine,including reduced production efficiency.Recently,although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxid...Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine,including reduced production efficiency.Recently,although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxidant strategies in relation to oxidative stress-induced pig production,it remains so far largely unsuccessful to develop accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors.Here,we discuss the dose and dose intensity of the causes of oxidative stress involving physiological,environmental and dietary factors,recent research models and the antioxidant strategies to provide theoretical guidance for future oxidative stress research in swine.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF)continues to cause enormous economic loss to the global pig industry.Since there is no safe and effective vaccine,accurate and timely diagnosis of ASF is essential to implement control measures...African swine fever(ASF)continues to cause enormous economic loss to the global pig industry.Since there is no safe and effective vaccine,accurate and timely diagnosis of ASF is essential to implement control measures.Indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)is a gold standard serological method recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH).In this study,we used primary fetal kidney cells to establish a wild boar cell line(BK2258)that supported the efficient replication of ASF virus(ASFV)SD/DY-I/21 and showed visible cytopathic effect(CPE).Moreover,using BK2258,we established a sensitive and specific IFA for ASFV antibody detection.To standardize and evaluate the performance of this assay,we used serum samples from pigs infected with the low virulent genotype I SD/DY-I/21 and genotype II HLJ/HRB1/20,and immunized with the vaccine candidate HLJ/18-7GD,field samples,and negative serum samples.The IFA reacted with the ASFV-positive sera and displayed bright fluorescence foci.There was no non-specific green fluorescence due to cellular senescence or other cell damage-causing factors.Compared to a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(iELISA),ASFV antibodies were detected 1–4 days earlier using our IFA.The detection limits of the IFA and iELISA for the same ASFV-antibody positive serum samples were 1:25,600 and 1:6,400,respectively,indicating that the IFA is more sensitive than iELISA.The newly established IFA was highly specific and did not cross-react with sera positive for six other important porcine pathogens(i.e.,Classical swine fever virus(CSFV),Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),Porcme circovirus type 2(PCV2),Pseudorabies virus(PRV),Foot-and-Mouth disease virus type O(FMDV/O),and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)).This study thus provides a sensitive,specific,and reliable detection method that is suitable for the serological diagnosis of ASF.展开更多
Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of ...Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF)is one of the most devastating diseasesin pigs and is caused by the ASF virus(ASFV).Since its firstdiscovery in 1921 in Kenya,ASFV has spread from Africa to otherparts of the world,causing seve...African swine fever(ASF)is one of the most devastating diseasesin pigs and is caused by the ASF virus(ASFV).Since its firstdiscovery in 1921 in Kenya,ASFV has spread from Africa to otherparts of the world,causing severe economic losses to the porkindustry.Scientists have studied ASF for over 100 years,and manygovernments have tried to eradicate the disease.Nonetheless,approaches to effectively control ASF are still lacking.In recent years,ASF outbreaks have been reported in China,Belgium,Germany,Italyand many other Asian and European countries.Studies on this diseasehave gained new popularity.Under this background,we are organizingthe special issue“African swine fever”to collect the most recentknowledgeon this disease.展开更多
This study aims to explore the current application status and development prospects of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing and treating swine viral infectious diseases over the past five years.By adopting the method...This study aims to explore the current application status and development prospects of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing and treating swine viral infectious diseases over the past five years.By adopting the method of literature review,we collect,organize,and analyze relevant research literature,with the goal of summarizing and summarizing the research progress in this field.Through research,we found that swine infectious diseases have caused serious economic losses in the breeding industry and that some diseases cannot be fully protected by using vaccines.Therefore,we need new means to prevent diseases.The use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of related diseases has become a reliable means.This study first briefly introduces the common infectious diseases of pigs and the risks and challenges faced by prevention and treatment,then reads the literature comparing the treatment with Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine,proving the reliability of traditional Chinese medicine treatment and the unique advantages of Chinese herbal medicine.Afterwards,we summarized the literature on the prevention and treatment of related swine diseases with Chinese herbal medicine in the past five years,and finally made a summary and outlook,hoping to provide ideas for relevant researchers and workers.展开更多
[期刊],[1]张漫,顾宪红,陈小秋,等.我国兽药行业现状概述[J].中国猪业,2012,7(5):57-59.[2]Tremblay G F,Matte J J,Dufour J J,et al.Survival rate and development of fetuses during the first 30 days of gestation after folic ac...[期刊],[1]张漫,顾宪红,陈小秋,等.我国兽药行业现状概述[J].中国猪业,2012,7(5):57-59.[2]Tremblay G F,Matte J J,Dufour J J,et al.Survival rate and development of fetuses during the first 30 days of gestation after folic acid addition to a swine diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,1989,67(3):724-732.展开更多
Background Coronary microembolization （CME） is characterized by distal microvascular occlusion. However, the inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CME are largely unknown. Methods A total of 11 Guangxi ...Background Coronary microembolization （CME） is characterized by distal microvascular occlusion. However, the inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CME are largely unknown. Methods A total of 11 Guangxi Bama miniature swines were divided into two groups： sham （n = 5） and CME （n = 6）. Microspheres were injected into the left anterior descending artery of the CME group to make an animal model of CME. The expres- sions of microRNA-146a （miR-146a） and IRAK1, TRAF6, and AUF1 in the myocardium were detected by qPCR. Results In the CME group, microspheres, microinfarction, and inflammatory cell infiltration were found under an optical microscope. The expression levels of miR-146a were low in both groups. After CME, the expression levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, and AUF1 in the CME group were upregulated compared with those in the sham group （P 〈 0.01;P 〈 0.05;P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions AUF1, IRAK1 and TRAF6, but not miR-146a, could be involved, in myocardium inflammation following CME.展开更多
With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 ...With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country.It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.Atypical porcine pestivirus(APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province,China,in 2016,which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds,which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.Therefore,developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.In this study,three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV(5’ UTR),African swine fever virus(ASFV)(B646L),and APPV(5’ UTR),followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens(porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvovirus(PPV),and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).The sensitivity results showed that CSFV,ASFV,and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy μL–1;the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation of ASFV,CSFV,and APPV was less than 1%.Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR,compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF(GB/T 27540–2011),ASF(GB/T 18648–2020),and APPV(CN108611442A),respectively.The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV,ASFV,and APPV was almost the same,and the compliance results were the same(100%).A total of 451 clinical samples were detected,and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV were 0.22% (1/451),1.3%(6/451),and 0%(0/451),respectively.This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV.展开更多
Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by mod...Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.展开更多
Africanswinefever(ASF),causedbythe African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, hemorrhagic, and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease is notifiable and listed by the World Organization for ...Africanswinefever(ASF),causedbythe African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, hemorrhagic, and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease is notifiable and listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)(Wang N et al. 2019).展开更多
Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical trials.Rodents are the predominant animal model used in neurological re...Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical trials.Rodents are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans.As a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent models.Comparatively,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well studied.To achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of researchers.Non-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their accessibility.This review focuses on swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human primates.The objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal models.The PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional assessments.Findings were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment design.Swine and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using goats.The functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free walking.Data collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis software.Overall,swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple trials.Data collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust analysis.Future studies should be conducted to standardize functional testing methods after neurologic impairment in large animals.展开更多
Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiom...Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.展开更多
African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and m...African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and mortality(WOAH 2019). African swine fever virus(ASFV) can persist in pig farm environments, carcasses, and various pig products(Petrini et al. 2019). ASF has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry since its outbreak in China in 2018(Zhao et al. 2019).展开更多
This paper aims to optimize the culling compensation policy from a micro perspective through scenario simulation.Based on an investigation of 273 pig farms in eight regions,four typical pig farms were constructed acco...This paper aims to optimize the culling compensation policy from a micro perspective through scenario simulation.Based on an investigation of 273 pig farms in eight regions,four typical pig farms were constructed according to farm size and breeding mode,representing the swine producers in China.Besides,a decision objective function of pig farms facing suspected African swine fever(ASF)outbreaks was constructed.This study used a mathematical programming model to design and simulate scenarios based on compensation standards and local implementation levels,aiming to incentivize pig farms to report epidemics.The results show that the optimal decisions on epidemic reports differed among typical farms and by herd daily age.The results suggest the following adjustments for optimizing culling compensation policies:(1)to set culling compensation standards based on the market value and(2)to maintain a high level of epidemic surveillance capability in the animal husbandry and veterinary sector.展开更多
This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and labor...This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.The disease is distinguished with similar diseases,such as swine pox,porcine vesicular stomatitis,and swine vesicular disease.Finally,the prevention and control measures of the disease are proposed.展开更多
In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids （AAs）, fatty acids, inosine monophosphate （IMP） and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first ...In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids （AAs）, fatty acids, inosine monophosphate （IMP） and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first time. The formation mecha- nism of excellent features was analyzed from the aspects of physiological traits, ge- ographical environments and constraint reasons. Thereby, the outstanding features of Tibetan swine could be extended continuously, and the poor characteristics should be improved in the future.展开更多
[Objective] The B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus was predicted. [ Method] Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence and the flexible regions of VP73 protein, the B cell epitopes for...[Objective] The B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus was predicted. [ Method] Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence and the flexible regions of VP73 protein, the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus were predicted by method of Kyte-Doolittie, Emini and Jameson-Wolf. [Result] The B cell epitopes were located at or adjacent to the N-terminal No. 11 - 18,26 -48,73 -82,136 - 150,159 - 174,181 - 189,191 - 210,247 - 276,279 - 295,313 - 323 and 382 - 392. [Conclusion] The multi-parameters analytic method was adopted to predict the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus, which laid solid foundation for further characterizing the protein of VP73 and researching epitope vaccine.展开更多
In order to understand the incidence reasons in a scaled pig farm of Guizhou Province, the infected pigs were diagnosed with epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, pathological diagnosis, enzyme-linked i...In order to understand the incidence reasons in a scaled pig farm of Guizhou Province, the infected pigs were diagnosed with epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, pathological diagnosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, PCR/RT-PCR and bacterial isolation and identification. The results showed that the pigs were infected mixedly with classical swine fever virus （CSFV）, pseudorabies virus （PRV） and E. coli. Therefore, some measures should be adopted to control the incidence of CSF, PR and colibacillosis in the pig farm.展开更多
基金supported by Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(2023A04J0131)Special fund for scientific innovation strategyconstruction of high level Academy of Agriculture Science(R2020PY-JG009,R2022PY-QY007,202106TD)+2 种基金China Agriculture Research System-CARS-35the Project of Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System(2022KJ126)Special Fund for Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong(2023TS-3),China。
文摘Oxidative stress has been associated with a number of physiological problems in swine,including reduced production efficiency.Recently,although there has been increased research into regulatory mechanisms and antioxidant strategies in relation to oxidative stress-induced pig production,it remains so far largely unsuccessful to develop accurate models and nutritional strategies for specific oxidative stress factors.Here,we discuss the dose and dose intensity of the causes of oxidative stress involving physiological,environmental and dietary factors,recent research models and the antioxidant strategies to provide theoretical guidance for future oxidative stress research in swine.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFE0107300 and 2021YFD1800101)the Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(GA19B301)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(1610302022003)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF)continues to cause enormous economic loss to the global pig industry.Since there is no safe and effective vaccine,accurate and timely diagnosis of ASF is essential to implement control measures.Indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)is a gold standard serological method recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH).In this study,we used primary fetal kidney cells to establish a wild boar cell line(BK2258)that supported the efficient replication of ASF virus(ASFV)SD/DY-I/21 and showed visible cytopathic effect(CPE).Moreover,using BK2258,we established a sensitive and specific IFA for ASFV antibody detection.To standardize and evaluate the performance of this assay,we used serum samples from pigs infected with the low virulent genotype I SD/DY-I/21 and genotype II HLJ/HRB1/20,and immunized with the vaccine candidate HLJ/18-7GD,field samples,and negative serum samples.The IFA reacted with the ASFV-positive sera and displayed bright fluorescence foci.There was no non-specific green fluorescence due to cellular senescence or other cell damage-causing factors.Compared to a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(iELISA),ASFV antibodies were detected 1–4 days earlier using our IFA.The detection limits of the IFA and iELISA for the same ASFV-antibody positive serum samples were 1:25,600 and 1:6,400,respectively,indicating that the IFA is more sensitive than iELISA.The newly established IFA was highly specific and did not cross-react with sera positive for six other important porcine pathogens(i.e.,Classical swine fever virus(CSFV),Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),Porcme circovirus type 2(PCV2),Pseudorabies virus(PRV),Foot-and-Mouth disease virus type O(FMDV/O),and Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)).This study thus provides a sensitive,specific,and reliable detection method that is suitable for the serological diagnosis of ASF.
基金This study was partially supported by funds from the Agricultural Research,Education,Extension and Technology Transfer(AGREETT)and MNDrive Global Food Ventures Programs,both from the University of MinnesotaPartial funding was supplied by BioZyme,Inc,St.Joseph,Missouri,USA and New Fashion Pork,Jackson,MN,USA.
文摘Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare chal-lenges.These challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous counterparts.Little is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig microbiomes.Therefore,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic post-weaning.At weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu group.Conclusions Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance when combined with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu or for offspring of different maternal parity groups.These results indicate that the development of nursery pig gut microbiomes is shaped by maternal parity and potential interactions with the effects of dietary feed additives.
文摘African swine fever(ASF)is one of the most devastating diseasesin pigs and is caused by the ASF virus(ASFV).Since its firstdiscovery in 1921 in Kenya,ASFV has spread from Africa to otherparts of the world,causing severe economic losses to the porkindustry.Scientists have studied ASF for over 100 years,and manygovernments have tried to eradicate the disease.Nonetheless,approaches to effectively control ASF are still lacking.In recent years,ASF outbreaks have been reported in China,Belgium,Germany,Italyand many other Asian and European countries.Studies on this diseasehave gained new popularity.Under this background,we are organizingthe special issue“African swine fever”to collect the most recentknowledgeon this disease.
基金Thanks to Yan'an University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship project funding(D2022143).
文摘This study aims to explore the current application status and development prospects of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing and treating swine viral infectious diseases over the past five years.By adopting the method of literature review,we collect,organize,and analyze relevant research literature,with the goal of summarizing and summarizing the research progress in this field.Through research,we found that swine infectious diseases have caused serious economic losses in the breeding industry and that some diseases cannot be fully protected by using vaccines.Therefore,we need new means to prevent diseases.The use of Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of related diseases has become a reliable means.This study first briefly introduces the common infectious diseases of pigs and the risks and challenges faced by prevention and treatment,then reads the literature comparing the treatment with Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine,proving the reliability of traditional Chinese medicine treatment and the unique advantages of Chinese herbal medicine.Afterwards,we summarized the literature on the prevention and treatment of related swine diseases with Chinese herbal medicine in the past five years,and finally made a summary and outlook,hoping to provide ideas for relevant researchers and workers.
文摘[期刊],[1]张漫,顾宪红,陈小秋,等.我国兽药行业现状概述[J].中国猪业,2012,7(5):57-59.[2]Tremblay G F,Matte J J,Dufour J J,et al.Survival rate and development of fetuses during the first 30 days of gestation after folic acid addition to a swine diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,1989,67(3):724-732.
基金supported by Guangxi Province Medical Technology Research and Development Project(Grant No.S201303_01)Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi Medical University(No.GXMUYSF201213)
文摘Background Coronary microembolization （CME） is characterized by distal microvascular occlusion. However, the inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets of CME are largely unknown. Methods A total of 11 Guangxi Bama miniature swines were divided into two groups： sham （n = 5） and CME （n = 6）. Microspheres were injected into the left anterior descending artery of the CME group to make an animal model of CME. The expres- sions of microRNA-146a （miR-146a） and IRAK1, TRAF6, and AUF1 in the myocardium were detected by qPCR. Results In the CME group, microspheres, microinfarction, and inflammatory cell infiltration were found under an optical microscope. The expression levels of miR-146a were low in both groups. After CME, the expression levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, and AUF1 in the CME group were upregulated compared with those in the sham group （P 〈 0.01;P 〈 0.05;P 〈 0.05, respectively）. Conclusions AUF1, IRAK1 and TRAF6, but not miR-146a, could be involved, in myocardium inflammation following CME.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872484) to Zhang Qianyithe Non-profit Key Program of Veterinary Drug Industry from China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control (GY202011) to Xia Yingju。
文摘With the implementation of the C-strain vaccine,classical swine fever(CSF) has been under control in China,which is currently in a chronic atypical epidemic situation.African swine fever(ASF) emerged in China in 2018 and spread quickly across the country.It is presently occurring sporadically due to the lack of commercial vaccines and farmers’ increased awareness of biosafety.Atypical porcine pestivirus(APPV) was first detected in Guangdong Province,China,in 2016,which mainly harms piglets and has a local epidemic situation in southern China.These three diseases have similar clinical symptoms in pig herds,which cause considerable losses to the pig industry.They are difficult to be distinguished only by clinical diagnosis.Therefore,developing an early and accurate simultaneous detection and differential diagnosis of the diseases induced by these viruses is essential.In this study,three pairs of specific primers and Taq-man probes were designed from highly conserved genomic regions of CSFV(5’ UTR),African swine fever virus(ASFV)(B646L),and APPV(5’ UTR),followed by the optimization of reaction conditions to establish a multiplex real-time PCR detection assay.The results showed that the method did not cross-react with other swine pathogens(porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine parvovirus(PPV),and bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV).The sensitivity results showed that CSFV,ASFV,and APPV could be detected as low as 1 copy μL–1;the repeatability results showed that the intra-assay and interassay coefficient of variation of ASFV,CSFV,and APPV was less than 1%.Twenty-two virus samples were detected by the multiplex real-time PCR,compared with national standard diagnostic and patented method assay for CSF(GB/T 27540–2011),ASF(GB/T 18648–2020),and APPV(CN108611442A),respectively.The sensitivity of this triple real-time PCR for CSFV,ASFV,and APPV was almost the same,and the compliance results were the same(100%).A total of 451 clinical samples were detected,and the results showed that the positive rates of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV were 0.22% (1/451),1.3%(6/451),and 0%(0/451),respectively.This assay provides a valuale tool for rapid detection and accurate diagnosis of CSFV,ASFV,and APPV.
文摘Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021 YF D1800101 and 2019YFE0107300)the Applied Technology Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province, China (GA19B301)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (1610302022003)。
文摘Africanswinefever(ASF),causedbythe African swine fever virus (ASFV), is an acute, hemorrhagic, and contagious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars.The disease is notifiable and listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)(Wang N et al. 2019).
文摘Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical trials.Rodents are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans.As a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent models.Comparatively,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well studied.To achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of researchers.Non-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their accessibility.This review focuses on swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human primates.The objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal models.The PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional assessments.Findings were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment design.Swine and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using goats.The functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free walking.Data collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis software.Overall,swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple trials.Data collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust analysis.Future studies should be conducted to standardize functional testing methods after neurologic impairment in large animals.
基金supported by the Department of Animal Resources&Science through the Research Focused Department Promotion Project as a part of the University Innovation Support Program for Dankook University in 2022。
文摘Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning,environmental stressors,unhealthy diet,diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome.The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases.Therefore,the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity,robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations.Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system.In this review,we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota,factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health.Additionally,we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2600305 and 2021YFD1801405)。
文摘African swine fever(ASF) was first discovered and reported in East Africa in 1921 and it has been listed as a notifiable animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health(WOAH) due to the high morbidity and mortality(WOAH 2019). African swine fever virus(ASFV) can persist in pig farm environments, carcasses, and various pig products(Petrini et al. 2019). ASF has caused significant economic losses to the pig industry since its outbreak in China in 2018(Zhao et al. 2019).
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(10-IAED-RC-06-2022)。
文摘This paper aims to optimize the culling compensation policy from a micro perspective through scenario simulation.Based on an investigation of 273 pig farms in eight regions,four typical pig farms were constructed according to farm size and breeding mode,representing the swine producers in China.Besides,a decision objective function of pig farms facing suspected African swine fever(ASF)outbreaks was constructed.This study used a mathematical programming model to design and simulate scenarios based on compensation standards and local implementation levels,aiming to incentivize pig farms to report epidemics.The results show that the optimal decisions on epidemic reports differed among typical farms and by herd daily age.The results suggest the following adjustments for optimizing culling compensation policies:(1)to set culling compensation standards based on the market value and(2)to maintain a high level of epidemic surveillance capability in the animal husbandry and veterinary sector.
基金Supported by The Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(202204c06020009)The Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System(AHCYJXTX-05-13)The Platform Project of the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science(2024YL016).
文摘This paper introduces the characteristics of swine foot-and-mouth disease from the aspects of pathogen,epidemiology,clinical symptoms,and anatomical symptoms,and puts forward clinical comprehensive diagnosis and laboratory diagnostic methods.The disease is distinguished with similar diseases,such as swine pox,porcine vesicular stomatitis,and swine vesicular disease.Finally,the prevention and control measures of the disease are proposed.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program"Integration and Demonstration of Security Technology for Production-Ecosystem-Life in Key Pastoral Areas"(2012BAD13B00)National Science and Technology Support Program"In-tegration and Demonstration of Optimized Security Technology for Production-Ecosystem-Life in the Pastoral Area of Northwest Sichuan"(2012BAD13B06)~~
文摘In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids （AAs）, fatty acids, inosine monophosphate （IMP） and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first time. The formation mecha- nism of excellent features was analyzed from the aspects of physiological traits, ge- ographical environments and constraint reasons. Thereby, the outstanding features of Tibetan swine could be extended continuously, and the poor characteristics should be improved in the future.
文摘[Objective] The B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus was predicted. [ Method] Based on the analysis of the amino acid sequence and the flexible regions of VP73 protein, the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus were predicted by method of Kyte-Doolittie, Emini and Jameson-Wolf. [Result] The B cell epitopes were located at or adjacent to the N-terminal No. 11 - 18,26 -48,73 -82,136 - 150,159 - 174,181 - 189,191 - 210,247 - 276,279 - 295,313 - 323 and 382 - 392. [Conclusion] The multi-parameters analytic method was adopted to predict the B cell epitopes for VP73 protein of African swine fever virus, which laid solid foundation for further characterizing the protein of VP73 and researching epitope vaccine.
文摘In order to understand the incidence reasons in a scaled pig farm of Guizhou Province, the infected pigs were diagnosed with epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, pathological diagnosis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, PCR/RT-PCR and bacterial isolation and identification. The results showed that the pigs were infected mixedly with classical swine fever virus （CSFV）, pseudorabies virus （PRV） and E. coli. Therefore, some measures should be adopted to control the incidence of CSF, PR and colibacillosis in the pig farm.
