<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Cerebral palsy is the m...<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Cerebral palsy is the most common chronic motor disability that begins in childhood with the predominant motor abnormality</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is spasticity</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral baclofen and oral tizanidine in reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2010 to December 2011 and it was carried out in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Pediatrics at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh and Center for Neurodevelopment and Autism in Children (CNAC) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A total number of 70 cerebral palsy children were recruited for this study of which 35 patients were in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tizanidine</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group and 35 patients were in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">baclofen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 70 cerebral palsy children were taken as control who were treated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">placebo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Tizanidine had superior efficacy in reducing tone in spastic cerebral palsy over baclofen measured by using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Modified</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ashworth scale in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">different</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">time period</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from AS score-3 to score-2 (p < 0.05). Tizanidine was also superior in joint angle improvement in spastic cerebral palsy measured by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">physician</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> rating scale from AS score-3 to score-2 (crouch p < 0.0001) and foot contact from AS score-3 to score-2 (p < 0.0001);but no statistically significant improvement in gross motor function. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Adverse</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effect </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">baclofen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: For reducing generalized spasticity with regards to muscle tone, joint angle </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> improvement in gait in cerebral palsy patients, tizanidine has superior efficacy and less adverse effects than baclofen.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
Tizanidine hydrochloride(THCl)is an antispasmodic agent which undergoes extensive first pass metabolism making it a possible candidate for buccal delivery.The aim of this study was to prepare a monolayered buccal patc...Tizanidine hydrochloride(THCl)is an antispasmodic agent which undergoes extensive first pass metabolism making it a possible candidate for buccal delivery.The aim of this study was to prepare a monolayered buccal patch containing THCl using the emulsification solvent evaporation method.Fourteen formulations were prepared using the polymers Eudragit■ RS 100 or EudragitB RL 100 and chitosan.Polymer solutions in acetone were combined with a THCl aqueous solution(in some cases containing chitosan)by homogenization at 9000 rpm for 2 min in the presence of triethyl citrate as plasticizer and cast in novel Teflon molds.Physicochemical properties such as film thickness,in vitro drug release and in vitro mucoadhesion were evaluated after which permeation across sheep buccal mucosa was examined in terms of flux and lag time.Formulations prepared using a Eudragit■polymer alone exhibited sa tisfactory physicomechanical properties but lacked a gradual in vitro drug release pattern.Incorporation of chitosan into formulations resulted in the formation of a porous structure which did exhibit gradual release of drug.In conclusion,THCl can be delivered by a buccal patch formulated as a blend of Eudragit■ and chitosan,the latter being necessary to achieve gradual drug release.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Cerebral palsy is the most common chronic motor disability that begins in childhood with the predominant motor abnormality</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> that</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is spasticity</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral baclofen and oral tizanidine in reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy patients. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">This randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2010 to December 2011 and it was carried out in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Pediatrics at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh and Center for Neurodevelopment and Autism in Children (CNAC) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A total number of 70 cerebral palsy children were recruited for this study of which 35 patients were in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tizanidine</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group and 35 patients were in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">baclofen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Furthermore</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 70 cerebral palsy children were taken as control who were treated with </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">placebo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Tizanidine had superior efficacy in reducing tone in spastic cerebral palsy over baclofen measured by using </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Modified</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Ashworth scale in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">different</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">time period</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from AS score-3 to score-2 (p < 0.05). Tizanidine was also superior in joint angle improvement in spastic cerebral palsy measured by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">physician</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> rating scale from AS score-3 to score-2 (crouch p < 0.0001) and foot contact from AS score-3 to score-2 (p < 0.0001);but no statistically significant improvement in gross motor function. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Adverse</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> effect </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">baclofen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> group. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: For reducing generalized spasticity with regards to muscle tone, joint angle </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> improvement in gait in cerebral palsy patients, tizanidine has superior efficacy and less adverse effects than baclofen.</span></span></span></span>
文摘Tizanidine hydrochloride(THCl)is an antispasmodic agent which undergoes extensive first pass metabolism making it a possible candidate for buccal delivery.The aim of this study was to prepare a monolayered buccal patch containing THCl using the emulsification solvent evaporation method.Fourteen formulations were prepared using the polymers Eudragit■ RS 100 or EudragitB RL 100 and chitosan.Polymer solutions in acetone were combined with a THCl aqueous solution(in some cases containing chitosan)by homogenization at 9000 rpm for 2 min in the presence of triethyl citrate as plasticizer and cast in novel Teflon molds.Physicochemical properties such as film thickness,in vitro drug release and in vitro mucoadhesion were evaluated after which permeation across sheep buccal mucosa was examined in terms of flux and lag time.Formulations prepared using a Eudragit■polymer alone exhibited sa tisfactory physicomechanical properties but lacked a gradual in vitro drug release pattern.Incorporation of chitosan into formulations resulted in the formation of a porous structure which did exhibit gradual release of drug.In conclusion,THCl can be delivered by a buccal patch formulated as a blend of Eudragit■ and chitosan,the latter being necessary to achieve gradual drug release.
