Objective:To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Daodi Tongguan Decoction on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian failure.Methods:Forty SD female rats with regular estrous cycle were randomly divided...Objective:To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Daodi Tongguan Decoction on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian failure.Methods:Forty SD female rats with regular estrous cycle were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the positive group(Bujiale 0.099 mg/kg),the Daodigitongguan decoction high-dose group(1.4 g/100 g)and the Daodigitongguan decoction medium-dose group(0.7 g/100 g).The model group,positive group,Daodi Tongguan Decoction high-dose group and Daodi Tongguan decoction medium-dose group were given Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets suspension(50 mg/kg)by continuous gavage for 14 days to establish a rat model of premature ovarian failure.After the modeling,each group was given the corresponding intervention agent for 28 consecutive days.After the intervention,serum and ovarian tissue were collected from rats in each group.The morphological structure of rat ovarian tissue was observed after HE staining.Serum AMH level was determined by ELISA.The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and VEGF in ovarian tissue were detected by IHC.The apoptosis of granulosa cells in ovary was observed by TUNEL.Results:Compared to the normal group,the growth follicles in the model group were reduced and the atretic follicles were increased.Serum AMH level was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The expression of Bax protein in ovarian tissue was increased(P<0.01).The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and VEGF were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue was increased(P<0.01).Compared to the molding group,the serum AMH level in the TCM dose groups was increased to varying degrees,and the change of the AMH in high-dose group was the most significant(P<0.05).The expression of Bax protein in ovarian tissue decreased(P<0.05),while the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF protein increased(P<0.05,P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue was decreased in the high dose group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Daodi Tongguan Decoction can improve the histological morphology of ovary and relieve ovarian injury,and its mechanism may be related to improving the sex hormone level of POF model rats,reducing the expression level of Bax protein in ovarian tissue,increasing the expression level of Bcl-2 and VEGF protein in ovarian tissue,and reducing the apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue.展开更多
This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene co...This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene constitution of blood protein and nonprotein types of Tong sheep. Twelve genetic markers were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Polymorphism in Tong sheep was found at the following 10 loci, transferrin （Tf）, alkaline phosphatase （Alp）, leucine aminopeptidase （Lap）, arylesterase （Ary-Es）, hemoglobin-β （Hb-β）, X-protein （X-p）, carbonic anhydrase （CA）, catalase （Cat）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, and lysine （Ly）, whereas, albumin （A1） and postalbumin （Po） loci were monomorphic. Genetic approach degree method and phylogenetic relationship clustering method were used to judge the origin and phylogenetic status of Tong sheep. Results from both methods maintained that Tong sheep belonged to the ＂Mongolia group＂, and Mongolia sheep was the origin of Tong sheep. This was also supported by the history of Tong sheep breeding. Compared to the phylogenetic relationship clustering method, the genetic approach degree method was more reliable for the extraction from East and South of Central Asia, and was more effective in reflecting the breeding course of Tong sheep.展开更多
As the first works of Chinese grammar, "Ma Shi Wen Tong" has epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese grammar. It marks that Chinese grammar study has become an independent science. This research ...As the first works of Chinese grammar, "Ma Shi Wen Tong" has epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese grammar. It marks that Chinese grammar study has become an independent science. This research intends to generalize "Wen Tong".展开更多
Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(C...Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(Chuan Mu Tong)and Mutong.After the event of"Longdan Xiegan pill",the doctor made Chuanmu general taboo,or replaced it with other drugs,or did not dare to use it for a long time,which affected the clinical effect.This paper discusses the toxicity of Mutong.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)in lung injury during acutenecrotizing pancreatitis(ANP),and thetherapeutic effect of'Tong Xia'purgativemethod in minimizing the severity of lung injury....AIM To investigate the role of tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)in lung injury during acutenecrotizing pancreatitis(ANP),and thetherapeutic effect of'Tong Xia'purgativemethod in minimizing the severity of lung injury.METHODS Fourteen canines were randomlydivided into 3 groups:the'Tong Xia'treatmentgroup(n = 5)using Dachengqitang;salinecontrol group(n = 5),and the sham operationgroup(n = 4).TNF activity in serum and inbronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the serumendotoxin levels were measured,and theseverity of lung injury evaluated.RESULTS Elevation of TNF activity was moreprominent in BALF than in serum.TNF activity inserum at 6 and 12 hours and in BALI:wassignificantly decreased in the'Tong Xia'treatment group than in the saline control one(q=21.11,q=12.07,q=9.03,respectively,P【0.01)and the lung injury was significantlyalleviated at 12 hours as compared with that inthe saline group,manifested as amelioration otthe lung wet/ dry weight ratio,decrease inprotein concentration and neutrophils count inBALF,and improvement of pulmonaryinflammatory changes.A positive correlationwas demonstrated between serum TNF activity and endotoxin level.CONCLUSION Hypersecretion of TNF is shownto be one of the major causes of lung injuryduring ANP;'Tong Xia'purgative method couldalleviate the degree of lung injury mediated byTNF.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1...AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointesti...BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.展开更多
To compare meiofaunal community in the two mangrove wetlands in Tong＇an Bay, Xiamen, China, and probe the response of meiofauna to high organic matter, sampling was carried out in Fenglin and Xiang＇an mangrove wetla...To compare meiofaunal community in the two mangrove wetlands in Tong＇an Bay, Xiamen, China, and probe the response of meiofauna to high organic matter, sampling was carried out in Fenglin and Xiang＇an mangrove wetlands in the bay. The results showed that the Ne/Co ratio （nematode to benthic copepod） and organic matter in Fenglin mangrove wetland were higher than those in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland. The meiofaunal abundance in Fenglin mangrove was all lower than that in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland in summer, autumn and spring, while the meiofaunal abundance in Fenglin mangrove was higher than that in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland in winter. Two-way ANOVA results showed that the meiofaunal abundance and nematode abundance were significantly different between regions, seasons and regionxseason. With all the results in the present study, we confirmed that the positive response of meiofaunal and nematode abundance were only detected for medium organic matter contents according to the Xiang＇an wetland＇s level, and that the distribution of meiofaunal abundance would be influenced by sand content. Higher copepod abundance and lower N/C value usually suggest better environmental quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not wel...BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.展开更多
Studies on secondary production lead to a better understanding of the functions of the macrobenthic ecosystem.Basedon the macrobenthic data obtained at 6 sampling stations from April 2006 to January 2007,Brey's(19...Studies on secondary production lead to a better understanding of the functions of the macrobenthic ecosystem.Basedon the macrobenthic data obtained at 6 sampling stations from April 2006 to January 2007,Brey's(1990)empirical formula wasapplied to calculate the secondary production of macrobenthos in the mangrove area of Tong'an Bay.The results showed that themean annual secondary production of macrobenthos was 13.24 gAFDWm-2-a-1.The mean secondary production in the mangrovehabitat was 12.22 gAFDWm-2-a-1,lower than that in the non-mangrove habitat,which was 15.29 gAFDWm-2-a-1.Two possible rea-sons existed for this difference.First,mollusk and crustacean,which contribute more to the secondary production,probably benefitfrom longer inundation period in the non-mangrove habitat.Second,the higher organic matter in the mangrove habitat results in hy-poxia in the bottom sediment,which may decrease the secondary production.The annual mean production-to-biomass(P/B)ratio inTong'an Bay was 1.17,with a ratio of 1.27 in the mangrove habitat and 0.96 in the non-mangrove habitat,which was coincident withthe much higher density of Limnodriloides sp.and Corophium sp.in the mangrove habitat than in the non-mangrove habitat.Themaximum secondary production and P/B ratio of macrobenthos both appeared at sampling station FL2 in April,2006(namelyApril-FL2)with values of 31.38 gAFDWm-2-a-1and 2.20,respectively.The macrobenthic secondary production in Tong'an Bay islower than those in other intertidal studies except that in Haitan Strait,the reason being the different sediment properties.The P/Bratio in Tong'an Bay was the lowest due to the high proportion of crustaceans in the macrobenthic community.展开更多
AIM To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-receptor(R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang(TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and...AIM To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-receptor(R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang(TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and regulation.METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3%(w/v) DSS for 7 d. Once the model was established,mice were administered urocortin-2(30 μg/kg), a peptide which binds exclusively to CRH-R2, or various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts(2.8-11.2 g/kg), a CRH-R2 antagonist Astressin(Ast)2B(20 μg/kg), Ast2B + Ucn2, or Ast2B with various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts for 9 d. Colonic mucosal permeability was then evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity in serum. The colitis disease activity index(DAI), histology, body weight loss and colon length were assessed to evaluate the condition of colitis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. The expression level of Ki-67 represented the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of inflammation cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL-1 were examined in colon tissues using real-time PCR and ELISA kits.RESULTS Compared with the DSS group, mice treated with the CRH-R2 antagonist Ast2B showed greater loss of body weight, shorter colon lengths(4.90 ± 0.32 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.05), and higher DAI(3.61 ± 0.53 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and histological scores(11.50 ± 1.05 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Additionally, the Ast2B group showed increased intestinal permeability(2.76 ± 0.11 μg/mL vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), improved secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue, and reduced colonic epithelial cell proliferation(4.97 ± 4.25 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.05). Increased apoptosis(1422.39 ± 90.71 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.001) was also demonstrated. The Ucn2 group demonstrated lower DAI(0.87 ± 0.55 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) and histological scores(4.33 ± 1.50 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Diminished weight loss, longer colon length(9.58 ± 0.62 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.001), reduced intestinal permeability(0.75 ± 0.07 vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation(90.04 ± 15.50 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.01) were all observed. Reduced apoptosis(149.55 ± 21.68 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.05) was also observed. However, significant statistical differences in the results of the Ast2 B group and Ast2 B + Ucn2 group were observed. TXYF was also found to ameliorate symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and to promote mucosal repair like Ucn2. There were significant differences between the Ast2B + TXYF groups and the TXYF groups.CONCLUSION CRH-R2 activates the intestinal mucosal antiinflammatory response by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in colitisinduced mice, and plays an important antiinflammatory role. TXYF promotes mucosal repair in colitis mice by regulating CRH-R2.展开更多
The Chinese herbal formula Tongluo fiunao, containing the active components Panax notogin- seng and Gardenia jasminoides, has recently been patented and is in use clinically. It is known to be neuroprotective in cereb...The Chinese herbal formula Tongluo fiunao, containing the active components Panax notogin- seng and Gardenia jasminoides, has recently been patented and is in use clinically. It is known to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia, but the underlying pathway remains poorly understood. In the present study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and administered Tongluo Jiunao, a positive control （Xuesai Tong, containing Panax notoginseng） or saline intraperitoneally to investigate the pathway involved in the action of TongIuo fiunao injection. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining showed that the cerebral infarct area was significantly smaller in model rats that received Tongluo fiunao than in those that received saline. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed significantly greater expression of neurotrophin 3 and growth-associated protein 43 in ischemic cerebral tissue, and serum levels of neurotrophin 3, in the Tongluo Jiunao group than in the saline group. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining showed that after treatment with Tongluo fiunao or Xuesai Tong, tropomyosin-related kinase C gene expression and immunoreactivity were significantly elevated compared with saline, with the greatest expression observed after Tongluo Jiunao treatment. These findings suggest that Tongluo Jiunao injection exerts a neuroprotective effect in rats with cerebral ischemia by activating the neurotrophin 3/ tropomyosin-related kinase C pathway.展开更多
Objective To observe the effects of Zhuang Gu Zhi Tong Formula (ZGZTF) on antagonist SOST in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Methods We analyzed the differential genes of patients with oste...Objective To observe the effects of Zhuang Gu Zhi Tong Formula (ZGZTF) on antagonist SOST in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Methods We analyzed the differential genes of patients with osteoporosis and normal subjects from the GEO database and then found SOST with specific expression. We analyzed SOST as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Then we studied the effect of ZGZTF on SOST in Wnt signaling pathway. Osteoporosis model was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in 8-week-old female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. After 12 weeks of treatment with ZGZTF by intragastric administration, the rats were put to death in batch. The changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gla protein (BGP) and estradiol (E2) in serum were determined, and bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphology of right femur were observed. Biomechanics of lumbar vertebra were measured, and the expression of SOST, Wnt3a,β-catenin, LRP5, Runx2, Osx and their mRNA involving the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by Western blot, RT-PCR and Immunohistochemical analysis. All data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results Twelve weeks of treatment with ZGZTF could significantly decrease the level of ALP and BGP in serum, increase the BMD of femurs, and improve the biomechanical capability of vertebral body in maximum loading and elastic modulus. Concerning histomorphology, we found ordered arrangement of trabeculae, slightly thinning of trabeculae and none obvious slight fractures in femurs after 12 weeks of treatment with ZGZTF. The expression of LRP5,β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx involved in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly up-regulated in the presence of ZGZTF,and the expression of SOST in this pathway was down-regulated. Conclusions These results suggest that ZGZTF may be antiosteoporosis by down-regulating SOST protein to promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Xin Hui Tong Formula (XHTF) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) by using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods The targets network ...Objective To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Xin Hui Tong Formula (XHTF) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) by using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods The targets network of CHD was constructed through Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD) and Drugbank database;The XHTF pharmacodynamic molecule-targets network and the XHTF pharmacodynamic molecule-CHD targets network were explored by the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). And the multi-targets mechanism and molecular regulation network of XHTF in the treatment of CHD were explored from multiple perspectives by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathway enrichment analysis. Results A total of 88 CHD targets were screened out through the Therapeutic Targets and the Drugbank database. 393 compounds and corresponding 205 drug targets of XHTF were retrieved from TCMSP. A total of 13 known targets directly related to the development of CHD were retrieved from the disease-related databases: TP53, MAPK14, NFKB1, HSPA5, PLG, PTGS2, ADRB1, NOS2, CYP3A4, GRIA2, CYP2A6, GRIA1, PTGS1. XHTF also contained 118 drug targets that directly interact with CHD targets. GO enrichment analysis showed that the biological processes of 13 direct targets proteins were found to be mainly enriched in response to drug, cellular response to biotic stimulus, long-chain fatty acid metabolic process, fatty acid metabolic process and regulation of blood pressure. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that XHTF participated in the CHD pathological process mainly through retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, cAMP signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis and other pathways. Conclusions XHTF plays a role in the treatment of CHD through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and provides a scientific basis for the theory of "virtual standard" in the treatment of CHD.展开更多
The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae（Gegen）,salvia miltiorrhiza（Danshen）,radix curcuma（Jianghuang）,hawthorn（Shanzha）,salvia chinensis（Shijianchuan）,sinapis alba（Baiji...The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae（Gegen）,salvia miltiorrhiza（Danshen）,radix curcuma（Jianghuang）,hawthorn（Shanzha）,salvia chinensis（Shijianchuan）,sinapis alba（Baijiezi）,astragalus（Huangqi）,panax japonicas（Zhujieshen）,atractylodes macrocephala koidz（Baizhu）,radix paeoniae alba（Baishao）,bupleurum（Chaihu）,chrysanthemum（Juhua）,rhizoma cyperi（Xiangfu） and gastrodin（Tianma）,whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes.ShuanTong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular dementia.Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells.However,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood.Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced.The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores.Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side.In addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax.Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1（SIRT1） inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above changes.These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction(TQHXD)on the bloodbrain barrier(BBB)permeability and the expressions of related proteins on the rats;and to analyse the constituents in the cerebrospina...OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction(TQHXD)on the bloodbrain barrier(BBB)permeability and the expressions of related proteins on the rats;and to analyse the constituents in the cerebrospinal fluid on the rats with cerebral ischemic injury.METHODS Cerebral ischemia rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Adult male sprague-dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into seven groups:sham-group;model group;nimodipine(NMP)-treated group and nao mai tai(NMT)-treated group were set as positive drug control groups;TQHXD-treated group(3,6 and 12g·kg-1body weight);The neurological function of rats was estimated by neurological defect scoring after the 1,7and 15 dafter administration.Histological structure of the brain in rats were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Ultramicrostructural features of hippocampus neurons and the opening of tight junction(TJ)of BBB in rats were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,AQP-4 and MMP-9 in BBB after cerebral ischemia injury.Component analysis experiments:adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:Distilled water was administered intragastrically sham-operated rats;Distilled water was administered intragastrically model rats by MCAO;TQHXD was administered intragatrically to rats in sham-operated group;TQHXD was administered intragestrically to rats in model group by MCAO.GC and HPLC was used to detect three compounds,namely,muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A,in rats cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)after oral administration of TQHXD.Finally,samples of cerebrospinal fluid of rats in each group were compared with single medicine so as to explicit the three compounds come from which herb.RESULTS TQHXD significantly reduced the neurological defect scores.Histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons had been seen in TQHXD-treated rats.TEM observation revealed that TQHXD could significantly inhibit the damage of hippocampal neurons and reduce the opening of TJ.The decreased protein expression levels of claudin-5,occludin,ZO-1 and the increased protein expression levels of AQP-4 and MMP-9in cerebral ischemia tissue were significantly prevented by treatment of TQHXD.Analysis of experimental results showed that muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A could penetrate the BBB into the CSF,and the content of the model group was lower than that of sham group after intragastric administration of TQHXD.CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that TQHXD may act as a potential neuroprotective agent against BBB damage for cerebral ischemia through protecting of hippocampus neurons,reducing the opening of TJ and decreasing the permeability of BBB by up-regulating ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5 expressions,down-regulating AQP-4 and MMP-9 expressions.The effect of TQHXD on the decrease of the opening of TJ also reduced the content of muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A in cerebrospinal fluid.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81360594)Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Development Special Fund Project‑Luo Zhijuan Guangxi Famous Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Studio Construction Project(No.[2022]2)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Daodi Tongguan Decoction on ovarian function in rats with premature ovarian failure.Methods:Forty SD female rats with regular estrous cycle were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the positive group(Bujiale 0.099 mg/kg),the Daodigitongguan decoction high-dose group(1.4 g/100 g)and the Daodigitongguan decoction medium-dose group(0.7 g/100 g).The model group,positive group,Daodi Tongguan Decoction high-dose group and Daodi Tongguan decoction medium-dose group were given Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets suspension(50 mg/kg)by continuous gavage for 14 days to establish a rat model of premature ovarian failure.After the modeling,each group was given the corresponding intervention agent for 28 consecutive days.After the intervention,serum and ovarian tissue were collected from rats in each group.The morphological structure of rat ovarian tissue was observed after HE staining.Serum AMH level was determined by ELISA.The expressions of Bcl-2,Bax and VEGF in ovarian tissue were detected by IHC.The apoptosis of granulosa cells in ovary was observed by TUNEL.Results:Compared to the normal group,the growth follicles in the model group were reduced and the atretic follicles were increased.Serum AMH level was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The expression of Bax protein in ovarian tissue was increased(P<0.01).The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and VEGF were decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue was increased(P<0.01).Compared to the molding group,the serum AMH level in the TCM dose groups was increased to varying degrees,and the change of the AMH in high-dose group was the most significant(P<0.05).The expression of Bax protein in ovarian tissue decreased(P<0.05),while the expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF protein increased(P<0.05,P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue was decreased in the high dose group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Daodi Tongguan Decoction can improve the histological morphology of ovary and relieve ovarian injury,and its mechanism may be related to improving the sex hormone level of POF model rats,reducing the expression level of Bax protein in ovarian tissue,increasing the expression level of Bcl-2 and VEGF protein in ovarian tissue,and reducing the apoptosis rate of follicular granulosa cells in ovarian tissue.
基金the International Cooperation Item of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30213009, 30310103007, 30410103150)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK2007556)+1 种基金Basic Natura Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities Jiangsu Province (No. NK051039) the New Century Talent Project of Yangzhou University in China.
文摘This study is based on the Tong sheep obtained by the random sampling method of typical colonies in the central area of Baishui County in Shaanxi Province, China. An investigation was undertaken to clarify the gene constitution of blood protein and nonprotein types of Tong sheep. Twelve genetic markers were examined by starch-gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Polymorphism in Tong sheep was found at the following 10 loci, transferrin （Tf）, alkaline phosphatase （Alp）, leucine aminopeptidase （Lap）, arylesterase （Ary-Es）, hemoglobin-β （Hb-β）, X-protein （X-p）, carbonic anhydrase （CA）, catalase （Cat）, malate dehydrogenase （MDH）, and lysine （Ly）, whereas, albumin （A1） and postalbumin （Po） loci were monomorphic. Genetic approach degree method and phylogenetic relationship clustering method were used to judge the origin and phylogenetic status of Tong sheep. Results from both methods maintained that Tong sheep belonged to the ＂Mongolia group＂, and Mongolia sheep was the origin of Tong sheep. This was also supported by the history of Tong sheep breeding. Compared to the phylogenetic relationship clustering method, the genetic approach degree method was more reliable for the extraction from East and South of Central Asia, and was more effective in reflecting the breeding course of Tong sheep.
文摘As the first works of Chinese grammar, "Ma Shi Wen Tong" has epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese grammar. It marks that Chinese grammar study has become an independent science. This research intends to generalize "Wen Tong".
文摘Mutong is a kind of medicine for promoting water circulation and drenching.There are many kinds of Aristolochia manshuriensis(Guan Mu Tong),which are commonly used in clinic,such as Mutong,Caulis Clematidis Armandii(Chuan Mu Tong)and Mutong.After the event of"Longdan Xiegan pill",the doctor made Chuanmu general taboo,or replaced it with other drugs,or did not dare to use it for a long time,which affected the clinical effect.This paper discusses the toxicity of Mutong.
基金the"8th 5-year Plan"of National Administration Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy,No.H09301
文摘AIM To investigate the role of tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)in lung injury during acutenecrotizing pancreatitis(ANP),and thetherapeutic effect of'Tong Xia'purgativemethod in minimizing the severity of lung injury.METHODS Fourteen canines were randomlydivided into 3 groups:the'Tong Xia'treatmentgroup(n = 5)using Dachengqitang;salinecontrol group(n = 5),and the sham operationgroup(n = 4).TNF activity in serum and inbronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the serumendotoxin levels were measured,and theseverity of lung injury evaluated.RESULTS Elevation of TNF activity was moreprominent in BALF than in serum.TNF activity inserum at 6 and 12 hours and in BALI:wassignificantly decreased in the'Tong Xia'treatment group than in the saline control one(q=21.11,q=12.07,q=9.03,respectively,P【0.01)and the lung injury was significantlyalleviated at 12 hours as compared with that inthe saline group,manifested as amelioration otthe lung wet/ dry weight ratio,decrease inprotein concentration and neutrophils count inBALF,and improvement of pulmonaryinflammatory changes.A positive correlationwas demonstrated between serum TNF activity and endotoxin level.CONCLUSION Hypersecretion of TNF is shownto be one of the major causes of lung injuryduring ANP;'Tong Xia'purgative method couldalleviate the degree of lung injury mediated byTNF.
基金Supported by National Education Department"ChunHui Plan"Research Projects,No.Z2010021China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project,No.2013M531079+2 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Funding Project,No.LBH-Z12246Heilongjiang Education Department Scientific Research Project,No.12521502excellent Innovative Talents Support Program Funding of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(Outstanding Young Academic Leaders),No.051217
文摘AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573870the Eighth Special Subsidy Project of China Post Doctoral Science Foundation,No.2015T80376+4 种基金Postdoctoral Science Research Developmental Foundation of China,No.2013M531079National Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.H2015020Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Outstanding Innovative Talents Support Project(Outstanding Young Academic Leaders),Postdoctoral Science-Research Developmental Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.LBHQ12009Youth Academic Backbone Fund of Heilongjiang Province Education Department,No.1253G053Youth Science and Technology Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Heilongjiang Province,No.ZQG-034
文摘BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41176089)supported by WEL(abbreviation of Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems,Ministry of Education)Visiting Fellowship Program from Xiamen University
文摘To compare meiofaunal community in the two mangrove wetlands in Tong＇an Bay, Xiamen, China, and probe the response of meiofauna to high organic matter, sampling was carried out in Fenglin and Xiang＇an mangrove wetlands in the bay. The results showed that the Ne/Co ratio （nematode to benthic copepod） and organic matter in Fenglin mangrove wetland were higher than those in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland. The meiofaunal abundance in Fenglin mangrove was all lower than that in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland in summer, autumn and spring, while the meiofaunal abundance in Fenglin mangrove was higher than that in Xiang＇an mangrove wetland in winter. Two-way ANOVA results showed that the meiofaunal abundance and nematode abundance were significantly different between regions, seasons and regionxseason. With all the results in the present study, we confirmed that the positive response of meiofaunal and nematode abundance were only detected for medium organic matter contents according to the Xiang＇an wetland＇s level, and that the distribution of meiofaunal abundance would be influenced by sand content. Higher copepod abundance and lower N/C value usually suggest better environmental quality.
基金Supported by the Start-up Fund from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.1000061020044
文摘BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.
文摘Studies on secondary production lead to a better understanding of the functions of the macrobenthic ecosystem.Basedon the macrobenthic data obtained at 6 sampling stations from April 2006 to January 2007,Brey's(1990)empirical formula wasapplied to calculate the secondary production of macrobenthos in the mangrove area of Tong'an Bay.The results showed that themean annual secondary production of macrobenthos was 13.24 gAFDWm-2-a-1.The mean secondary production in the mangrovehabitat was 12.22 gAFDWm-2-a-1,lower than that in the non-mangrove habitat,which was 15.29 gAFDWm-2-a-1.Two possible rea-sons existed for this difference.First,mollusk and crustacean,which contribute more to the secondary production,probably benefitfrom longer inundation period in the non-mangrove habitat.Second,the higher organic matter in the mangrove habitat results in hy-poxia in the bottom sediment,which may decrease the secondary production.The annual mean production-to-biomass(P/B)ratio inTong'an Bay was 1.17,with a ratio of 1.27 in the mangrove habitat and 0.96 in the non-mangrove habitat,which was coincident withthe much higher density of Limnodriloides sp.and Corophium sp.in the mangrove habitat than in the non-mangrove habitat.Themaximum secondary production and P/B ratio of macrobenthos both appeared at sampling station FL2 in April,2006(namelyApril-FL2)with values of 31.38 gAFDWm-2-a-1and 2.20,respectively.The macrobenthic secondary production in Tong'an Bay islower than those in other intertidal studies except that in Haitan Strait,the reason being the different sediment properties.The P/Bratio in Tong'an Bay was the lowest due to the high proportion of crustaceans in the macrobenthic community.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473506Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY13H030011 and No.LY17H290009+2 种基金State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province,No.2013ZB050Department of Zhejiang Province to Build Funded Project,No.WKJ-ZJ-1531Zhejiang TCM Science and Technology Project,No.2016ZB047,No.2017ZA056 and No.2018ZB046
文摘AIM To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-receptor(R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang(TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and regulation.METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3%(w/v) DSS for 7 d. Once the model was established,mice were administered urocortin-2(30 μg/kg), a peptide which binds exclusively to CRH-R2, or various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts(2.8-11.2 g/kg), a CRH-R2 antagonist Astressin(Ast)2B(20 μg/kg), Ast2B + Ucn2, or Ast2B with various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts for 9 d. Colonic mucosal permeability was then evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity in serum. The colitis disease activity index(DAI), histology, body weight loss and colon length were assessed to evaluate the condition of colitis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. The expression level of Ki-67 represented the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of inflammation cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL-1 were examined in colon tissues using real-time PCR and ELISA kits.RESULTS Compared with the DSS group, mice treated with the CRH-R2 antagonist Ast2B showed greater loss of body weight, shorter colon lengths(4.90 ± 0.32 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.05), and higher DAI(3.61 ± 0.53 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and histological scores(11.50 ± 1.05 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Additionally, the Ast2B group showed increased intestinal permeability(2.76 ± 0.11 μg/mL vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), improved secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue, and reduced colonic epithelial cell proliferation(4.97 ± 4.25 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.05). Increased apoptosis(1422.39 ± 90.71 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.001) was also demonstrated. The Ucn2 group demonstrated lower DAI(0.87 ± 0.55 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) and histological scores(4.33 ± 1.50 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Diminished weight loss, longer colon length(9.58 ± 0.62 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.001), reduced intestinal permeability(0.75 ± 0.07 vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation(90.04 ± 15.50 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.01) were all observed. Reduced apoptosis(149.55 ± 21.68 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.05) was also observed. However, significant statistical differences in the results of the Ast2 B group and Ast2 B + Ucn2 group were observed. TXYF was also found to ameliorate symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and to promote mucosal repair like Ucn2. There were significant differences between the Ast2B + TXYF groups and the TXYF groups.CONCLUSION CRH-R2 activates the intestinal mucosal antiinflammatory response by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in colitisinduced mice, and plays an important antiinflammatory role. TXYF promotes mucosal repair in colitis mice by regulating CRH-R2.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program(973 Program),No.2012CB518602the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30830120a grant from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in China
文摘The Chinese herbal formula Tongluo fiunao, containing the active components Panax notogin- seng and Gardenia jasminoides, has recently been patented and is in use clinically. It is known to be neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia, but the underlying pathway remains poorly understood. In the present study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and administered Tongluo Jiunao, a positive control （Xuesai Tong, containing Panax notoginseng） or saline intraperitoneally to investigate the pathway involved in the action of TongIuo fiunao injection. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining showed that the cerebral infarct area was significantly smaller in model rats that received Tongluo fiunao than in those that received saline. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed significantly greater expression of neurotrophin 3 and growth-associated protein 43 in ischemic cerebral tissue, and serum levels of neurotrophin 3, in the Tongluo Jiunao group than in the saline group. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining showed that after treatment with Tongluo fiunao or Xuesai Tong, tropomyosin-related kinase C gene expression and immunoreactivity were significantly elevated compared with saline, with the greatest expression observed after Tongluo Jiunao treatment. These findings suggest that Tongluo Jiunao injection exerts a neuroprotective effect in rats with cerebral ischemia by activating the neurotrophin 3/ tropomyosin-related kinase C pathway.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81573956)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2018JJ2297)+3 种基金Key Program of Chinese Medicine Science Research Plan of Hunan Province (No. 201612)Key Program of Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 16A162)National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project (No. 201710541002)The Project of Research Learning and Innovative Experiment for College Students in Hunan (No. 2015217, No. 2015220, No. 2016284 and No. 2016281)
文摘Objective To observe the effects of Zhuang Gu Zhi Tong Formula (ZGZTF) on antagonist SOST in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteoporosis. Methods We analyzed the differential genes of patients with osteoporosis and normal subjects from the GEO database and then found SOST with specific expression. We analyzed SOST as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Then we studied the effect of ZGZTF on SOST in Wnt signaling pathway. Osteoporosis model was induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in 8-week-old female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. After 12 weeks of treatment with ZGZTF by intragastric administration, the rats were put to death in batch. The changes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone gla protein (BGP) and estradiol (E2) in serum were determined, and bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphology of right femur were observed. Biomechanics of lumbar vertebra were measured, and the expression of SOST, Wnt3a,β-catenin, LRP5, Runx2, Osx and their mRNA involving the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by Western blot, RT-PCR and Immunohistochemical analysis. All data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results Twelve weeks of treatment with ZGZTF could significantly decrease the level of ALP and BGP in serum, increase the BMD of femurs, and improve the biomechanical capability of vertebral body in maximum loading and elastic modulus. Concerning histomorphology, we found ordered arrangement of trabeculae, slightly thinning of trabeculae and none obvious slight fractures in femurs after 12 weeks of treatment with ZGZTF. The expression of LRP5,β-catenin, Runx2 and Osx involved in the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly up-regulated in the presence of ZGZTF,and the expression of SOST in this pathway was down-regulated. Conclusions These results suggest that ZGZTF may be antiosteoporosis by down-regulating SOST protein to promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81373551)Hunan Natural Science Foundation (No. 2019JJ40214)+3 种基金Hunan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission (No. 20190638)Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital (No. 2018B07)Innovation of Graduate Students in Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2018CX05 and No. 2018CX25)Postgraduate Innovation in Hunan Province (No. CX20190536 and No. CX20190591)
文摘Objective To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of Xin Hui Tong Formula (XHTF) in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) by using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. Methods The targets network of CHD was constructed through Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD) and Drugbank database;The XHTF pharmacodynamic molecule-targets network and the XHTF pharmacodynamic molecule-CHD targets network were explored by the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). And the multi-targets mechanism and molecular regulation network of XHTF in the treatment of CHD were explored from multiple perspectives by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database pathway enrichment analysis. Results A total of 88 CHD targets were screened out through the Therapeutic Targets and the Drugbank database. 393 compounds and corresponding 205 drug targets of XHTF were retrieved from TCMSP. A total of 13 known targets directly related to the development of CHD were retrieved from the disease-related databases: TP53, MAPK14, NFKB1, HSPA5, PLG, PTGS2, ADRB1, NOS2, CYP3A4, GRIA2, CYP2A6, GRIA1, PTGS1. XHTF also contained 118 drug targets that directly interact with CHD targets. GO enrichment analysis showed that the biological processes of 13 direct targets proteins were found to be mainly enriched in response to drug, cellular response to biotic stimulus, long-chain fatty acid metabolic process, fatty acid metabolic process and regulation of blood pressure. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that XHTF participated in the CHD pathological process mainly through retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, cAMP signaling pathway, chemical carcinogenesis and other pathways. Conclusions XHTF plays a role in the treatment of CHD through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and provides a scientific basis for the theory of "virtual standard" in the treatment of CHD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81202625Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Translational Medicine of China Three Gorges University of China,No.2016xnxg101
文摘The fermented Chinese formula Shuan-Tong-Ling is composed of radix puerariae（Gegen）,salvia miltiorrhiza（Danshen）,radix curcuma（Jianghuang）,hawthorn（Shanzha）,salvia chinensis（Shijianchuan）,sinapis alba（Baijiezi）,astragalus（Huangqi）,panax japonicas（Zhujieshen）,atractylodes macrocephala koidz（Baizhu）,radix paeoniae alba（Baishao）,bupleurum（Chaihu）,chrysanthemum（Juhua）,rhizoma cyperi（Xiangfu） and gastrodin（Tianma）,whose aqueous extract was fermented with lactobacillus,bacillus aceticus and saccharomycetes.ShuanTong-Ling is a formula used to treat brain diseases including ischemic stroke,migraine,and vascular dementia.Shuan-Tong-Ling attenuated H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in rat microvascular endothelial cells.However,the potential mechanism involved in these effects is poorly understood.Rats were intragastrically treated with 5.7 or 17.2 m L/kg Shuan-Tong-Ling for 7 days before middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced.The results indicated Shuan-Tong-Ling had a cerebral protective effect by reducing infarct volume and increasing neurological scores.Shuan-Tong-Ling also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus on the ischemic side.In addition,Shuan-Tong-Ling upregulated the expression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and downregulated the expression of acetylated-protein 53 and Bax.Injection of 5 mg/kg silent information regulator 1（SIRT1） inhibitor EX527 into the subarachnoid space once every 2 days,four times,reversed the above changes.These results demonstrate that Shuan-Tong-Ling might benefit cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis through activation of the SIRT1 signaling pathway.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81374005)″Twelfth Five Year″National Science and Technology Support Program(2012BAI26B03)
文摘OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue decoction(TQHXD)on the bloodbrain barrier(BBB)permeability and the expressions of related proteins on the rats;and to analyse the constituents in the cerebrospinal fluid on the rats with cerebral ischemic injury.METHODS Cerebral ischemia rats were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).Adult male sprague-dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into seven groups:sham-group;model group;nimodipine(NMP)-treated group and nao mai tai(NMT)-treated group were set as positive drug control groups;TQHXD-treated group(3,6 and 12g·kg-1body weight);The neurological function of rats was estimated by neurological defect scoring after the 1,7and 15 dafter administration.Histological structure of the brain in rats were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining.Ultramicrostructural features of hippocampus neurons and the opening of tight junction(TJ)of BBB in rats were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM).Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5,AQP-4 and MMP-9 in BBB after cerebral ischemia injury.Component analysis experiments:adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:Distilled water was administered intragastrically sham-operated rats;Distilled water was administered intragastrically model rats by MCAO;TQHXD was administered intragatrically to rats in sham-operated group;TQHXD was administered intragestrically to rats in model group by MCAO.GC and HPLC was used to detect three compounds,namely,muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A,in rats cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)after oral administration of TQHXD.Finally,samples of cerebrospinal fluid of rats in each group were compared with single medicine so as to explicit the three compounds come from which herb.RESULTS TQHXD significantly reduced the neurological defect scores.Histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons had been seen in TQHXD-treated rats.TEM observation revealed that TQHXD could significantly inhibit the damage of hippocampal neurons and reduce the opening of TJ.The decreased protein expression levels of claudin-5,occludin,ZO-1 and the increased protein expression levels of AQP-4 and MMP-9in cerebral ischemia tissue were significantly prevented by treatment of TQHXD.Analysis of experimental results showed that muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A could penetrate the BBB into the CSF,and the content of the model group was lower than that of sham group after intragastric administration of TQHXD.CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that TQHXD may act as a potential neuroprotective agent against BBB damage for cerebral ischemia through protecting of hippocampus neurons,reducing the opening of TJ and decreasing the permeability of BBB by up-regulating ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5 expressions,down-regulating AQP-4 and MMP-9 expressions.The effect of TQHXD on the decrease of the opening of TJ also reduced the content of muscone,ligustilide and hydroxysafflor yellow A in cerebrospinal fluid.
