Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behav...Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.展开更多
Development of electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is essential for solving problems that still restrict the extensive application of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Here,we designed a no...Development of electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is essential for solving problems that still restrict the extensive application of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Here,we designed a novel negative electrode with superior electrocatalytic activity by tailoring nitrogen functional groups,such as newly formed nitro and pyridinic-N transformed to pyridonic-N,from the prenitrogen-doped electrode.It was experimentally confirmed that an electrode with pyridonic-N and nitro fuctional groups(tailored nitrogen-doped graphite felt,TNGF) has superior electrocatalytic acivity with enhanced electron and mass transfer.Density functional theory calulations demonstrated the pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups promoted the adsorption,charge transfer,and bond formation with the vanadium species,which is consistent with expermental results.In addition,the V2+/V3+redox reaction mechanism on pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups was estabilised based on density functional theory(DFT) results.When TNGF was applied to a VRFB,it enabled enhanced-electrolyte utilization and energy efficiencies(EE) of 57.9% and 64.6%,respectively,at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).These results are 18.6% and 8.9% higher than those of VRFB with electrode containing graphitic-N and pyridinicN groups.Interestingly,TNGF-based VRFB still operated with an EE of 59% at a high current density of300 mA cm^(-2).The TNGF-based VRFB exhibited stable cycling performance without noticeable decay of EE over 450 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).The results of this study suggest that introducing pyridonic-N and nitro groups on the electrode is effective for improving the electrochemical performance of VRFBs.展开更多
Long-term optical data storage(ODS)technology is essential to break the bottleneck of high energy consumption for information storage in the current era of big data.Here,ODS with an ultralong lifetime of 2×10^(7)...Long-term optical data storage(ODS)technology is essential to break the bottleneck of high energy consumption for information storage in the current era of big data.Here,ODS with an ultralong lifetime of 2×10^(7)years is attained with single ultrafast laser pulse induced reduction of Eu^(3+)ions and tailoring of optical properties inside the Eu-doped aluminosilicate glasses.We demonstrate that the induced local modifications in the glass can stand against the temperature of up to 970 K and strong ultraviolet light irradiation with the power density of 100 kW/cm^(2).Furthermore,the active ions of Eu^(2+)exhibit strong and broadband emission with the full width at half maximum reaching 190 nm,and the photoluminescence(PL)is flexibly tunable in the whole visible region by regulating the alkaline earth metal ions in the glasses.The developed technology and materials will be of great significance in photonic applications such as long-term ODS.展开更多
Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is...Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is a print-and web-based intervention in which prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors receive automatically generated,personalized feedback aimed at integrating PA into daily life to increase and maintain PA.We evaluated the long-term outcomes of OncoActive by examining the 12-month follow-up differences between OncoActive and a control group,and we explored whether PA was maintained during a 6-month non-intervention follow-up period.Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to an OncoActive(n=249)or a usual care waitlist control group(n=229).OncoActive participants received PA advice and a pedometer.PA outcomes(i.e.,ActiGraph and self-report moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)min/week and days with≥30 min PA)and health-related outcomes(i.e.,fatigue,depression,physical functioning)were assessed at baseline,6 months,and 12 months.Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions for the primary outcome(ActiGraph MVPA min/week)and all additional outcomes.Results At 12 months,OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week,self-report MVPA min/week,or ActiGraph days with PA.Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group.For health-related outcomes only long-term fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive.When exploratively examining PA within OncoActive,the previously found PA effects at the end of the intervention(6 months follow-up)were maintained at 12 months.Furthermore,all PA outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 12 months.The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 months to 12 months(and from baseline to 12 months),resulting in a decline of differences between groups.Conclusion The majority of previously reported significant between-group differences at 6 months follow-up were no longer present at long-term follow-up,possibly because of natural improvement in the control group.At long-term follow-up,fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to control group participants.Computer-tailored PA advice may give participants an early start toward recovery and potentially contributes to improving long-term health.展开更多
The cure rates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy using a proton pump inhibitor(PPI)and antimicrobial agents such as amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole are mainly influenced by bacterial sus...The cure rates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy using a proton pump inhibitor(PPI)and antimicrobial agents such as amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole are mainly influenced by bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the magnitude of the inhibition of acid secretion.Annual cure rates have gradually decreased because of the increased prevalence of H.pylori strains resistant to antimicrobial agents,especially to clarithromycin.Alternative regimens have therefore been developed incorporating different antimicrobial agents.Further,standard PPI therapy(twice-daily dosing)often fails to induce a long-term increase in intragastric pH>4.0.Increasing the eradication rate requires more frequent and higher doses of PPIs.Therapeutic efficacy related to acid secretion is influenced by genetic factors such as variants of the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes(e.g.,cytochrome P450 2C19,CYP2C19),drug transporters(e.g.,multidrug resistance protein-1;ABCB1),and inflammatory cytokines(e.g.,interleukin-1β).For example,quadruple daily administration of PPI therapy potently inhibits acid secretion within 24 h,irrespective of CYP2C19 genotype.Therefore,tailored H.pylori eradication regimens that address acid secretion and employ optimal antimicrobial agents based on results of antimicrobial agent-susceptibility testing may prove effective in attaining higher eradication rates.展开更多
The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone repair.To satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds wi...The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone repair.To satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds with controlled degradation rate using osteoinductive materials(Ca-P bioceramics),which is expected to present a controllable biodegradation rate for patients who need bone regeneration.Physicochemical properties,porosity,compressive strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds were studied.3D printed Ca-P scaffold(3DS),gas foaming Ca-P scaffold(FS)and autogenous bone(AB)were used in vivo for personalized beagle skull defect repair.Histological results indicated that the 3DS was highly vascularized and well combined with surrounding tissues.FS showed obvious newly formed bone tissues.AB showed the best repair effect,but it was found that AB scaffolds were partially absorbed and degraded.This study indicated that the 3D printed Ca-P bioceramics with tailored biodegradation rate is a promising candidate for personalized skull bone tissue reconstruction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy(LaTG)is associated with reduced nutritional status,and the procedure is not easily carried out without extensive expertise.A small remnant stomach after near-total ga...BACKGROUND Laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy(LaTG)is associated with reduced nutritional status,and the procedure is not easily carried out without extensive expertise.A small remnant stomach after near-total gastrectomy confers no significant nutritional benefits over total gastrectomy.In this study,we developed a modified laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy procedure,termed laparoscopicassisted tailored subtotal gastrectomy(LaTSG).AIM To evaluate the feasibility and nutritional impact of LaTSG compared to those of LaTG in patients with advanced middle-third gastric cancer(GC).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed surgical and oncological outcomes and postoperative nutritional status in 92 consecutive patients with middle-third GC who underwent radical laparoscopic gastrectomy at Department of Pancreatic Stomach Surgery,National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,and Peking Union Medical College between 2013 and 2017.Of these 92 patients,47 underwent LaTSG(LaTSG group),and the remaining underwent LaTG(LaTG group).RESULTS Operation time(210±49.8 min vs 208±50.0 min,P>0.05)and intraoperative blood loss(152.3±166.1 mL vs 188.9±167.8 mL,P>0.05)were similar between the groups.The incidence of postoperative morbidities was lower in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(4.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).Postoperatively,nutritional indices did not significantly differ,until postoperative 12 mo.Albumin,prealbumin,total protein,hemoglobin levels,and red blood cell counts were significantly higher in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(P<0.05).No significant differences in Fe or C-reaction protein levels were found between the two groups.Endoscopic examination demonstrated that reflux oesophagitis was more common in the LaTG group(0%vs 11.1%,P<0.05).Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant improvement in the overall survival(OS)and disease free survival(DFS)in the LaTSG group.Multivariate analysis showed that LaTSG was an independent prognostic factor for OS(P=0.048)but not for DFS(P=0.054).Subgroup analysis showed that compared to LaTG,LaTSG improved the survival of patients with stage III cancers,but not for other stages.CONCLUSION For advanced GC involving the middle third stomach,LaTSG can be a good option with reduced morbidity and favorable nutritional status and oncological outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety profile of a tailored eradication(TR)strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation with those of empirical bismuth-based quadruple th...BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety profile of a tailored eradication(TR)strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation with those of empirical bismuth-based quadruple therapy(EBQT)for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in Korean patients.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a TR strategy and those of EBQT regimen as first-line eradication therapy for H.pylori.METHODS This is an open-label,comparative study in which we prospectively enrolled patients over 18 years of age with H.pylori infection and retrospectively reviewed their data.H.pylori-positive patients diagnosed by rapid urease test,Giemsa staining,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR)were enrolled from May 2016 to September 2018 at Gil Medical Center.Patients with H.pylori infection received either a TR regimen or the EBQT regimen.In the tailored therapy group that underwent DPO-PCR testing,patients with A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen.The eradication rate,patient-reported side effect rate,and H.pylori eradication success rate were evaluated and compared between the groups.RESULTS A total of 150 patients were assigned to the TR(n=50)or EBQT group(n=100).The first-line eradication rate of H.pylori did not differ between the groups(96.0%vs 95.7%,P=0.9).The rate of eradication-related side effects for TR was 12.0%,which differed significantly from that of EBQT(43.0%)for first-line treatment(P<0.001).CONCLUSION DPO-PCR-based TR for H.pylori eradication may be equally efficacious,with less treatment-related complications,compared to EBQT in Korea,where clarithromycin resistance is high.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,which ultimately results in eradication failure,has been an emerging issue in the clinical field.Recently,to overcome this problem,an antibiot...BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,which ultimately results in eradication failure,has been an emerging issue in the clinical field.Recently,to overcome this problem,an antibiotic sensitivity-based tailored therapy(TT)for H.pylori infection has received attention.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of TT for H.pylori infection treatment compared to a non-bismuth quadruple therapy,concomitant therapy(CT)regimen.METHODS We included patients(>18 years)with an H.pylori infection and without a history of Helicobacter eradication who visited the Gil Medical Center between March 2016 and October 2020.After being randomly assigned to either the TT or CT treatment group in 1 to 1 manner,patient compliance,eradication success rate(ESR),and patient-reported side effects profiles were assessed and compared between the two groups.H.pylori infection was diagnosed using a rapid urease test,Giemsa stain,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR).Tailored eradication strategy based through the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation.For the TT group,a DPO-PCR test,which detected A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations,and a clarithromycin resistance test were performed.Patients in the clarithromycin-resistant group were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple combination therapy,while those with sensitive results were treated with the standard triple regimen.RESULTS Of the 217 patients with a treatment naive H.pylori infection,110 patients[mean age:58.66±13.03,men,n=55(50%)]were treated with TT,and 107 patients[mean age:56.67±10.88,men,n=52(48.60%)]were treated with CT.The compliance(TT vs CT,100%vs 98.13%,P=0.30),and follow-up loss rates(8.18%vs 9.35%,P=0.95)were not significantly different between the groups.The ESR after treatment was also not statistically different between the groups(TT vs CT,82.73%vs 82.24%,P=0.95).However,the treatment-related and patient-reported side effects were significantly lower in the TT group than in the CT group(22.77%vs 50.52%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The DPO-based TT regimen shows promising results in efficacy and safety profiles as a first-line Helicobacter eradication regimen in Korea,especially when physicians are confronted with increased antibiotic resistance rates.展开更多
This paper introduces a concentrated di-carboxylic acid(DCA) hydrolysis process for the integrated production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs). The DCA ...This paper introduces a concentrated di-carboxylic acid(DCA) hydrolysis process for the integrated production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs). The DCA hydrolysis process addressed several issues associated with mineral acid hydrolysis for CNC production, such as cellulose loss and acid recovery. The surface and morphological properties of the cellulose nanomaterials resulting from the DCA hydrolysis process can be tailored simply by controlling the severity of DCA hydrolysis. To further reduce cost, a lowtemperature(≤80℃) hydrotropic chemical process using p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-Ts OH) was also introduced to rapidly fractionate raw lignocelluloses for the production of lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils(LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles(LNPs). The LCNF surface hydrophobicity and morphology can be tailored by controlling the fractionation severity, i.e., the extent of delignification. The lignin also improved the thermal stability of LCNFs. LNPs can be easily separated by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the p-Ts OH minimal hydrotropic concentration of approximately 10%. p-Ts OH can also be easily recovered by re-concentrating the diluted spent liquor after lignin precipitation. We believe that these two novel processes presented here have the potential to achieve true sustainable, economic, and tailored production of cellulose nanomaterials, suitable for a variety of applications.展开更多
Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.However,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits f...Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.However,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits fast osseointegration.Different biomolecules have been widely utilized to overcome this issue;however,homogeneous porous Ti scaffolds could not simultaneously deliver multiple biomolecules that have different release behaviors.In this study,functionally graded porous Ti scaffolds(FGPTs)with dense inner and porous outer parts were fabricated using a two-body combination and densification procedure.FGPTs with growth factor(BMP-2)and antibiotics(TCH)exhibited suitable mechanical properties as bone substituting material and presented good structural stability.The release of BMP-2 was considerably prolonged,whereas the release of TCH was comparable to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds(control group).The osteogenic differentiation obtained using FGPTs was maintained due to the prolonged release of BMP-2.The antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds were verified using S.aureus in terms of prior release time.In addition,various candidates for graded porous Ti scaffolds with altered pore characteristics were presented.展开更多
Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, ...Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.展开更多
The development of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient catalyzing ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is significant for direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,in many previous stud...The development of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient catalyzing ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is significant for direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,in many previous studies,the major difficulties including lower utilization efficiency and weaker anti-CO-poison ability of Pt hamper the practical testing of such DEFCs,Herein,ternary Pt22Pd27C51 ultrathin(~5 nm)NWs are fabricated via a facile surfactant-free strategy.The surface and electronic structures of Pt22Pd27Cu51 NWs are further tailored via acid-etching treatment.The resulted PtPdCu NWs with an optimal atomic Pt/Pd/Cu ratio of 36:41:23 display excellent specific activities towards EOR(4.38 mA/cm^(2))and ORR(1.16 mA/cm^(2)),which are 19.8-and 5.7-folds larger than that of Pt/C,respectively.A singlecell was fabricated using Pt36Pd41Cu23 NWs as electrocatalyst in both anode and cathode with Pt loading of 1.2 mgpt/cm^(2).The power density measured at 80 ℃ is 21.7 mW/cm^(2),which is ~3.9 folds enhancement relative to that fabricated by using Pt/C(2 mgPt/cm^(2)).The enhanced catalytic performance of Pt36Pd41Cu23NWs could be attributed to that synergistic effect between Pt,Pd and Cu enhances CO anti-poisoning ability and promotes the C-C bond cleavage.This work provides a promising strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts for DEFCs.展开更多
In this paper,we propose using the tailored finite point method(TFPM)to solve the resulting parabolic or elliptic equations when minimizing the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model using the augment...In this paper,we propose using the tailored finite point method(TFPM)to solve the resulting parabolic or elliptic equations when minimizing the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model using the augmented Lagrangian method(ALM).The Hu-ber regularization based image super-resolution model can ameliorate the staircase for restored images.TFPM employs the method of weighted residuals with collocation tech-nique,which helps get more accurate approximate solutions to the equations and reserve more details in restored images.We compare the new schemes with the Marquina-Osher model,the image super-resolution convolutional neural network(SRCNN)and the classical interpolation methods:bilinear interpolation,nearest-neighbor interpolation and bicubic interpolation.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that with the new schemes the quality of the super-resolution images has been improved.Besides these,the existence of the minimizer of the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model and the convergence of the proposed algorithm are also established in this paper.展开更多
Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of cl...Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of climate change,especially through both mortality and morbidity analysis by using the data from same regions and populations.We re-analyzed and outlined the whole picture of the impacts of extreme temperatures on both mortality and morbidity among various populations and regions,based on the researches from a well-planned national project of Scientific Survey of Regional Meteorological Sensitive Diseases(SRMSD)with consistent methodology in China.The twenty-four representative regions of the SRMSD project cover all eleven geographical meteorological divisions in the country,including urban and rural areas.In addition to circulatory and respiratory diseases,we found that neurological diseases,injuries,digestive diseases,endocrine diseases,genitourinary diseases,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were sensitive to extreme heat,while digestive diseases were sensitive to extreme cold.The extreme temperature-sensitive diseases and the attributable disease burden varied by region.Females and the elderly people(65 years old and above)were more vulnerable to extreme heat when using mortality as a health outcome,whereas males and the young and middle-aged adults were more vulnerable to morbidity risk from heat.Our findings provide important scientific evidence for regional distribution of temperature-sensitive diseases and identification of vulnerable populations in China.It provides evidence and implications of developing regional heat/cold-exposure intervention policies,especially for hospital emergency departments and ambulance services during hot seasons.展开更多
An effective eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)should be used for the first time.In this study,we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than t...An effective eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)should be used for the first time.In this study,we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than traditional therapy.We also evaluated the factors that cause treatment failure in high-resistance areas.For this multicenter trial,we recruited 467 H.pylori-positive patients.The patients were randomly assigned to receive tailored triple therapy(TATT),tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy(TABQT),or traditional bismuthcontaining quadruple therapy(TRBQT).For the TATT and TABQT groups,antibiotic selection proceeded via susceptibility testing using an agar-dilution test.The patients in the TRBQT group were given amoxicillin,clarithromycin,esomeprazole,and bismuth.Successful eradication was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test at least eight weeks after the treatment ended.Susceptibility testing was conducted using an agar-dilution test.The eradication rate was examined via intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.The clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole resistance rates were 26.12%,28.69%,and 96.79%,respectively.Resistance against amoxicillin and furazolidone was rare.The eradication rates for TATT,TRBQT,and TABQT were 67.32%,63.69%,and 85.99%in the ITT analysis(P<0.001)and 74.64%,68.49%,and 91.22%in the PP analysis(P<0.001),respectively.The efficacy of TABQTwas affected by clarithromycin resistance,and bismuth exerted a direct influence on TATT failure.TABQT was the most efficacious regimen for use in high-resistance regions,especially among clarithromycin-susceptible patients.展开更多
In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entan...In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entanglement between the two phases of the PLA/POE blend was innovatively constructed via the facile reactive melt blending process through the reaction of the epoxy/anhydride groups grafted on the POE chains with the end groups of PLA chains(PLA/GPOE-MPOE).It was observed that POE domains were embedded tightly in PLA matrix with a fuzzy interface and abundant interface transition area,and the impact fractured surface of the blend showed an obvious plastic deformation with less occurrence of fibrillation of PLA matrix or interfacial de-bonding.Compared with neat PLA and directly blended PLA/POE blends,the PLA/GPOE-MPOE blend exhibited much higher complex viscosity/storage modulus,much lower tanδvalues in the terminal region,and obvious strain-hardening behavior.The deviation in viscoelastic behavior of PLA/GPOE-MPOE from linear PLA indicated the enhanced molecular entanglement between the long-branched chains,resulting in an enhancement of the stretching ability during biaxial drawing of the blend.Uniform PLA/GPOE-MPOE films with draw ratio as high as 7×7 were obtained through biaxial stretching,which showed much higher tensile strength and the elongation at break than that of neat PLA and PLA/POE film.This work provides a facile method for fabricating toughening PLA films with application potentials.展开更多
The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and th...The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hallux valgus(HV)is a common foot deformity that manifests with increasing age,especially in women.The associated foot pain causes impaired gait and decreases quality of life.Moderate and severe HV is a def...BACKGROUND Hallux valgus(HV)is a common foot deformity that manifests with increasing age,especially in women.The associated foot pain causes impaired gait and decreases quality of life.Moderate and severe HV is a deformity that is charac-terized by the involvement of lesser rays and requires complex surgical treatment.In this study,we attempted to develop a procedure for this condition.AIM To analyse the treatment results of patients who underwent simultaneous surgical correction of all parts of a static forefoot deformity.METHODS We conducted a prospective clinical trial between 2016 and 2021 in which 30 feet with moderate or severe HV associated with Tailor’s bunion and metatarsalgia were surgically treated via a new method involving surgical correction of all associated problems.This method included a modified Lapidus procedure,M2M3 tarsometatarsal arthrodesis,intermetatarsal fusion of the M4 and M5 bases,and the use of an original external fixation apparatus to enhance correction power.Preoperative,postoperative,and final follow-up radiographic data and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)scores were compared,and P values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study included 28 females(93.3%)and 2 males feet(6.7%),20(66.7%)of whom had a moderate degree of HV and 10(33.3%)of whom had severe deformity.M2 and M3 metatarsalgia was observed in 21 feet,and 9 feet experienced pain only at M2.The mean follow-up duration was 11 months.All patients had good correction of the HV angle[preoperative median,36.5 degrees,interquartile range(IQR):30-45;postoperative median,10 degrees,IQR:8.8-10;follow-up median,11.5 degrees,IQR:10-14;P<0.01].At follow-up,metatarsalgia was resolved in most patients(30 vs 5).There was a clinically negligible decrease in the corrected angles at the final follow-up,and the overall AOFAS score was significantly better(median,65 points,IQR:53.8-70;vs 80 points,IQR:75-85;P<0.01).CONCLUSION The developed method showed good sustainability of correction power in a small sample of patients at the one-year follow-up.Randomized clinical trials with larger samples,as well as long-term outcome assessments,are needed in the future.展开更多
The five -layer asymmetric coupled quantum well ( FACQW) , which is one of the potential -tailored quantum wells, is expected to show very large electrorefrac live index cha nge in a wideband transpar ency region far ...The five -layer asymmetric coupled quantum well ( FACQW) , which is one of the potential -tailored quantum wells, is expected to show very large electrorefrac live index cha nge in a wideband transpar ency region far from the absorption edge. Characteristics of the FACQW and its application to compact, ultrafast , low voltage optical modul ators and switches are dis cussed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200200)Peiyang Talents Project of Tianjin University.
文摘Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.
基金financially supported by the Research Program from Korea Institute of Industrial Technology(EM220011)the Technology Innovation Program(20020229,Development of technology for manufacturing catalysts and electrode parts by use of low contents precious metals of rare metals) funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)+2 种基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2022R1F1A1072569)supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT & Future Planning(NRF2020R1C1C1010493)“Regional Innovation Strategy(RIS)” through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)(2021RIS-004)。
文摘Development of electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is essential for solving problems that still restrict the extensive application of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Here,we designed a novel negative electrode with superior electrocatalytic activity by tailoring nitrogen functional groups,such as newly formed nitro and pyridinic-N transformed to pyridonic-N,from the prenitrogen-doped electrode.It was experimentally confirmed that an electrode with pyridonic-N and nitro fuctional groups(tailored nitrogen-doped graphite felt,TNGF) has superior electrocatalytic acivity with enhanced electron and mass transfer.Density functional theory calulations demonstrated the pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups promoted the adsorption,charge transfer,and bond formation with the vanadium species,which is consistent with expermental results.In addition,the V2+/V3+redox reaction mechanism on pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups was estabilised based on density functional theory(DFT) results.When TNGF was applied to a VRFB,it enabled enhanced-electrolyte utilization and energy efficiencies(EE) of 57.9% and 64.6%,respectively,at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).These results are 18.6% and 8.9% higher than those of VRFB with electrode containing graphitic-N and pyridinicN groups.Interestingly,TNGF-based VRFB still operated with an EE of 59% at a high current density of300 mA cm^(-2).The TNGF-based VRFB exhibited stable cycling performance without noticeable decay of EE over 450 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).The results of this study suggest that introducing pyridonic-N and nitro groups on the electrode is effective for improving the electrochemical performance of VRFBs.
基金supports from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFB2802000 and 2021YFB2800500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U20A20211, 51902286, 61775192, 61905215, and 62005164)+2 种基金Key Research Project of Zhejiang Labthe State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics (Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M702799)。
文摘Long-term optical data storage(ODS)technology is essential to break the bottleneck of high energy consumption for information storage in the current era of big data.Here,ODS with an ultralong lifetime of 2×10^(7)years is attained with single ultrafast laser pulse induced reduction of Eu^(3+)ions and tailoring of optical properties inside the Eu-doped aluminosilicate glasses.We demonstrate that the induced local modifications in the glass can stand against the temperature of up to 970 K and strong ultraviolet light irradiation with the power density of 100 kW/cm^(2).Furthermore,the active ions of Eu^(2+)exhibit strong and broadband emission with the full width at half maximum reaching 190 nm,and the photoluminescence(PL)is flexibly tunable in the whole visible region by regulating the alkaline earth metal ions in the glasses.The developed technology and materials will be of great significance in photonic applications such as long-term ODS.
基金funded by the Dutch Cancer Society (Koningin Wilhelmina Kankerfonds Kankerbestrijding,Grant No.NOU2012-5585).
文摘Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is a print-and web-based intervention in which prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors receive automatically generated,personalized feedback aimed at integrating PA into daily life to increase and maintain PA.We evaluated the long-term outcomes of OncoActive by examining the 12-month follow-up differences between OncoActive and a control group,and we explored whether PA was maintained during a 6-month non-intervention follow-up period.Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to an OncoActive(n=249)or a usual care waitlist control group(n=229).OncoActive participants received PA advice and a pedometer.PA outcomes(i.e.,ActiGraph and self-report moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)min/week and days with≥30 min PA)and health-related outcomes(i.e.,fatigue,depression,physical functioning)were assessed at baseline,6 months,and 12 months.Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions for the primary outcome(ActiGraph MVPA min/week)and all additional outcomes.Results At 12 months,OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week,self-report MVPA min/week,or ActiGraph days with PA.Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group.For health-related outcomes only long-term fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive.When exploratively examining PA within OncoActive,the previously found PA effects at the end of the intervention(6 months follow-up)were maintained at 12 months.Furthermore,all PA outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 12 months.The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 months to 12 months(and from baseline to 12 months),resulting in a decline of differences between groups.Conclusion The majority of previously reported significant between-group differences at 6 months follow-up were no longer present at long-term follow-up,possibly because of natural improvement in the control group.At long-term follow-up,fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to control group participants.Computer-tailored PA advice may give participants an early start toward recovery and potentially contributes to improving long-term health.
基金Supported by Grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan,No.22790640 and No.24590912
文摘The cure rates of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication therapy using a proton pump inhibitor(PPI)and antimicrobial agents such as amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole are mainly influenced by bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the magnitude of the inhibition of acid secretion.Annual cure rates have gradually decreased because of the increased prevalence of H.pylori strains resistant to antimicrobial agents,especially to clarithromycin.Alternative regimens have therefore been developed incorporating different antimicrobial agents.Further,standard PPI therapy(twice-daily dosing)often fails to induce a long-term increase in intragastric pH>4.0.Increasing the eradication rate requires more frequent and higher doses of PPIs.Therapeutic efficacy related to acid secretion is influenced by genetic factors such as variants of the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes(e.g.,cytochrome P450 2C19,CYP2C19),drug transporters(e.g.,multidrug resistance protein-1;ABCB1),and inflammatory cytokines(e.g.,interleukin-1β).For example,quadruple daily administration of PPI therapy potently inhibits acid secretion within 24 h,irrespective of CYP2C19 genotype.Therefore,tailored H.pylori eradication regimens that address acid secretion and employ optimal antimicrobial agents based on results of antimicrobial agent-susceptibility testing may prove effective in attaining higher eradication rates.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.18YFB1105600,2018YFC1106800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875518)+1 种基金Sichuan Province Science&Technology Department Projects(2016CZYD0004,2017SZ0001,2018GZ0142,2019YFH0079)Research Foundation for Young Teachers of Sichuan University(2018SCUH0017)and The“111”Project(No.B16033).
文摘The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone repair.To satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds with controlled degradation rate using osteoinductive materials(Ca-P bioceramics),which is expected to present a controllable biodegradation rate for patients who need bone regeneration.Physicochemical properties,porosity,compressive strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds were studied.3D printed Ca-P scaffold(3DS),gas foaming Ca-P scaffold(FS)and autogenous bone(AB)were used in vivo for personalized beagle skull defect repair.Histological results indicated that the 3DS was highly vascularized and well combined with surrounding tissues.FS showed obvious newly formed bone tissues.AB showed the best repair effect,but it was found that AB scaffolds were partially absorbed and degraded.This study indicated that the 3D printed Ca-P bioceramics with tailored biodegradation rate is a promising candidate for personalized skull bone tissue reconstruction.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81772642Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,No.Z161100000116045Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.CFH 2018-2-4022。
文摘BACKGROUND Laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy(LaTG)is associated with reduced nutritional status,and the procedure is not easily carried out without extensive expertise.A small remnant stomach after near-total gastrectomy confers no significant nutritional benefits over total gastrectomy.In this study,we developed a modified laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy procedure,termed laparoscopicassisted tailored subtotal gastrectomy(LaTSG).AIM To evaluate the feasibility and nutritional impact of LaTSG compared to those of LaTG in patients with advanced middle-third gastric cancer(GC).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed surgical and oncological outcomes and postoperative nutritional status in 92 consecutive patients with middle-third GC who underwent radical laparoscopic gastrectomy at Department of Pancreatic Stomach Surgery,National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,and Peking Union Medical College between 2013 and 2017.Of these 92 patients,47 underwent LaTSG(LaTSG group),and the remaining underwent LaTG(LaTG group).RESULTS Operation time(210±49.8 min vs 208±50.0 min,P>0.05)and intraoperative blood loss(152.3±166.1 mL vs 188.9±167.8 mL,P>0.05)were similar between the groups.The incidence of postoperative morbidities was lower in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(4.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).Postoperatively,nutritional indices did not significantly differ,until postoperative 12 mo.Albumin,prealbumin,total protein,hemoglobin levels,and red blood cell counts were significantly higher in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(P<0.05).No significant differences in Fe or C-reaction protein levels were found between the two groups.Endoscopic examination demonstrated that reflux oesophagitis was more common in the LaTG group(0%vs 11.1%,P<0.05).Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant improvement in the overall survival(OS)and disease free survival(DFS)in the LaTSG group.Multivariate analysis showed that LaTSG was an independent prognostic factor for OS(P=0.048)but not for DFS(P=0.054).Subgroup analysis showed that compared to LaTG,LaTSG improved the survival of patients with stage III cancers,but not for other stages.CONCLUSION For advanced GC involving the middle third stomach,LaTSG can be a good option with reduced morbidity and favorable nutritional status and oncological outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety profile of a tailored eradication(TR)strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation with those of empirical bismuth-based quadruple therapy(EBQT)for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in Korean patients.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a TR strategy and those of EBQT regimen as first-line eradication therapy for H.pylori.METHODS This is an open-label,comparative study in which we prospectively enrolled patients over 18 years of age with H.pylori infection and retrospectively reviewed their data.H.pylori-positive patients diagnosed by rapid urease test,Giemsa staining,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR)were enrolled from May 2016 to September 2018 at Gil Medical Center.Patients with H.pylori infection received either a TR regimen or the EBQT regimen.In the tailored therapy group that underwent DPO-PCR testing,patients with A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen.The eradication rate,patient-reported side effect rate,and H.pylori eradication success rate were evaluated and compared between the groups.RESULTS A total of 150 patients were assigned to the TR(n=50)or EBQT group(n=100).The first-line eradication rate of H.pylori did not differ between the groups(96.0%vs 95.7%,P=0.9).The rate of eradication-related side effects for TR was 12.0%,which differed significantly from that of EBQT(43.0%)for first-line treatment(P<0.001).CONCLUSION DPO-PCR-based TR for H.pylori eradication may be equally efficacious,with less treatment-related complications,compared to EBQT in Korea,where clarithromycin resistance is high.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-2020R1F1A1076839。
文摘BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,which ultimately results in eradication failure,has been an emerging issue in the clinical field.Recently,to overcome this problem,an antibiotic sensitivity-based tailored therapy(TT)for H.pylori infection has received attention.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of TT for H.pylori infection treatment compared to a non-bismuth quadruple therapy,concomitant therapy(CT)regimen.METHODS We included patients(>18 years)with an H.pylori infection and without a history of Helicobacter eradication who visited the Gil Medical Center between March 2016 and October 2020.After being randomly assigned to either the TT or CT treatment group in 1 to 1 manner,patient compliance,eradication success rate(ESR),and patient-reported side effects profiles were assessed and compared between the two groups.H.pylori infection was diagnosed using a rapid urease test,Giemsa stain,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR).Tailored eradication strategy based through the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation.For the TT group,a DPO-PCR test,which detected A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations,and a clarithromycin resistance test were performed.Patients in the clarithromycin-resistant group were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple combination therapy,while those with sensitive results were treated with the standard triple regimen.RESULTS Of the 217 patients with a treatment naive H.pylori infection,110 patients[mean age:58.66±13.03,men,n=55(50%)]were treated with TT,and 107 patients[mean age:56.67±10.88,men,n=52(48.60%)]were treated with CT.The compliance(TT vs CT,100%vs 98.13%,P=0.30),and follow-up loss rates(8.18%vs 9.35%,P=0.95)were not significantly different between the groups.The ESR after treatment was also not statistically different between the groups(TT vs CT,82.73%vs 82.24%,P=0.95).However,the treatment-related and patient-reported side effects were significantly lower in the TT group than in the CT group(22.77%vs 50.52%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The DPO-based TT regimen shows promising results in efficacy and safety profiles as a first-line Helicobacter eradication regimen in Korea,especially when physicians are confronted with increased antibiotic resistance rates.
基金financial support from the US Forest Servicethe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31470599)the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University
文摘This paper introduces a concentrated di-carboxylic acid(DCA) hydrolysis process for the integrated production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs). The DCA hydrolysis process addressed several issues associated with mineral acid hydrolysis for CNC production, such as cellulose loss and acid recovery. The surface and morphological properties of the cellulose nanomaterials resulting from the DCA hydrolysis process can be tailored simply by controlling the severity of DCA hydrolysis. To further reduce cost, a lowtemperature(≤80℃) hydrotropic chemical process using p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-Ts OH) was also introduced to rapidly fractionate raw lignocelluloses for the production of lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils(LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles(LNPs). The LCNF surface hydrophobicity and morphology can be tailored by controlling the fractionation severity, i.e., the extent of delignification. The lignin also improved the thermal stability of LCNFs. LNPs can be easily separated by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the p-Ts OH minimal hydrotropic concentration of approximately 10%. p-Ts OH can also be easily recovered by re-concentrating the diluted spent liquor after lignin precipitation. We believe that these two novel processes presented here have the potential to achieve true sustainable, economic, and tailored production of cellulose nanomaterials, suitable for a variety of applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)(Nos. 2021R1I1A1A01043176 and2021R1A2C1091301)the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea (No.2021K2A9A2A06037540)+3 种基金Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine funded by Ministry of Science and ICTMinistry of Health and Welfare (No. 2021M3E5E5096420, Republic of Korea)Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health&Welfare, Republic of Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(Project Number:202011B29)the GRRC program of the Gyeo nggi Province (Grant Number GRRC-KPU2021-A01, Multi-material Machining Innovative Technology Research Center)
文摘Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.However,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits fast osseointegration.Different biomolecules have been widely utilized to overcome this issue;however,homogeneous porous Ti scaffolds could not simultaneously deliver multiple biomolecules that have different release behaviors.In this study,functionally graded porous Ti scaffolds(FGPTs)with dense inner and porous outer parts were fabricated using a two-body combination and densification procedure.FGPTs with growth factor(BMP-2)and antibiotics(TCH)exhibited suitable mechanical properties as bone substituting material and presented good structural stability.The release of BMP-2 was considerably prolonged,whereas the release of TCH was comparable to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds(control group).The osteogenic differentiation obtained using FGPTs was maintained due to the prolonged release of BMP-2.The antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds were verified using S.aureus in terms of prior release time.In addition,various candidates for graded porous Ti scaffolds with altered pore characteristics were presented.
基金This work wus supported hy China Textile Universily and the corporatoin foundation
文摘Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21902119)。
文摘The development of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient catalyzing ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is significant for direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,in many previous studies,the major difficulties including lower utilization efficiency and weaker anti-CO-poison ability of Pt hamper the practical testing of such DEFCs,Herein,ternary Pt22Pd27C51 ultrathin(~5 nm)NWs are fabricated via a facile surfactant-free strategy.The surface and electronic structures of Pt22Pd27Cu51 NWs are further tailored via acid-etching treatment.The resulted PtPdCu NWs with an optimal atomic Pt/Pd/Cu ratio of 36:41:23 display excellent specific activities towards EOR(4.38 mA/cm^(2))and ORR(1.16 mA/cm^(2)),which are 19.8-and 5.7-folds larger than that of Pt/C,respectively.A singlecell was fabricated using Pt36Pd41Cu23 NWs as electrocatalyst in both anode and cathode with Pt loading of 1.2 mgpt/cm^(2).The power density measured at 80 ℃ is 21.7 mW/cm^(2),which is ~3.9 folds enhancement relative to that fabricated by using Pt/C(2 mgPt/cm^(2)).The enhanced catalytic performance of Pt36Pd41Cu23NWs could be attributed to that synergistic effect between Pt,Pd and Cu enhances CO anti-poisoning ability and promotes the C-C bond cleavage.This work provides a promising strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts for DEFCs.
基金partially supported by the NSFC Project Nos.12001529,12025104,11871298,81930119.
文摘In this paper,we propose using the tailored finite point method(TFPM)to solve the resulting parabolic or elliptic equations when minimizing the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model using the augmented Lagrangian method(ALM).The Hu-ber regularization based image super-resolution model can ameliorate the staircase for restored images.TFPM employs the method of weighted residuals with collocation tech-nique,which helps get more accurate approximate solutions to the equations and reserve more details in restored images.We compare the new schemes with the Marquina-Osher model,the image super-resolution convolutional neural network(SRCNN)and the classical interpolation methods:bilinear interpolation,nearest-neighbor interpolation and bicubic interpolation.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that with the new schemes the quality of the super-resolution images has been improved.Besides these,the existence of the minimizer of the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model and the convergence of the proposed algorithm are also established in this paper.
基金This study was sponsored by the Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2017FY101201).
文摘Identifying temperature-sensitive diseases,vulnerable populations and attributable disease burden is crucial for the development and implementation of tailored climate change adaptation strategies in the context of climate change,especially through both mortality and morbidity analysis by using the data from same regions and populations.We re-analyzed and outlined the whole picture of the impacts of extreme temperatures on both mortality and morbidity among various populations and regions,based on the researches from a well-planned national project of Scientific Survey of Regional Meteorological Sensitive Diseases(SRMSD)with consistent methodology in China.The twenty-four representative regions of the SRMSD project cover all eleven geographical meteorological divisions in the country,including urban and rural areas.In addition to circulatory and respiratory diseases,we found that neurological diseases,injuries,digestive diseases,endocrine diseases,genitourinary diseases,skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were sensitive to extreme heat,while digestive diseases were sensitive to extreme cold.The extreme temperature-sensitive diseases and the attributable disease burden varied by region.Females and the elderly people(65 years old and above)were more vulnerable to extreme heat when using mortality as a health outcome,whereas males and the young and middle-aged adults were more vulnerable to morbidity risk from heat.Our findings provide important scientific evidence for regional distribution of temperature-sensitive diseases and identification of vulnerable populations in China.It provides evidence and implications of developing regional heat/cold-exposure intervention policies,especially for hospital emergency departments and ambulance services during hot seasons.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Wenzhou(No.2014S0193)Public Technology Application Research of Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Hall(No.2014C33246)+1 种基金Medical and Health Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2015DTA020)Public Technology Application Research of Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Hall(No.2016C33232).
文摘An effective eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)should be used for the first time.In this study,we assessed whether tailored therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility testing is more effective than traditional therapy.We also evaluated the factors that cause treatment failure in high-resistance areas.For this multicenter trial,we recruited 467 H.pylori-positive patients.The patients were randomly assigned to receive tailored triple therapy(TATT),tailored bismuth-containing quadruple therapy(TABQT),or traditional bismuthcontaining quadruple therapy(TRBQT).For the TATT and TABQT groups,antibiotic selection proceeded via susceptibility testing using an agar-dilution test.The patients in the TRBQT group were given amoxicillin,clarithromycin,esomeprazole,and bismuth.Successful eradication was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test at least eight weeks after the treatment ended.Susceptibility testing was conducted using an agar-dilution test.The eradication rate was examined via intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.The clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole resistance rates were 26.12%,28.69%,and 96.79%,respectively.Resistance against amoxicillin and furazolidone was rare.The eradication rates for TATT,TRBQT,and TABQT were 67.32%,63.69%,and 85.99%in the ITT analysis(P<0.001)and 74.64%,68.49%,and 91.22%in the PP analysis(P<0.001),respectively.The efficacy of TABQTwas affected by clarithromycin resistance,and bismuth exerted a direct influence on TATT failure.TABQT was the most efficacious regimen for use in high-resistance regions,especially among clarithromycin-susceptible patients.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773122 and No.51933007)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFH0084)
文摘In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entanglement between the two phases of the PLA/POE blend was innovatively constructed via the facile reactive melt blending process through the reaction of the epoxy/anhydride groups grafted on the POE chains with the end groups of PLA chains(PLA/GPOE-MPOE).It was observed that POE domains were embedded tightly in PLA matrix with a fuzzy interface and abundant interface transition area,and the impact fractured surface of the blend showed an obvious plastic deformation with less occurrence of fibrillation of PLA matrix or interfacial de-bonding.Compared with neat PLA and directly blended PLA/POE blends,the PLA/GPOE-MPOE blend exhibited much higher complex viscosity/storage modulus,much lower tanδvalues in the terminal region,and obvious strain-hardening behavior.The deviation in viscoelastic behavior of PLA/GPOE-MPOE from linear PLA indicated the enhanced molecular entanglement between the long-branched chains,resulting in an enhancement of the stretching ability during biaxial drawing of the blend.Uniform PLA/GPOE-MPOE films with draw ratio as high as 7×7 were obtained through biaxial stretching,which showed much higher tensile strength and the elongation at break than that of neat PLA and PLA/POE film.This work provides a facile method for fabricating toughening PLA films with application potentials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11572303)。
文摘The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.
文摘BACKGROUND Hallux valgus(HV)is a common foot deformity that manifests with increasing age,especially in women.The associated foot pain causes impaired gait and decreases quality of life.Moderate and severe HV is a deformity that is charac-terized by the involvement of lesser rays and requires complex surgical treatment.In this study,we attempted to develop a procedure for this condition.AIM To analyse the treatment results of patients who underwent simultaneous surgical correction of all parts of a static forefoot deformity.METHODS We conducted a prospective clinical trial between 2016 and 2021 in which 30 feet with moderate or severe HV associated with Tailor’s bunion and metatarsalgia were surgically treated via a new method involving surgical correction of all associated problems.This method included a modified Lapidus procedure,M2M3 tarsometatarsal arthrodesis,intermetatarsal fusion of the M4 and M5 bases,and the use of an original external fixation apparatus to enhance correction power.Preoperative,postoperative,and final follow-up radiographic data and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)scores were compared,and P values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study included 28 females(93.3%)and 2 males feet(6.7%),20(66.7%)of whom had a moderate degree of HV and 10(33.3%)of whom had severe deformity.M2 and M3 metatarsalgia was observed in 21 feet,and 9 feet experienced pain only at M2.The mean follow-up duration was 11 months.All patients had good correction of the HV angle[preoperative median,36.5 degrees,interquartile range(IQR):30-45;postoperative median,10 degrees,IQR:8.8-10;follow-up median,11.5 degrees,IQR:10-14;P<0.01].At follow-up,metatarsalgia was resolved in most patients(30 vs 5).There was a clinically negligible decrease in the corrected angles at the final follow-up,and the overall AOFAS score was significantly better(median,65 points,IQR:53.8-70;vs 80 points,IQR:75-85;P<0.01).CONCLUSION The developed method showed good sustainability of correction power in a small sample of patients at the one-year follow-up.Randomized clinical trials with larger samples,as well as long-term outcome assessments,are needed in the future.
文摘The five -layer asymmetric coupled quantum well ( FACQW) , which is one of the potential -tailored quantum wells, is expected to show very large electrorefrac live index cha nge in a wideband transpar ency region far from the absorption edge. Characteristics of the FACQW and its application to compact, ultrafast , low voltage optical modul ators and switches are dis cussed.
