To test the patterns of the root morphology and architecture indexes of Tamarix chinensis in response to water and salt changes in the two media of the groundwater and soil,three-year-old T.chinensis seedlings were ch...To test the patterns of the root morphology and architecture indexes of Tamarix chinensis in response to water and salt changes in the two media of the groundwater and soil,three-year-old T.chinensis seedlings were chosen as the research object.Groundwater with four salinity levels was created,and three groundwater level(GL)were applied for each salinity treatment to measure the root growth and architecture indexes.In the fresh water and brackish water treatments,the topological index(TI)of the T.chinensis roots was close to 0.5,and the root architecture was close to a dichotomous branching pattern.In the saline water and saltwater treatments,the TI of the T.chinensis roots was large and close to 1.0,and the root architecture was close to a herringbone-like branching pattern.Under different GLs and salinities,the total root length was significantly greater than the internal link length,the external link length was greater than the internal link length,and the root system showed an outward expansion strategy.The treatment with fresh water and a GL of 1.5 m was the most suitable for T.chinensis root growth,while the root growth of T.chinensis was the worst in the treatment with saline water and a GL of 0.3 m.T.chinensis can adapt to the changes in soil water and salt by regulating the growth and morphological characteristics of the root system.T.chinensis can adapt to high-salt environments by reducing its root branching and to water deficiencies by expanding the distribution and absorption area of the root system.展开更多
The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as ...The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as the water sources of Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, remain unclear. This study investigated the water sources and water use patterns of T. laxa using the stable oxygen isotope method. The δ^(18)O values of xylem water, soil water in different layers(0–200 cm), rainwater, snow water, lake water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, and groundwater were measured. The sources of water used by T. laxa were determined using the IsoSource model. The results indicate that T. laxa mainly relies on soil water. At the beginning of the growing season(in May), the species is primarily dependent on water from the middle soil layer(60–120 cm) and deep soil layer(120–200 cm). However, it mainly absorbs water from the shallow soil layer(0–60 cm) as the rainy season commences. In September, water use of T. laxa reverts to the deep soil layer(120–200 cm). The water use patterns of T. laxa are closely linked with heavy precipitation events and soil water content. These findings reveal the drought resistance mechanisms of T. laxa and are of significance for screening species for ecological restoration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Tamarix chinensis Lour(TCL)is a shrub that usually grows in arid or semiarid desert areas and saline-alkali fields.It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hepatoprotective,antioxidant,antibacterial...BACKGROUND Tamarix chinensis Lour(TCL)is a shrub that usually grows in arid or semiarid desert areas and saline-alkali fields.It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hepatoprotective,antioxidant,antibacterial,and antitumor activities.AIM To investigate the possible protective effects of TCL against liver injury induced by chronic ethanol intake.METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli lipid diet containing alcohol and received(by gavage)a water-alcohol extract(80%)of TCL(100 and 200 mg/kg BW)or distilled water for 4 wk.After euthanasia,liver tissues were observed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil red O staining,and the levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,hepatic lipids,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase were measured.In addition,expression of the NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome and downstream proinflammatory cytokines were determined.RESULTS Compared with the ethanol group,mice in the TCL-treated group(200 mg/kg)had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(mean,34.1 IU/L vs 45.3 IU/L,P<0.01)and aspartate transaminase(mean,89.6 IU/L vs 115.7 IU/L,P<0.01),as well as marked reduction of hepatic tissue reactive oxygen species(decreased by 27.5%,P<0.01)and malondialdehyde(decreased by 76.6%,P<0.01)levels,with a significant increase of superoxide dismutase(Increased by 73.2%,P<0.01).Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6],and recruitment of natural killer T cells to the liver,were reduced in the TCLtreated incubation with a Lieber-DeCaril ethanol lipid diet group.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a TCL extract(200 mg/kg)protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury,probably by inhibiting the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βsignaling pathway and suppressing oxidative stress.展开更多
Tamarix taklamakanensis,a dominant species in the Taklimakan Desert of China,plays a crucial role in stabilizing sand dunes and maintaining regional ecosystem stability.This study aimed to determine the water use stra...Tamarix taklamakanensis,a dominant species in the Taklimakan Desert of China,plays a crucial role in stabilizing sand dunes and maintaining regional ecosystem stability.This study aimed to determine the water use strategies of T.taklamakanensis in the Taklimakan Desert under a falling groundwater depth.Four typical T.taklamakanensis nabkha habitats(sandy desert of Tazhong site,saline desert-alluvial plain of Qiemo site,desert-oasis ecotone of Qira site and desert-oasis ecotone of Aral site)were selected with different climate,soil,groundwater and plant cover conditions.Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen were measured for plant xylem water,soil water(soil depths within 0–500 cm),snowmelt water and groundwater in the different habitats.Four potential water sources for T.taklamakanensis,defined as shallow,middle and deep soil water,as well as groundwater,were investigated using a Bayesian isotope mixing model.It was found that groundwater in the Taklimakan Desert was not completely recharged by precipitation,but through the river runoff from snowmelt water in the nearby mountain ranges.The surface soil water content was quickly depleted by strong evaporation,groundwater depth was relatively shallow and the height of T.taklamakanensis nabkha was relatively low,thus T.taklamakanensis primarily utilized the middle(23%±1%)and deep(31%±5%)soil water and groundwater(36%±2%)within the sandy desert habitat.T.taklamakanensis mainly used the deep soil water(55%±4%)and a small amount of groundwater(25%±2%)within the saline desert-alluvial plain habitat,where the soil water content was relatively high and the groundwater depth was shallow.In contrast,within the desert-oasis ecotone in the Qira and Aral sites,T.taklamakanensis primarily utilized the deep soil water(35%±1%and 38%±2%,respectively)and may also use groundwater because the height of T.taklamakanensis nabkha was relatively high in these habitats and the soil water content was relatively low,which is associated with the reduced groundwater depth due to excessive water resource exploitation and utilization by surrounding cities.Consequently,T.taklamakanensis showed distinct water use strategies among the different habitats and primarily depended on the relatively stable water sources(deep soil water and groundwater),reflecting its adaptations to the different habitats in the arid desert environment.These findings improve our understanding on determining the water sources and water use strategies of T.taklamakanensis in the Taklimakan Desert.展开更多
vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physi...vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.展开更多
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)plays imp...Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree including ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of At TPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimulation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused particularly strong induction of Th TPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.hispida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the Th TPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.展开更多
One of the most significant plant invasions in the U.S. has been that of the Old World genus Tamarix. While Tamarix spp. is widely studied, surprisingly little is known about more complex trophically-linked community ...One of the most significant plant invasions in the U.S. has been that of the Old World genus Tamarix. While Tamarix spp. is widely studied, surprisingly little is known about more complex trophically-linked community mechanisms influencing under-canopy succession. We investigated multi- trophic interactions among Tamarix spp., nonnative host-specific Opsius stactogalus leafhopper distribution and honeydew production, and the Tamarix spp. canopy floor fungal assemblage. We quantified leafhopper abundance and honeydew throughfall, and tested under-canopy seed viability and seedling mortality across a 1600 m elevation gradient in the lower Colorado River basin in 2007. We conducted field and laboratory experiments in 2007-08 to test the effects of Tamarix spp. litter fungi, synthetic honeydew, and the combination of those variables on germination and seedling survivorship of three common, co-occurring phreatophyte (riparian groundwater-dependent plant) species. Tamarix spp. litter and honeydew treatments reduced understory seed viability and recruitment of two native, woody riparian species (Populus fremontii and Baccharis salicina), as well as Tamarix spp. Four major patterns were detected. 1) Litter fungi alone and synthetic honeydew alone reduced seed viability and seedling survivorship of all three species by two- to four-fold. 2) Synthetic honeydew + litter reduced Tamarix spp. and P. fremontii seed and seedling viability by up to 10-fold. 3) Synthetic honeydew concentration and seedling mortality were positively related among all three plant species. 4) B. salicina was less susceptible to all treatments than Tamarix spp. and P. fremontii. These results indicate that complex interactions among nonnative Tamarix spp., nonnative Opsius leafhopper honeydew production, and soil fungi may influence riparian phreatophyte recruitment and succession.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of Tamarix aphylla(T. aphylla)leaves in STZ–NIC induced diabetes in Wister Albino rats.Methods: Acute toxicity study was done to check the toxicity of T. aphylla...Objective: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of Tamarix aphylla(T. aphylla)leaves in STZ–NIC induced diabetes in Wister Albino rats.Methods: Acute toxicity study was done to check the toxicity of T. aphylla(L. Karst)methanol extract. T. aphylla leaves extract was administered intraperitoneally(100 mg,250 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight per day) to diabetic Wister rats for 21 days. The various parameters were studied including fasting blood glucose levels, haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin.Results: The treatment groups with the extract at three dose levels expressively abridged the intensities of blood glucose and Glycosylated Haemoglobin. The earlier detected reduced level of plasma haemoglobin of the diabetic rats was raised to near normalcy with treatment of extract.Conclusions: The results of the current study confirm that the leaves extract of T. aphylla are nontoxic and have antidiabetic nature.展开更多
There are typical ecosystems of littoral wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.In order to study the relationships between Tamarix chinensis and environmental variables and to predict T.chinensis potential distribution i...There are typical ecosystems of littoral wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.In order to study the relationships between Tamarix chinensis and environmental variables and to predict T.chinensis potential distribution in the Yellow River Delta,641 vegetation samples and 964 soil samples were collected in the area in October of 2004,2005,2006 and 2007.The contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,salt,and soluble potassium were determined.Then,the analyzed data were interpolated into spatial raster data by Kriging interpolation method.Meanwhile,the digital elevation model,soil type map and landform unit map of the Yellow River Delta were also collected.Generalized Additive Models(GAMs) were employed to build species-environment model and then simulate the potential distribution of T.chinensis.The results indicated that the distribution of T.chinensis was mainly limited by soil salt content,total soil phosphorus content,soluble potassium content,soil type,landform unit,and elevation.The distribution probability of T.chinensis was produced with a lookup table generated by Grasp Module(based on GAMs) in software ArcView GIS 3.2.The AUC(Area Under Curve) value of validation and cross-validation of ROC(Receive Operating Characteristic) were both higher than 0.8,which suggested that the established model had a high precision for predicting species distribution.展开更多
The fourth most predominant overwhelming type of trauma is burn injuries worldwide.Ideal wound healing dressings help in the wound healing process in a lower time with less pain.Commonly used dry wound dressing,like a...The fourth most predominant overwhelming type of trauma is burn injuries worldwide.Ideal wound healing dressings help in the wound healing process in a lower time with less pain.Commonly used dry wound dressing,like absorbent gauze or absorbent cotton,possess limited therapeutic effects and require repeated use,which further exaggerates patients’suffering.In contrast,hydrogels films present a promising alternative to improve healing by guaranteeing a moisture balance at the wound site.The aim of the current study was to synthesize Tamarix aphylla(T.aphylla)extract-loaded hydrogel film with Na-CMC and pectin and to study their wound healing properties.The Na-CMC/Pectin hydrogels films were synthesized and characterized for HPLC analysis,FTIR,surface morphology,rheology,tensile strength,swelling behavior,drug release kinetics,and in vivo wound healing in an animal model.FTIR confirmed the existence of strong interaction between both polymers but no interaction with the extract.SEM photographs showed successful embedding of extract in small pores of hydrogel film and showed smooth and homogenous morphology.Rheological and texture profiles indicated that hydrogels behaved as strong gels.Swelling and erosion were dependent on the amount of the CMC.HPLC showed drug content of three selected formulation(A3,E3 and S3)as 85±0.1%,82.5±0.4%and 80±0.3%,respectively.The release of the drug from the hydrogel was controlled by a Fickian diffusion mechanism.In vivo wound healing activity of hydrogel film confirmed that T.aphylla extract successfully promoted healing rate by significantly reducing(P<0.05)the size of wound closure compared to the control group,evidenced by intensive collagen formation in histopathological and biochemical analysis.The capability of these hydrogels for burn wounds could be valuable for medical uses as a new window of safe and effective medication.展开更多
In order to understand the spatial distribution of heavy metals in coastal wetlands,Tamarix chinensis wetlands on the south bank of Bohai Bay were selected as the research object.The content of Cr,Mn,Ni,Zn and Cu in s...In order to understand the spatial distribution of heavy metals in coastal wetlands,Tamarix chinensis wetlands on the south bank of Bohai Bay were selected as the research object.The content of Cr,Mn,Ni,Zn and Cu in soil was determined by sampling method in April 2018.The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and causes were studied.The results showed that except for Cr,Ni and Zn,the content of other heavy metals in this area did not exceed the background value of soil environment in Shandong Province.The study area was slightly polluted by these three heavy metals.In the vertical direction,the content of Cr,Mn,Cu and Ni followed the law of surface layer>middle layer>bottom layer,while the content of Zn was higher in the bottom layer,which needed to be further studied.In the horizontal direction,the content of the five heavy metals was not significantly different according to the distance from the coastline.There was no significant difference in the content of heavy metals between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil.There was a significant correlation between the content of heavy metal elements,except Mn,the content of heavy metals was significantly correlated with the content of soil organic matter.The content of some heavy metals was significantly correlated with the content of available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2006215)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770761)+2 种基金the Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes,YICCAS(2019SDHADKFJJ16)the Natural Science Foundation of Shangdong Province(ZR2020QD003)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(TSQN201909152)。
文摘To test the patterns of the root morphology and architecture indexes of Tamarix chinensis in response to water and salt changes in the two media of the groundwater and soil,three-year-old T.chinensis seedlings were chosen as the research object.Groundwater with four salinity levels was created,and three groundwater level(GL)were applied for each salinity treatment to measure the root growth and architecture indexes.In the fresh water and brackish water treatments,the topological index(TI)of the T.chinensis roots was close to 0.5,and the root architecture was close to a dichotomous branching pattern.In the saline water and saltwater treatments,the TI of the T.chinensis roots was large and close to 1.0,and the root architecture was close to a herringbone-like branching pattern.Under different GLs and salinities,the total root length was significantly greater than the internal link length,the external link length was greater than the internal link length,and the root system showed an outward expansion strategy.The treatment with fresh water and a GL of 1.5 m was the most suitable for T.chinensis root growth,while the root growth of T.chinensis was the worst in the treatment with saline water and a GL of 0.3 m.T.chinensis can adapt to the changes in soil water and salt by regulating the growth and morphological characteristics of the root system.T.chinensis can adapt to high-salt environments by reducing its root branching and to water deficiencies by expanding the distribution and absorption area of the root system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530745, 41371114, 41361004)the State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating,Gansu Desert Control Research Institute for providing support for sample testing
文摘The complex interactions in desert ecosystems between functional types and environmental conditions could be reflected by plant water use patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the water use patterns as well as the water sources of Tamarix laxa in the mega-dunes of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, remain unclear. This study investigated the water sources and water use patterns of T. laxa using the stable oxygen isotope method. The δ^(18)O values of xylem water, soil water in different layers(0–200 cm), rainwater, snow water, lake water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, and groundwater were measured. The sources of water used by T. laxa were determined using the IsoSource model. The results indicate that T. laxa mainly relies on soil water. At the beginning of the growing season(in May), the species is primarily dependent on water from the middle soil layer(60–120 cm) and deep soil layer(120–200 cm). However, it mainly absorbs water from the shallow soil layer(0–60 cm) as the rainy season commences. In September, water use of T. laxa reverts to the deep soil layer(120–200 cm). The water use patterns of T. laxa are closely linked with heavy precipitation events and soil water content. These findings reveal the drought resistance mechanisms of T. laxa and are of significance for screening species for ecological restoration.
基金the Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciencethe Science and Technology Major Project of Shandong province,No.2015ZDJS03002.
文摘BACKGROUND Tamarix chinensis Lour(TCL)is a shrub that usually grows in arid or semiarid desert areas and saline-alkali fields.It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hepatoprotective,antioxidant,antibacterial,and antitumor activities.AIM To investigate the possible protective effects of TCL against liver injury induced by chronic ethanol intake.METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli lipid diet containing alcohol and received(by gavage)a water-alcohol extract(80%)of TCL(100 and 200 mg/kg BW)or distilled water for 4 wk.After euthanasia,liver tissues were observed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil red O staining,and the levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,hepatic lipids,reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and superoxide dismutase were measured.In addition,expression of the NOD-like receptor family,pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome and downstream proinflammatory cytokines were determined.RESULTS Compared with the ethanol group,mice in the TCL-treated group(200 mg/kg)had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(mean,34.1 IU/L vs 45.3 IU/L,P<0.01)and aspartate transaminase(mean,89.6 IU/L vs 115.7 IU/L,P<0.01),as well as marked reduction of hepatic tissue reactive oxygen species(decreased by 27.5%,P<0.01)and malondialdehyde(decreased by 76.6%,P<0.01)levels,with a significant increase of superoxide dismutase(Increased by 73.2%,P<0.01).Expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream cytokines[interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,and IL-6],and recruitment of natural killer T cells to the liver,were reduced in the TCLtreated incubation with a Lieber-DeCaril ethanol lipid diet group.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a TCL extract(200 mg/kg)protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury,probably by inhibiting the NLRP3-caspase-1-IL-1βsignaling pathway and suppressing oxidative stress.
基金supported by the "Research and Development of Sand Prevention Technology of Highway and Soil Erosion Control Technology of Pipelines" of the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences "Environmental Changes and Silk Road Civilization in Pan-Third Pole Region"(XDA2003020201)the Key Inter-governmental Projects for International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation of the National Key Research and Development Program of China:"China-Mongolia Cooperation Research and Demonstration in Grassland Desertification Control Technology"(2017YFE0109200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571011,31971731,U1703102)the Key Technical Personnel(Y932111)the Thousand Youth Talents Plan Project(Y472241001)
文摘Tamarix taklamakanensis,a dominant species in the Taklimakan Desert of China,plays a crucial role in stabilizing sand dunes and maintaining regional ecosystem stability.This study aimed to determine the water use strategies of T.taklamakanensis in the Taklimakan Desert under a falling groundwater depth.Four typical T.taklamakanensis nabkha habitats(sandy desert of Tazhong site,saline desert-alluvial plain of Qiemo site,desert-oasis ecotone of Qira site and desert-oasis ecotone of Aral site)were selected with different climate,soil,groundwater and plant cover conditions.Stable isotope values of hydrogen and oxygen were measured for plant xylem water,soil water(soil depths within 0–500 cm),snowmelt water and groundwater in the different habitats.Four potential water sources for T.taklamakanensis,defined as shallow,middle and deep soil water,as well as groundwater,were investigated using a Bayesian isotope mixing model.It was found that groundwater in the Taklimakan Desert was not completely recharged by precipitation,but through the river runoff from snowmelt water in the nearby mountain ranges.The surface soil water content was quickly depleted by strong evaporation,groundwater depth was relatively shallow and the height of T.taklamakanensis nabkha was relatively low,thus T.taklamakanensis primarily utilized the middle(23%±1%)and deep(31%±5%)soil water and groundwater(36%±2%)within the sandy desert habitat.T.taklamakanensis mainly used the deep soil water(55%±4%)and a small amount of groundwater(25%±2%)within the saline desert-alluvial plain habitat,where the soil water content was relatively high and the groundwater depth was shallow.In contrast,within the desert-oasis ecotone in the Qira and Aral sites,T.taklamakanensis primarily utilized the deep soil water(35%±1%and 38%±2%,respectively)and may also use groundwater because the height of T.taklamakanensis nabkha was relatively high in these habitats and the soil water content was relatively low,which is associated with the reduced groundwater depth due to excessive water resource exploitation and utilization by surrounding cities.Consequently,T.taklamakanensis showed distinct water use strategies among the different habitats and primarily depended on the relatively stable water sources(deep soil water and groundwater),reflecting its adaptations to the different habitats in the arid desert environment.These findings improve our understanding on determining the water sources and water use strategies of T.taklamakanensis in the Taklimakan Desert.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31770761)the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong province (2019LY006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (No.ZR2017LEE023)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong province,P.R.China(No.TSQN201909152)。
文摘vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.
基金supported by the Province in Heilongjiang Outstanding Youth Science Fund(JC2017004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31370676)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team)。
文摘Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with high stability and strong water absorption properties that can improve the resistance of organisms to various abiotic stresses.Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase(TPS)plays important roles in trehalose metabolism and signaling.In this study,the full-length cDNA of ThTPS was cloned from Tamarix hispida Willd.A phylogenetic tree including ThTPS and 11 AtTPS genes from Arabidopsis indicated that the ThTPS protein had a close evolutionary relationship with AtTPS7.However,the function of At TPS7 has not been determined.To analyze the abiotic stress tolerance function of ThTPS,the expression of ThTPS in T.hispida under salt and drought stress and JA,ABA and GA3 hormone stimulation was monitored by qRT-PCR.The results show that ThTPS expression was clearly induced by all five of these treatments at one or more times,and salt stress caused particularly strong induction of Th TPS in the roots of T.hispida.The ThTPS gene was transiently overexpressed in T.hispida.Both physiological indexes and staining results showed that ThTPS gene overexpression increased salt and osmotic stress tolerance in T.hispida.Overall,the Th TPS gene can respond to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought,and its overexpression can significantly improve salt and osmotic tolerance.These findings establish a foundation to better understand the responses of TPS genes to abiotic stress in plants.
文摘One of the most significant plant invasions in the U.S. has been that of the Old World genus Tamarix. While Tamarix spp. is widely studied, surprisingly little is known about more complex trophically-linked community mechanisms influencing under-canopy succession. We investigated multi- trophic interactions among Tamarix spp., nonnative host-specific Opsius stactogalus leafhopper distribution and honeydew production, and the Tamarix spp. canopy floor fungal assemblage. We quantified leafhopper abundance and honeydew throughfall, and tested under-canopy seed viability and seedling mortality across a 1600 m elevation gradient in the lower Colorado River basin in 2007. We conducted field and laboratory experiments in 2007-08 to test the effects of Tamarix spp. litter fungi, synthetic honeydew, and the combination of those variables on germination and seedling survivorship of three common, co-occurring phreatophyte (riparian groundwater-dependent plant) species. Tamarix spp. litter and honeydew treatments reduced understory seed viability and recruitment of two native, woody riparian species (Populus fremontii and Baccharis salicina), as well as Tamarix spp. Four major patterns were detected. 1) Litter fungi alone and synthetic honeydew alone reduced seed viability and seedling survivorship of all three species by two- to four-fold. 2) Synthetic honeydew + litter reduced Tamarix spp. and P. fremontii seed and seedling viability by up to 10-fold. 3) Synthetic honeydew concentration and seedling mortality were positively related among all three plant species. 4) B. salicina was less susceptible to all treatments than Tamarix spp. and P. fremontii. These results indicate that complex interactions among nonnative Tamarix spp., nonnative Opsius leafhopper honeydew production, and soil fungi may influence riparian phreatophyte recruitment and succession.
基金supported by Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University with grant no. of 06472414
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic potential of Tamarix aphylla(T. aphylla)leaves in STZ–NIC induced diabetes in Wister Albino rats.Methods: Acute toxicity study was done to check the toxicity of T. aphylla(L. Karst)methanol extract. T. aphylla leaves extract was administered intraperitoneally(100 mg,250 mg and 400 mg/kg body weight per day) to diabetic Wister rats for 21 days. The various parameters were studied including fasting blood glucose levels, haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin.Results: The treatment groups with the extract at three dose levels expressively abridged the intensities of blood glucose and Glycosylated Haemoglobin. The earlier detected reduced level of plasma haemoglobin of the diabetic rats was raised to near normalcy with treatment of extract.Conclusions: The results of the current study confirm that the leaves extract of T. aphylla are nontoxic and have antidiabetic nature.
基金Under the auspices of the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 41001363)Autonomous Project of State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Geo-information Tupu Theory and Virtual Geoscience
文摘There are typical ecosystems of littoral wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.In order to study the relationships between Tamarix chinensis and environmental variables and to predict T.chinensis potential distribution in the Yellow River Delta,641 vegetation samples and 964 soil samples were collected in the area in October of 2004,2005,2006 and 2007.The contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,salt,and soluble potassium were determined.Then,the analyzed data were interpolated into spatial raster data by Kriging interpolation method.Meanwhile,the digital elevation model,soil type map and landform unit map of the Yellow River Delta were also collected.Generalized Additive Models(GAMs) were employed to build species-environment model and then simulate the potential distribution of T.chinensis.The results indicated that the distribution of T.chinensis was mainly limited by soil salt content,total soil phosphorus content,soluble potassium content,soil type,landform unit,and elevation.The distribution probability of T.chinensis was produced with a lookup table generated by Grasp Module(based on GAMs) in software ArcView GIS 3.2.The AUC(Area Under Curve) value of validation and cross-validation of ROC(Receive Operating Characteristic) were both higher than 0.8,which suggested that the established model had a high precision for predicting species distribution.
文摘The fourth most predominant overwhelming type of trauma is burn injuries worldwide.Ideal wound healing dressings help in the wound healing process in a lower time with less pain.Commonly used dry wound dressing,like absorbent gauze or absorbent cotton,possess limited therapeutic effects and require repeated use,which further exaggerates patients’suffering.In contrast,hydrogels films present a promising alternative to improve healing by guaranteeing a moisture balance at the wound site.The aim of the current study was to synthesize Tamarix aphylla(T.aphylla)extract-loaded hydrogel film with Na-CMC and pectin and to study their wound healing properties.The Na-CMC/Pectin hydrogels films were synthesized and characterized for HPLC analysis,FTIR,surface morphology,rheology,tensile strength,swelling behavior,drug release kinetics,and in vivo wound healing in an animal model.FTIR confirmed the existence of strong interaction between both polymers but no interaction with the extract.SEM photographs showed successful embedding of extract in small pores of hydrogel film and showed smooth and homogenous morphology.Rheological and texture profiles indicated that hydrogels behaved as strong gels.Swelling and erosion were dependent on the amount of the CMC.HPLC showed drug content of three selected formulation(A3,E3 and S3)as 85±0.1%,82.5±0.4%and 80±0.3%,respectively.The release of the drug from the hydrogel was controlled by a Fickian diffusion mechanism.In vivo wound healing activity of hydrogel film confirmed that T.aphylla extract successfully promoted healing rate by significantly reducing(P<0.05)the size of wound closure compared to the control group,evidenced by intensive collagen formation in histopathological and biochemical analysis.The capability of these hydrogels for burn wounds could be valuable for medical uses as a new window of safe and effective medication.
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Binzhou University(BZXYLG 1925).
文摘In order to understand the spatial distribution of heavy metals in coastal wetlands,Tamarix chinensis wetlands on the south bank of Bohai Bay were selected as the research object.The content of Cr,Mn,Ni,Zn and Cu in soil was determined by sampling method in April 2018.The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals and causes were studied.The results showed that except for Cr,Ni and Zn,the content of other heavy metals in this area did not exceed the background value of soil environment in Shandong Province.The study area was slightly polluted by these three heavy metals.In the vertical direction,the content of Cr,Mn,Cu and Ni followed the law of surface layer>middle layer>bottom layer,while the content of Zn was higher in the bottom layer,which needed to be further studied.In the horizontal direction,the content of the five heavy metals was not significantly different according to the distance from the coastline.There was no significant difference in the content of heavy metals between rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil.There was a significant correlation between the content of heavy metal elements,except Mn,the content of heavy metals was significantly correlated with the content of soil organic matter.The content of some heavy metals was significantly correlated with the content of available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen.
