Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the ...Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.展开更多
In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism...In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism is not clear.This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism.The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG)and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(M),Shoutai pills group(S),progesterone group(P)and normal group(N).All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day.The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively,and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively.After treatment for 7 days,the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues.The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Thl cytokines[interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)]and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-6,IL-10).The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(L1F)and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR.As compared with N group,the expression levels of IFN-y and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased,and those of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10.LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased(P<0.05).As compared with M group,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and those of IFN-γand IL-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4.1L-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γand IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation.The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balanee of Th1/Th2 cytokines.展开更多
Objective To study the expression and switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas. Methods Interleukin（IL）-2 and interferon-3, represent Thl typ...Objective To study the expression and switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas. Methods Interleukin（IL）-2 and interferon-3, represent Thl type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The biological activity of cytokines in the supematant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Results The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues. Conclusion There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.展开更多
With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune respon...With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune response before proceeding with immunization of foreign antigens that may be toxic to camels.In this study,we quantitatively determined the expression levels of T-helper 2(Th2) cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Bactrian camels by real-time PCR.The recorded kinetic profiles resulting from the immunization of ovalbumin(OVA) indicated that after immunization,Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL) families such as IL-4,IL-10,and IL-13 in the camels were up-regulated by a factor of 1.78,3.15,and 1.22,respectively,which was validated by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods.Unlike ELISA which requires specific enzyme-labeled antibodies,this established method based on the minimal amount of blood samples holds an advantage in the preliminary evaluation of camel humoral immune response with desirable precision,which is meaningful for biomedical explorations of camel-derived antibodies.展开更多
Objective: This study analyzed the T lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 type cytokine profile shift in the peripheral blood ofpatients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH). Methods: Immunofluorescent staining or cell surface anti...Objective: This study analyzed the T lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 type cytokine profile shift in the peripheral blood ofpatients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH). Methods: Immunofluorescent staining or cell surface antigenand intracellular cytokines(IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-r)inperipheral blood from 20 RGH patients and 10 controls wereanalyzed using flow cytometric techniques. Results: RGH patients had signiflcantly lower levels ofCD3^+T cells, CD4^+T cells and CD4^+ T/ CD8^+ T cells ratiocompared to control levels (P<0.001), and IL-2-producing,IFN-r-producing and IL-12-producing T cells were increasedin RGH patients (CD4^+T: P<0.001, CD8^+T: P<0.05respectively), whereas IL-4-producing T cells were increased inRGH patients compared to controls (CD4^+T: P<0.05; CD8^+T:P<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: RGH patients have T lymphocyte subsetvariations and Th1/Th2 cytokine changes. The increase in Th2cells Th1/Th2 imbalance may have important implications forRGH pathogenesis.展开更多
In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of ...In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animals were pretreated with estradiol. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the vagina in the mice of different groups at different time points after the beginning of the experiment. The average expression level of IL-2 mRNA in group D （estrogen-treated mice） was significantly higher than that in groups H （estrogen-untreated mice） and I （control group） on the day 2. The average expression level of IL-4 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups I and H on the day 5. The average expression level of IL-10 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I from day 7 to 11. The average expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I at all time points. It was concludes that the high-level expression of IL-2 mRNA during early infection was associated with clearance of mucosal C. albicans, and the high-level expression of IL-10 mRNA during late stage of the infection was related to susceptibility to infection. TGF-β1 may play a predominant role when the virtual absence of changes in other Th-type cytokines during infection.展开更多
To the Editor:Burkitt’s lymphoma(BL)is the most common subtype of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),accounting for nearly 40%of cases.[1,2]The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate is nearly 90%owing to the use of existi...To the Editor:Burkitt’s lymphoma(BL)is the most common subtype of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),accounting for nearly 40%of cases.[1,2]The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate is nearly 90%owing to the use of existing standard chemotherapy regimens in conjunction with rituximab.[2]Approximately 25%patients with pediatric BL present with central nervous system(CNS)disease and a poor prognosis.[1]The significance of the expressions of T helper 1/T helper 2(Th1/Th2)cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in the occurrence,development,and prognosis of adult malignant lymphoma has been reported in the literature,but data on pediatric BL are limited.This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cytokines and lymphocyte subset expression in patients with pediatric BL,identify the differences between the CNS-positive and CNS-negative groups,and determine the risk factors in the CNS-positive group.展开更多
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in huge amounts for many plastic products and is a hormone (estrogen) disrupting agent. BPA as well as FFAs may be deleterious for the immune system. The aim was to identify Th2 cytokines and...Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in huge amounts for many plastic products and is a hormone (estrogen) disrupting agent. BPA as well as FFAs may be deleterious for the immune system. The aim was to identify Th2 cytokines and some of their signal transduction mechanisms in INS-1 cells, an insulin secreting cell line. Screening using a proteome profile indicated an increase of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 by BPA. Also FFAs (in combination with LPS) were positive. In detailed quantitative measurements, these results were confirmedly indicating a complex array of pro-and anti-inflammatory potential. The interaction of BPA with 17β-estradiol was non-additive with respect to IL-4 and IL-6 release and additive with respect to FFA interaction indicating same and different mechanisms of action, respecttively. As signal transduction PI3K (Wortmannin-sensitive) and STAT-3/6 (Tofacitinib-sensitive) are involved in various effects, INS-1 cells release several cytokines due to BPA and FFA attack which may be involved in disturbance of glucose homoeostasis and type 1 diabetes.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Th1/Th2 cytokines and immune function in patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 undergoing...Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Th1/Th2 cytokines and immune function in patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer were studied in 79 patients, were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Two groups of patients with routine preoperative preparation, monitoring blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, establish vein channel, using propofol, remifentanil, vecuronium induced anesthesia, observation group before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, 10 min after infusion, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion to the end of the operation, the control group with normal saline continuous infusion till the end of the operation. Two groups of patients before induction of anesthesia (T0), at the end of operation (T1), 6 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 72 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood determination of interleukin-2 by ELISA method (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), calculated IFN-γ/IL-4 in T0, T2, T3, T4from peripheral blood. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cells were determined by flow cytometry and CD4+/CD8+ were calculated. Results: Two groups of IL-2 and IFN- in T1, T2, T3gamma, T4is higher than T0, IL-10 less than T0, and the observation group IFN-γ/IL-4 is higher than T0, the control group was lower than that of T0when compared with T0significant difference, 2 in group IL-4 had no obvious changes were observed in group IL-2;IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 in T1, T2, T3, T4higher than the control group, IL-10 was lower than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, NK cells in T2group was lower than that of T0, T3, and CD8+ had no obvious change, compared with T0significant difference;the observation group CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, T2, T3in NK cells was higher than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the stress response during the perioperative period of radical mastectomy, correct the balance disorder of Th1/Th2, improve the level of T lymphocyte subsets, and exert better immune protection function.展开更多
AIM： To investigate if an immune imbalance may account for the development and progression of chronic radiation enteritis. We analyzed the Th1/Th2 immune response profile early and 6 mo after fractionated colorectal ...AIM： To investigate if an immune imbalance may account for the development and progression of chronic radiation enteritis. We analyzed the Th1/Th2 immune response profile early and 6 mo after fractionated colorectal irradiation. METHODS： A rat model of fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation （4-Gy fractions, 3 fractions per week） was designed to investigate the effects of cumulative dose on inflammatory mediators （cytokines and chemo- kines） and immune response （Th1/Th2 profile and immunosuppressive mediator IL-10） during acute （early） response and 6 mo after the end of fractionated irradiation （chronic response）. Analyses were performed 1 d after the cumulative doses of 16 Gy and 36 Gy and 1 d, 3 d, and 26 wk after the cumulative dose of 52 Gy. RESULTS： Without causing histological damage, fractionated radiation induced elevated expression of IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1, and iNOS in distal colonic mucosa during the early post-irradiation phase. At that time, a Th2 profile was confirmed by expression of both the Th2- specific transcription factor GATA-3 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 and by suppression of the Thl cytokine IFNγ/IP-10 throughout the irradiation protocol. After 6 mo, despite the 2-fold reduction of iNOS and MCP-1 levels, the Th2 profile persisted, as shown by a 50% reduction in the expression of the Thl transcription factor T-bet, the chemokine receptor CCXCR3, and the IFNγ/ STAT1 pathway. At the same time-point, the immunosuppressive IL-10/STAT3 pathway, known to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance, was expressed, in irradiated rats, at approximately half its level as compared to controls.This suppression was associated with an overexpression of SOCS3, which inhibits the feedback of the Thl polarization and regulates IL-10 production. CONCLUSION： Colorectal irradiation induces Th2 polarization, defective IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation and SOCS3 overexpression. These changes, in turn, maintain a immunological imbalance that persists in the long term.展开更多
As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis（EP） is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-l...As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis（EP） is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） derived from EP patients, and gene expression level of T-bet/GATA-3 in skin lesion. The potential role of Th1/Th2 reaction pattern played in the pathogenesis of EP was also discussed. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA among 16 EP patients, 20 psoriasis vulgaris（PV） patients and 15 healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet/GATA-3 in the skin lesion and PBMCs were examined by real-time qPCR. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EP patients than in the healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were 69.44±11.45 and 12.62±4.57 pg/mL, respectively, in EP patients, significantly higher than those in PV patients and healthy controls（P〈0.05）. Flow cytometry revealed the levels of both Th1 and Th2 in PBMCs from EP patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was dramatically lower than in PV patients（P〈0.01）. The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and T-bet/GATA-3 in EP patients were both less than 1.0, suggesting a reversal when compared with the other two groups. Our study indicated that the EP patients exerted a Th1/Th2 bidirectional response pattern, and the balance of Th cell subsets inclines to Th2, which might be one of the important mechanisms of EP pathogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To characterize cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) compared to healthy controls.METHODS: Fifty-six IPF patients were involved in the study. The control population cons...AIM: To characterize cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) compared to healthy controls.METHODS: Fifty-six IPF patients were involved in the study. The control population consisted of 144 healthy volunteers without history of lung disease.All of the patients were diagnosed with IPF according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society consensus statement. Polymorphisms in the interleukin(IL)-1, IL-1, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor, interferon, transforming growth factor, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-4RA genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using the Med Calc statistical software. A Bonferroni correction of significance at an alpha of 0.05 was used for multiple analyses. A corrected P value less than 0.0023(0.05/22) was considered significant. RESULTS: We found significant differences in the IL-4 promoter region polymorphisms between IPF patients and controls. Namely, polymorphisms of IL-4(-590) [computed tomography(CT) in 32 of 56 patients vs 27 of 144 controls; P < 0.0001] and IL-4(-33)(CT in 25 of 56 patients vs 27 of 144 controls; P = 0.0006) differed between both groups. With regard to haplotypes, we found differences in the frequencies for haplotype 1 of IL-4(-1098)(-590)(-33) between IPF and controls(TCC in 23 of 56, TTC in 10 of 56, and TTT in 21 of 56 patients vs TCC in 112 of 144, TTC in 0 of 144, and TTT in 32 of 144 controls; P < 0.0001). We did not find significant differences in gene polymorphism frequencies of other cytokines in the IPF group vs the controls. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that IL-4 promoter polymorphisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF, likely via enhancement of the Th2 cytokine milieu with exaggerated fibroproliferative healing.展开更多
In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 p...In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 prevents the development of allergy in ovalbumin-immunized mice. In this work, we evaluated whether this bacterium can also revert an established allergic status. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and after that, were inoculated with an E. faecalis CECT7121 suspension. In immunized animals, serum specific immune response, proliferative activity of memory splenocytes, and levels of Th2 cytokines were assessed. The in vivo active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was also performed. The treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 only increased anti-OVA IgG2a levels. No differences were observed in other specific immunological parameters. Probiotic-treatment did not prove to have any desensitizing effect on mice. These results, together with those recently published, can be concluded that this bacterium would not be appropriate for the treatment of allergic symptoms.展开更多
Interleukin-17(IL-17),IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17(Th17)-related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their development.Here,we review Th17-related cytoki...Interleukin-17(IL-17),IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17(Th17)-related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their development.Here,we review Th17-related cytokines/Th17-like cells,networks/signals and their roles in immune responses or immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)infection.Published studies suggest that Th17-related cytokine pathways may be manipulated by Mtb microorganisms for their survival benefits in primary tuberculosis(TB).In addition,there is evidence that immune responses of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signal pathway and Th17-like T-cell subsets are dysregulated or destroyed in patients with TB.Furthermore,Mtb infection can impact upstream cytokines in the STAT3 pathway of Th17-like responses.Based on these findings,we discuss the need for future studies and the rationale for targeting Th17-related cytokines/signals as a potential adjunctive treatment.展开更多
基金supported by three programs from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (The experimental study on the effect of trace elements iodine and selenium on the autoimmune thyroid disease (No.30571564)The cross-sectional investigation on hypothyroidism induced by excess iodine intake and the experimental research on pathogenesy (No.30972465)The change of thyroid pathology and the levels of T3,T4 in SePP1,GPX3 knock out mice (No.30810103004)
文摘Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.
文摘In our previous study,we found that Shoutai pills could improve the embryo implantation rate as well as the levels of estrogen,progesterone and estrogen receptor in rats with stimulated ovulation.However,the mechanism is not clear.This study was designed to investigate the effect of Shoutai pills on the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats with stimulated ovulation and the mechanism.The rat model of stimulated ovulation was established by combined injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG)and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG).Then the rats were randomly divided into model group(M),Shoutai pills group(S),progesterone group(P)and normal group(N).All the pregnant rats were treated from the first day.The S and P groups were administrated with gavage of Shoutai pills and injection of progesterone respectively,and N and M groups were given the same volume of normal saline and distilled water respectively.After treatment for 7 days,the animals were executed for serum and uterine tissues.The ELISA method was adopted to detect the contents of Thl cytokines[interferon-γ(INF-γ),interleukin-2(IL-2)]and Th2 cytokines(IL-4,IL-6,IL-10).The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor(L1F)and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR)was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR.As compared with N group,the expression levels of IFN-y and IL-2 in M group were significantly increased,and those of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10.LIF and LIFR were significantly decreased(P<0.05).As compared with M group,the levels of IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR in S group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and those of IFN-γand IL-2 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).It was suggested that Shoutai pills can increase the levels of IL-4.1L-6,IL-10,LIF and LIFR as well as reduce the levels of INF-γand IL-2 in rats with stimulated ovulation.The Shoutai pills may improve endometrial receptivity and promote embryo implantation by maintaining the balanee of Th1/Th2 cytokines.
文摘Objective To study the expression and switching of Thl/Th2 cytokines gene in human gliomas and its effects on occurring and developing of human gliomas. Methods Interleukin（IL）-2 and interferon-3, represent Thl type cytokines. IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 represent Th2 type cytokines. The gene expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines in human glioma cells, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The biological activity of cytokines in the supematant of glioma cell lines was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Results The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in human glioma cells were 14.77% and 75%. The total positive rates of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines gene in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes were 22.73% and 68.17%. There was obviously predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma tissues, glioma infiltrating lymphocytes, and glioma cell lines. There was no unbalanced expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines in normal brain tissues. Conclusion There is a predominant expression of Th2 type cytokines in human glioma cells. The switching of Th1/Th2 cytokines gene may play an important role in the occurring and developing of human gliomas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1703118)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20181364)+6 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.19KJA310003)Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu health and Health Committee(No.H2018087)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Jiangsu Shuangchuang ProgramOpen Funds of the State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics(2016015)Open project of the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules(2017kf05)the cooperative project between Southeast University and Nanjing Medical University(2018DN0004)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor project,China。
文摘With the increasing immunological studies on camels due to the advantage of their single-chain antibodies for humanizations,it is demanding to develop an easy-to-handle evaluation method of their humoral immune response before proceeding with immunization of foreign antigens that may be toxic to camels.In this study,we quantitatively determined the expression levels of T-helper 2(Th2) cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from Bactrian camels by real-time PCR.The recorded kinetic profiles resulting from the immunization of ovalbumin(OVA) indicated that after immunization,Th2 cytokines including interleukin(IL) families such as IL-4,IL-10,and IL-13 in the camels were up-regulated by a factor of 1.78,3.15,and 1.22,respectively,which was validated by traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) methods.Unlike ELISA which requires specific enzyme-labeled antibodies,this established method based on the minimal amount of blood samples holds an advantage in the preliminary evaluation of camel humoral immune response with desirable precision,which is meaningful for biomedical explorations of camel-derived antibodies.
文摘Objective: This study analyzed the T lymphocytes and Th1/Th2 type cytokine profile shift in the peripheral blood ofpatients with recurrent genital herpes (RGH). Methods: Immunofluorescent staining or cell surface antigenand intracellular cytokines(IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-r)inperipheral blood from 20 RGH patients and 10 controls wereanalyzed using flow cytometric techniques. Results: RGH patients had signiflcantly lower levels ofCD3^+T cells, CD4^+T cells and CD4^+ T/ CD8^+ T cells ratiocompared to control levels (P<0.001), and IL-2-producing,IFN-r-producing and IL-12-producing T cells were increasedin RGH patients (CD4^+T: P<0.001, CD8^+T: P<0.05respectively), whereas IL-4-producing T cells were increased inRGH patients compared to controls (CD4^+T: P<0.05; CD8^+T:P<0.001 respectively). Conclusions: RGH patients have T lymphocyte subsetvariations and Th1/Th2 cytokine changes. The increase in Th2cells Th1/Th2 imbalance may have important implications forRGH pathogenesis.
基金grants from the science Research Foundation of Health Department of Hubei Province,China (No. JXIB048)the Janssen Research Foundation
文摘In order to investigate the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida, the fungal vaginitis model was established in female ICR mice by intravaginal inoculation of suspension of C. albicans after the animals were pretreated with estradiol. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was used to detect the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in the vagina in the mice of different groups at different time points after the beginning of the experiment. The average expression level of IL-2 mRNA in group D （estrogen-treated mice） was significantly higher than that in groups H （estrogen-untreated mice） and I （control group） on the day 2. The average expression level of IL-4 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups I and H on the day 5. The average expression level of IL-10 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I from day 7 to 11. The average expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA in group D was significantly higher than that in groups H and I at all time points. It was concludes that the high-level expression of IL-2 mRNA during early infection was associated with clearance of mucosal C. albicans, and the high-level expression of IL-10 mRNA during late stage of the infection was related to susceptibility to infection. TGF-β1 may play a predominant role when the virtual absence of changes in other Th-type cytokines during infection.
基金supported by the Special Fund of the Pediatric Medical Coordinated Development Center of the Beijing Children’s Hospital(No.XTZD20180204)
文摘To the Editor:Burkitt’s lymphoma(BL)is the most common subtype of pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL),accounting for nearly 40%of cases.[1,2]The 5-year overall survival(OS)rate is nearly 90%owing to the use of existing standard chemotherapy regimens in conjunction with rituximab.[2]Approximately 25%patients with pediatric BL present with central nervous system(CNS)disease and a poor prognosis.[1]The significance of the expressions of T helper 1/T helper 2(Th1/Th2)cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in the occurrence,development,and prognosis of adult malignant lymphoma has been reported in the literature,but data on pediatric BL are limited.This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of cytokines and lymphocyte subset expression in patients with pediatric BL,identify the differences between the CNS-positive and CNS-negative groups,and determine the risk factors in the CNS-positive group.
文摘Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in huge amounts for many plastic products and is a hormone (estrogen) disrupting agent. BPA as well as FFAs may be deleterious for the immune system. The aim was to identify Th2 cytokines and some of their signal transduction mechanisms in INS-1 cells, an insulin secreting cell line. Screening using a proteome profile indicated an increase of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 by BPA. Also FFAs (in combination with LPS) were positive. In detailed quantitative measurements, these results were confirmedly indicating a complex array of pro-and anti-inflammatory potential. The interaction of BPA with 17β-estradiol was non-additive with respect to IL-4 and IL-6 release and additive with respect to FFA interaction indicating same and different mechanisms of action, respecttively. As signal transduction PI3K (Wortmannin-sensitive) and STAT-3/6 (Tofacitinib-sensitive) are involved in various effects, INS-1 cells release several cytokines due to BPA and FFA attack which may be involved in disturbance of glucose homoeostasis and type 1 diabetes.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Th1/Th2 cytokines and immune function in patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to July 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer were studied in 79 patients, were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Two groups of patients with routine preoperative preparation, monitoring blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, establish vein channel, using propofol, remifentanil, vecuronium induced anesthesia, observation group before induction of anesthesia, dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, 10 min after infusion, followed by 0.5 μg/kg/h continuous infusion to the end of the operation, the control group with normal saline continuous infusion till the end of the operation. Two groups of patients before induction of anesthesia (T0), at the end of operation (T1), 6 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 72 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood determination of interleukin-2 by ELISA method (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), calculated IFN-γ/IL-4 in T0, T2, T3, T4from peripheral blood. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK cells were determined by flow cytometry and CD4+/CD8+ were calculated. Results: Two groups of IL-2 and IFN- in T1, T2, T3gamma, T4is higher than T0, IL-10 less than T0, and the observation group IFN-γ/IL-4 is higher than T0, the control group was lower than that of T0when compared with T0significant difference, 2 in group IL-4 had no obvious changes were observed in group IL-2;IFN-γ, IFN-γ/IL-4 in T1, T2, T3, T4higher than the control group, IL-10 was lower than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, NK cells in T2group was lower than that of T0, T3, and CD8+ had no obvious change, compared with T0significant difference;the observation group CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, T2, T3in NK cells was higher than the control group, significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can inhibit the stress response during the perioperative period of radical mastectomy, correct the balance disorder of Th1/Th2, improve the level of T lymphocyte subsets, and exert better immune protection function.
文摘AIM： To investigate if an immune imbalance may account for the development and progression of chronic radiation enteritis. We analyzed the Th1/Th2 immune response profile early and 6 mo after fractionated colorectal irradiation. METHODS： A rat model of fractionated colorectal γ-irradiation （4-Gy fractions, 3 fractions per week） was designed to investigate the effects of cumulative dose on inflammatory mediators （cytokines and chemo- kines） and immune response （Th1/Th2 profile and immunosuppressive mediator IL-10） during acute （early） response and 6 mo after the end of fractionated irradiation （chronic response）. Analyses were performed 1 d after the cumulative doses of 16 Gy and 36 Gy and 1 d, 3 d, and 26 wk after the cumulative dose of 52 Gy. RESULTS： Without causing histological damage, fractionated radiation induced elevated expression of IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1, and iNOS in distal colonic mucosa during the early post-irradiation phase. At that time, a Th2 profile was confirmed by expression of both the Th2- specific transcription factor GATA-3 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 and by suppression of the Thl cytokine IFNγ/IP-10 throughout the irradiation protocol. After 6 mo, despite the 2-fold reduction of iNOS and MCP-1 levels, the Th2 profile persisted, as shown by a 50% reduction in the expression of the Thl transcription factor T-bet, the chemokine receptor CCXCR3, and the IFNγ/ STAT1 pathway. At the same time-point, the immunosuppressive IL-10/STAT3 pathway, known to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance, was expressed, in irradiated rats, at approximately half its level as compared to controls.This suppression was associated with an overexpression of SOCS3, which inhibits the feedback of the Thl polarization and regulates IL-10 production. CONCLUSION： Colorectal irradiation induces Th2 polarization, defective IL-10/STAT3 pathway activation and SOCS3 overexpression. These changes, in turn, maintain a immunological imbalance that persists in the long term.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81171495 and 81271765)
文摘As one of the most serious types of psoriasis, pathogenesis of erythrodermic psoriasis（EP） is unclear so far. In this study, we aimed to detect the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and T-lymphocyte clone in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） derived from EP patients, and gene expression level of T-bet/GATA-3 in skin lesion. The potential role of Th1/Th2 reaction pattern played in the pathogenesis of EP was also discussed. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were quantified by ELISA among 16 EP patients, 20 psoriasis vulgaris（PV） patients and 15 healthy controls. The expression levels of T-bet/GATA-3 in the skin lesion and PBMCs were examined by real-time qPCR. The ratio of Th1/Th2 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 were higher in EP patients than in the healthy controls. The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were 69.44±11.45 and 12.62±4.57 pg/mL, respectively, in EP patients, significantly higher than those in PV patients and healthy controls（P〈0.05）. Flow cytometry revealed the levels of both Th1 and Th2 in PBMCs from EP patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and the Th1/Th2 ratio was dramatically lower than in PV patients（P〈0.01）. The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-4 and T-bet/GATA-3 in EP patients were both less than 1.0, suggesting a reversal when compared with the other two groups. Our study indicated that the EP patients exerted a Th1/Th2 bidirectional response pattern, and the balance of Th cell subsets inclines to Th2, which might be one of the important mechanisms of EP pathogenesis.
基金Supported by Grants from the Internal Grant Agency of Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic:9131-3/2007,NS 10423-3/2009 and NT13433-4/2012
文摘AIM: To characterize cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) compared to healthy controls.METHODS: Fifty-six IPF patients were involved in the study. The control population consisted of 144 healthy volunteers without history of lung disease.All of the patients were diagnosed with IPF according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society consensus statement. Polymorphisms in the interleukin(IL)-1, IL-1, IL-1R, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor, interferon, transforming growth factor, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-4RA genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using the Med Calc statistical software. A Bonferroni correction of significance at an alpha of 0.05 was used for multiple analyses. A corrected P value less than 0.0023(0.05/22) was considered significant. RESULTS: We found significant differences in the IL-4 promoter region polymorphisms between IPF patients and controls. Namely, polymorphisms of IL-4(-590) [computed tomography(CT) in 32 of 56 patients vs 27 of 144 controls; P < 0.0001] and IL-4(-33)(CT in 25 of 56 patients vs 27 of 144 controls; P = 0.0006) differed between both groups. With regard to haplotypes, we found differences in the frequencies for haplotype 1 of IL-4(-1098)(-590)(-33) between IPF and controls(TCC in 23 of 56, TTC in 10 of 56, and TTT in 21 of 56 patients vs TCC in 112 of 144, TTC in 0 of 144, and TTT in 32 of 144 controls; P < 0.0001). We did not find significant differences in gene polymorphism frequencies of other cytokines in the IPF group vs the controls. CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that IL-4 promoter polymorphisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF, likely via enhancement of the Th2 cytokine milieu with exaggerated fibroproliferative healing.
基金supported by grants from Universidad de Buenos Aires(Argentina)and Fundación Alberto J.Roemmers.
文摘In allergies, an unbalanced immune response towards a T helper (Th) 2 profile with high levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig) E is produced. We have demonstrated that the pre-administration of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 prevents the development of allergy in ovalbumin-immunized mice. In this work, we evaluated whether this bacterium can also revert an established allergic status. Mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and after that, were inoculated with an E. faecalis CECT7121 suspension. In immunized animals, serum specific immune response, proliferative activity of memory splenocytes, and levels of Th2 cytokines were assessed. The in vivo active cutaneous anaphylaxis test was also performed. The treatment with E. faecalis CECT7121 only increased anti-OVA IgG2a levels. No differences were observed in other specific immunological parameters. Probiotic-treatment did not prove to have any desensitizing effect on mice. These results, together with those recently published, can be concluded that this bacterium would not be appropriate for the treatment of allergic symptoms.
基金This work was supported by the following research grants:The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0502204)the National Institutes of Health R01 grants(NIH R01 HL64560/OD015092/HL129887 to ZWC).
文摘Interleukin-17(IL-17),IL-21,IL-22 and IL-23 can be grouped as T helper 17(Th17)-related cytokines because they are either produced by Th17/Th22 cells or involved in their development.Here,we review Th17-related cytokines/Th17-like cells,networks/signals and their roles in immune responses or immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)infection.Published studies suggest that Th17-related cytokine pathways may be manipulated by Mtb microorganisms for their survival benefits in primary tuberculosis(TB).In addition,there is evidence that immune responses of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signal pathway and Th17-like T-cell subsets are dysregulated or destroyed in patients with TB.Furthermore,Mtb infection can impact upstream cytokines in the STAT3 pathway of Th17-like responses.Based on these findings,we discuss the need for future studies and the rationale for targeting Th17-related cytokines/signals as a potential adjunctive treatment.
