The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the informatio...The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the information of formation pressure can be response in the seismic data. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the formation pressure using time-lapse seismic method. Apart from formation pressure, the information of porosity and CO_(2) saturation can be reflected in the seismic data. Here, based on the actual situation of the work area, a rockphysical model is proposed to address the feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring during CO_(2) storage in the anisotropic formation. The model takes into account the formation pressure, variety minerals composition, fracture, fluid inhomogeneous distribution, and anisotropy caused by horizontal layering of rock layers(or oriented alignment of minerals). From the proposed rockphysical model and the well-logging, cores and geological data at the target layer, the variation of P-wave and S-wave velocity with formation pressure after CO_(2) injection is calculated. And so are the effects of porosity and CO_(2) saturation. Finally, from anisotropic exact reflection coefficient equation, the reflection coefficients under different formation pressures are calculated. It is proved that the reflection coefficient varies with pressure. Compared with CO_(2) saturation, the pressure has a greater effect on the reflection coefficient. Through the convolution model, the seismic record is calculated. The seismic record shows the difference with different formation pressure. At present, in the marine CO_(2) sequestration monitoring domain, there is no study involving the effect of formation pressure changes on seismic records in seafloor anisotropic formation. This study can provide a basis for the inversion of reservoir parameters in anisotropic seafloor CO_(2) reservoirs.展开更多
Monitoring the change in horizontal stress from the geophysical data is a tough challenge, and it has a crucial impact on broad practical scenarios which involve reservoir exploration and development, carbon dioxide (...Monitoring the change in horizontal stress from the geophysical data is a tough challenge, and it has a crucial impact on broad practical scenarios which involve reservoir exploration and development, carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) injection and storage, shallow surface prospecting and deep-earth structure description. The change in in-situ stress induced by hydrocarbon production and localized tectonic movements causes the changes in rock mechanic properties (e.g. wave velocities, density and anisotropy) and further causes the changes in seismic amplitudes, phases and travel times. In this study, the nonlinear elasticity theory that regards the rock skeleton (solid phase) and pore fluid as an effective whole is used to characterize the effect of horizontal principal stress on rock overall elastic properties and the stress-dependent anisotropy parameters are therefore formulated. Then the approximate P-wave, SV-wave and SH-wave angle-dependent reflection coefficient equations for the horizontal-stress-induced anisotropic media are proposed. It is shown that, on the different reflectors, the stress-induced relative changes in reflectivities (i.e., relative difference) of elastic parameters (i.e., P- and S-wave velocities and density) are much less than the changes in contrasts of anisotropy parameters. Therefore, the effects of stress change on the reflectivities of three elastic parameters are reasonably neglected to further propose an AVO inversion approach incorporating P-, SH- and SV-wave information to estimate the change in horizontal principal stress from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. Compared with the existing methods, our method eliminates the need for man-made rock-physical or fitting parameters, providing more stable predictive power. 1D test illustrates that the estimated result from time-lapse P-wave reflection data shows the most reasonable agreement with the real model, while the estimated result from SH-wave reflection data shows the largest bias. 2D test illustrates the feasibility of the proposed inversion method for estimating the change in horizontal stress from P-wave time-lapse seismic data.展开更多
The dynamic monitoring of landslides in engineering geology has focused on the correlation among landslide stability,rainwater infiltration,and subsurface hydrogeology.However,the understanding of this complicated cor...The dynamic monitoring of landslides in engineering geology has focused on the correlation among landslide stability,rainwater infiltration,and subsurface hydrogeology.However,the understanding of this complicated correlation is still poor and inadequate.Thus,in this study,we investigated a typical landslide in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography（TLERT） in November 2013 and August 2014.We studied landslide mechanisms based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water infiltration and flow within the landslide body.Combined with borehole data,inverted resistivity models accurately defined the interface between Quaternary sediments and bedrock.Preferential flow pathways attributed to fracture zones and fissures were also delineated.In addition,we found that surface water permeates through these pathways into the slipping mass and drains away as fissure water in the fractured bedrock,probably causing the weakly weathered layer to gradually soften and erode,eventually leading to a landslide.Clearly,TLERT dynamic monitoring can provide precursory information of critical sliding and can be used in landslide stability analysis and prediction.展开更多
In China, most oil fields are continental sedimentation with strong heterogeneity, which on one side makes the reservoir prospecting and development more difficult, but on the other side provides more space for search...In China, most oil fields are continental sedimentation with strong heterogeneity, which on one side makes the reservoir prospecting and development more difficult, but on the other side provides more space for searching residual oil in matured fields. Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technique is one of most important techniques to define residual oil distribution. According to the demand for and development of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring in China, purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing was studied. The four key steps in purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing, including amplitude-preserved processing with relative consistency, rebinning, match filtering and difference calculation, were analyzed by combining theory and real seismic data processing. Meanwhile, quality control during real time-lapse seismic processing was emphasized.展开更多
To investigate whether sperm with low concentration and motility can impact preimplantation embryos and to analyze how the effects present under a time-lapse incubation system,2905 oocytes were collected from 219 coup...To investigate whether sperm with low concentration and motility can impact preimplantation embryos and to analyze how the effects present under a time-lapse incubation system,2905 oocytes were collected from 219 couples between January 2014 and December 2015.Patients were divided into three groups according to sperm quality.Morphokinetic parameters and six cleavage patterns in the initial three cleavages were evaluated using the Primo Vision system.Embryo quality and clinic outcomes such as implantation rate,pregnancy rate and live birth rate were measured.The results showed that the concentration and motility of sperm correlated strongly with the rate of 2PN embryos,good-quality embryos on D3,blastocysts on D5/6 and good quality embryos on D5/6.The time-lapse system recordings showed that compromised sperm quality could result in a significant delay in cc l and a decrease in cc2,and impact embryo developmental potential mainly through large fragments or/and blastomere fragmentation in the initial three cleavages.In conclusion,sperm with low concentration and motility can have paternal effects on preimplantation embryos.These paternal effects present both as changes in morphokinetic parameters and cleavage patterns,which occur as early as fertilization and may cause severe damage to the preimplantation embryos.展开更多
Dear Editor,Time-lapse videography of human embryos allows for the easy visualization of the embryos without removing them from the protective environment of the incubator[1],the measurement of various morphokinetic(q...Dear Editor,Time-lapse videography of human embryos allows for the easy visualization of the embryos without removing them from the protective environment of the incubator[1],the measurement of various morphokinetic(quantitative)parameters[2],and the identification of abnormalities of growth(qualitative parameters)such as direct cleavage[3],reverse cleavage[4]and intercellular contact of blastomeres[5].展开更多
Objective:To investigate morphokinetic characteristics of embryos displaying either reverse cleavage or direct cleavage during the first,second or third cleavage cycle.Methods:A total of 167 in vitro fertilization and...Objective:To investigate morphokinetic characteristics of embryos displaying either reverse cleavage or direct cleavage during the first,second or third cleavage cycle.Methods:A total of 167 in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles undertaken by 167 women[aged(35.0±4.6)years]were included for reverse cleavage analysis,and a total of 167 in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles undertaken by 167 women[aged(33.8±4.3)years]were included for direct cleavage analysis in this study.Using a sibling-embryo design,morphokinetic profiles(both before and after the onset of abnormal event)of embryos displaying reverse cleavage(n=241)or direct cleavage(n=244)were compared with their unaffected siblings(the controls)in the first,second and third cell cycles(n=32,n=142,n=562;n=195,n=412,n=205,respectively),at different developmental stages up to day 3.Results:Direct cleavage embryos demonstrated significantly delayed cleavage rates prior to the event regardless of developmental stage of the occurrence,while reverse cleavage embryos showed similar cleavage rates to their unaffected siblings.Post event,direct cleavage embryos sped up cleavage rates while reverse cleavage embryos slowed down.Conclusions:Altered morphokinetic profiles are displayed by direct cleavage embryos both before and after their occurrence and reverse cleavage embryos after the occurrence,which could potentially confound morphokinetic comparisons if not separated from their unaffected sibling embryos.Further study is warranted in order to fully understand the biological mechanisms of such events.展开更多
In view of the disadvantage that the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic(the difference between monitoring data and base data) is not only related to the change of oil saturation, but also closely related to the...In view of the disadvantage that the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic(the difference between monitoring data and base data) is not only related to the change of oil saturation, but also closely related to the thickness of reservoir, a time-lapse seismic "relative difference method"(the ratio of monitoring data to base data) not affected by the thickness of reservoir but only related to the change of fluid saturation, is proposed through seismic forward modeling after fluid displacement simulation. Given the same change of fluid saturation, the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic conforms to the law of "tuning effect" and seismic reflection of "thin bed", and the remaining oil prediction method based on absolute difference of time-lapse seismic is only applicable to the reservoirs with uniform thickness smaller than the tuning thickness or with thickness greater than the tuning thickness. The relative difference of time-lapse seismic is not affected by reservoir thickness, but only related to the change of fluid saturation. It is applicable to all the deep-sea unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs which can exclude the effect of pressure, temperature, pore type and porosity on seismic. Therefore, the relation between the relative difference of time-lapse seismic and the change of fluid saturation, which is obtained from seismic forward modeling after Gassmann fluid displacement simulation, can be used to quantitatively predict the change of reservoir water saturation and then the distribution of the remaining oil. The application of this method in deep sea Zeta oil field in west Africa shows that it is reasonable and effective.展开更多
In this paper,we present an interactive static image composition approach,namely color retargeting,to flexibly represent time-varying color editing effect based on time-lapse video sequences.Instead of performing prec...In this paper,we present an interactive static image composition approach,namely color retargeting,to flexibly represent time-varying color editing effect based on time-lapse video sequences.Instead of performing precise image matting or blending techniques,our approach treats the color composition as a pixel-level resampling problem. In order to both satisfy the user's editing requirements and avoid visual artifacts,we construct a globally optimized interpolation field. This field defines from which input video frames the output pixels should be resampled.Our proposed resampling solution ensures that(i) the global color transition in the output image is as smooth as possible,(ii) the desired colors/objects specified by the user from different video frames are well preserved,and(iii) additional local color transition directions in the image space assigned by the user are also satisfied.Various examples have been shown to demonstrate that our efficient solution enables the user to easily create time-varying color image composition results.展开更多
Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves can regenerate adventitious roots,providing a platformfor studying de novo root regeneration(DNRR).However,the comprehensive transcriptional framework of DNRR remains elusive.Here,...Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves can regenerate adventitious roots,providing a platformfor studying de novo root regeneration(DNRR).However,the comprehensive transcriptional framework of DNRR remains elusive.Here,we provide a high-resolution landscape of transcriptome reprogramming from wound response to root organogenesis in DNRR and show key factors involved in DNRR.Time-lapse RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of the entire leaf within 12 h of leaf detachment revealed rapid activation of jasmonate,ethylene,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathways in response towounding.Genetic analyses confirmed that ethylene andROSmay serve as wound signals to promoteDNRR.Next,time-lapse RNA-seq within 5 d of leaf detachment revealed the activation of genes involved in organogenesis,wound-induced regeneration,and resource allocation in the wounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting.Genetic studies showed that BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2,which control aboveground organs,PLETHORA3/5/7,which control root organogenesis,and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR115,which controlswound-induced regeneration,are involved in DNRR.Furthermore,single-cell RNA-seq data revealed gene expression patterns in thewounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting.Overall,our study not only provides transcriptome tools but also reveals key factors involved in DNRR from detached Arabidopsis leaves.展开更多
文摘The phase change of CO_(2) has a significant bearing on the siting, injection, and monitoring of storage. The phase state of CO_(2) is closely related to pressure. In the process of seismic exploration, the information of formation pressure can be response in the seismic data. Therefore, it is possible to monitor the formation pressure using time-lapse seismic method. Apart from formation pressure, the information of porosity and CO_(2) saturation can be reflected in the seismic data. Here, based on the actual situation of the work area, a rockphysical model is proposed to address the feasibility of time-lapse seismic monitoring during CO_(2) storage in the anisotropic formation. The model takes into account the formation pressure, variety minerals composition, fracture, fluid inhomogeneous distribution, and anisotropy caused by horizontal layering of rock layers(or oriented alignment of minerals). From the proposed rockphysical model and the well-logging, cores and geological data at the target layer, the variation of P-wave and S-wave velocity with formation pressure after CO_(2) injection is calculated. And so are the effects of porosity and CO_(2) saturation. Finally, from anisotropic exact reflection coefficient equation, the reflection coefficients under different formation pressures are calculated. It is proved that the reflection coefficient varies with pressure. Compared with CO_(2) saturation, the pressure has a greater effect on the reflection coefficient. Through the convolution model, the seismic record is calculated. The seismic record shows the difference with different formation pressure. At present, in the marine CO_(2) sequestration monitoring domain, there is no study involving the effect of formation pressure changes on seismic records in seafloor anisotropic formation. This study can provide a basis for the inversion of reservoir parameters in anisotropic seafloor CO_(2) reservoirs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42174139,41974119,42030103)Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Program(LSKJ202203406)Science Foundation from Innovation and Technology Support Program for Young Scientists in Colleges of Shandong Province and Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019RA2136).
文摘Monitoring the change in horizontal stress from the geophysical data is a tough challenge, and it has a crucial impact on broad practical scenarios which involve reservoir exploration and development, carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) injection and storage, shallow surface prospecting and deep-earth structure description. The change in in-situ stress induced by hydrocarbon production and localized tectonic movements causes the changes in rock mechanic properties (e.g. wave velocities, density and anisotropy) and further causes the changes in seismic amplitudes, phases and travel times. In this study, the nonlinear elasticity theory that regards the rock skeleton (solid phase) and pore fluid as an effective whole is used to characterize the effect of horizontal principal stress on rock overall elastic properties and the stress-dependent anisotropy parameters are therefore formulated. Then the approximate P-wave, SV-wave and SH-wave angle-dependent reflection coefficient equations for the horizontal-stress-induced anisotropic media are proposed. It is shown that, on the different reflectors, the stress-induced relative changes in reflectivities (i.e., relative difference) of elastic parameters (i.e., P- and S-wave velocities and density) are much less than the changes in contrasts of anisotropy parameters. Therefore, the effects of stress change on the reflectivities of three elastic parameters are reasonably neglected to further propose an AVO inversion approach incorporating P-, SH- and SV-wave information to estimate the change in horizontal principal stress from the corresponding time-lapse seismic data. Compared with the existing methods, our method eliminates the need for man-made rock-physical or fitting parameters, providing more stable predictive power. 1D test illustrates that the estimated result from time-lapse P-wave reflection data shows the most reasonable agreement with the real model, while the estimated result from SH-wave reflection data shows the largest bias. 2D test illustrates the feasibility of the proposed inversion method for estimating the change in horizontal stress from P-wave time-lapse seismic data.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB733203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41474055)
文摘The dynamic monitoring of landslides in engineering geology has focused on the correlation among landslide stability,rainwater infiltration,and subsurface hydrogeology.However,the understanding of this complicated correlation is still poor and inadequate.Thus,in this study,we investigated a typical landslide in southwestern China via time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography（TLERT） in November 2013 and August 2014.We studied landslide mechanisms based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface water infiltration and flow within the landslide body.Combined with borehole data,inverted resistivity models accurately defined the interface between Quaternary sediments and bedrock.Preferential flow pathways attributed to fracture zones and fissures were also delineated.In addition,we found that surface water permeates through these pathways into the slipping mass and drains away as fissure water in the fractured bedrock,probably causing the weakly weathered layer to gradually soften and erode,eventually leading to a landslide.Clearly,TLERT dynamic monitoring can provide precursory information of critical sliding and can be used in landslide stability analysis and prediction.
文摘In China, most oil fields are continental sedimentation with strong heterogeneity, which on one side makes the reservoir prospecting and development more difficult, but on the other side provides more space for searching residual oil in matured fields. Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring technique is one of most important techniques to define residual oil distribution. According to the demand for and development of time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring in China, purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing was studied. The four key steps in purposeless repeated acquisition time-lapse seismic data processing, including amplitude-preserved processing with relative consistency, rebinning, match filtering and difference calculation, were analyzed by combining theory and real seismic data processing. Meanwhile, quality control during real time-lapse seismic processing was emphasized.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1005200,No.2019YFC1005202,and No.2018YFC1002103)Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project of China(No.WJ2019M127).
文摘To investigate whether sperm with low concentration and motility can impact preimplantation embryos and to analyze how the effects present under a time-lapse incubation system,2905 oocytes were collected from 219 couples between January 2014 and December 2015.Patients were divided into three groups according to sperm quality.Morphokinetic parameters and six cleavage patterns in the initial three cleavages were evaluated using the Primo Vision system.Embryo quality and clinic outcomes such as implantation rate,pregnancy rate and live birth rate were measured.The results showed that the concentration and motility of sperm correlated strongly with the rate of 2PN embryos,good-quality embryos on D3,blastocysts on D5/6 and good quality embryos on D5/6.The time-lapse system recordings showed that compromised sperm quality could result in a significant delay in cc l and a decrease in cc2,and impact embryo developmental potential mainly through large fragments or/and blastomere fragmentation in the initial three cleavages.In conclusion,sperm with low concentration and motility can have paternal effects on preimplantation embryos.These paternal effects present both as changes in morphokinetic parameters and cleavage patterns,which occur as early as fertilization and may cause severe damage to the preimplantation embryos.
文摘Dear Editor,Time-lapse videography of human embryos allows for the easy visualization of the embryos without removing them from the protective environment of the incubator[1],the measurement of various morphokinetic(quantitative)parameters[2],and the identification of abnormalities of growth(qualitative parameters)such as direct cleavage[3],reverse cleavage[4]and intercellular contact of blastomeres[5].
文摘Objective:To investigate morphokinetic characteristics of embryos displaying either reverse cleavage or direct cleavage during the first,second or third cleavage cycle.Methods:A total of 167 in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles undertaken by 167 women[aged(35.0±4.6)years]were included for reverse cleavage analysis,and a total of 167 in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles undertaken by 167 women[aged(33.8±4.3)years]were included for direct cleavage analysis in this study.Using a sibling-embryo design,morphokinetic profiles(both before and after the onset of abnormal event)of embryos displaying reverse cleavage(n=241)or direct cleavage(n=244)were compared with their unaffected siblings(the controls)in the first,second and third cell cycles(n=32,n=142,n=562;n=195,n=412,n=205,respectively),at different developmental stages up to day 3.Results:Direct cleavage embryos demonstrated significantly delayed cleavage rates prior to the event regardless of developmental stage of the occurrence,while reverse cleavage embryos showed similar cleavage rates to their unaffected siblings.Post event,direct cleavage embryos sped up cleavage rates while reverse cleavage embryos slowed down.Conclusions:Altered morphokinetic profiles are displayed by direct cleavage embryos both before and after their occurrence and reverse cleavage embryos after the occurrence,which could potentially confound morphokinetic comparisons if not separated from their unaffected sibling embryos.Further study is warranted in order to fully understand the biological mechanisms of such events.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05005-001)
文摘In view of the disadvantage that the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic(the difference between monitoring data and base data) is not only related to the change of oil saturation, but also closely related to the thickness of reservoir, a time-lapse seismic "relative difference method"(the ratio of monitoring data to base data) not affected by the thickness of reservoir but only related to the change of fluid saturation, is proposed through seismic forward modeling after fluid displacement simulation. Given the same change of fluid saturation, the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic conforms to the law of "tuning effect" and seismic reflection of "thin bed", and the remaining oil prediction method based on absolute difference of time-lapse seismic is only applicable to the reservoirs with uniform thickness smaller than the tuning thickness or with thickness greater than the tuning thickness. The relative difference of time-lapse seismic is not affected by reservoir thickness, but only related to the change of fluid saturation. It is applicable to all the deep-sea unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs which can exclude the effect of pressure, temperature, pore type and porosity on seismic. Therefore, the relation between the relative difference of time-lapse seismic and the change of fluid saturation, which is obtained from seismic forward modeling after Gassmann fluid displacement simulation, can be used to quantitatively predict the change of reservoir water saturation and then the distribution of the remaining oil. The application of this method in deep sea Zeta oil field in west Africa shows that it is reasonable and effective.
基金supported by the iMinds visualization research program(HIVIZ)
文摘In this paper,we present an interactive static image composition approach,namely color retargeting,to flexibly represent time-varying color editing effect based on time-lapse video sequences.Instead of performing precise image matting or blending techniques,our approach treats the color composition as a pixel-level resampling problem. In order to both satisfy the user's editing requirements and avoid visual artifacts,we construct a globally optimized interpolation field. This field defines from which input video frames the output pixels should be resampled.Our proposed resampling solution ensures that(i) the global color transition in the output image is as smooth as possible,(ii) the desired colors/objects specified by the user from different video frames are well preserved,and(iii) additional local color transition directions in the image space assigned by the user are also satisfied.Various examples have been shown to demonstrate that our efficient solution enables the user to easily create time-varying color image composition results.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB27030103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000175/31770285/32070397)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2014241)the Chinese Academy of Sciences.A portion of this research was supported by a Global Research Collaboration Grant from the Offices of Research and Global Engagement to L.Y.from the University of Georgia and National Science Foundation under Grant NO.IOS2039313 to L.Y.
文摘Detached Arabidopsis thaliana leaves can regenerate adventitious roots,providing a platformfor studying de novo root regeneration(DNRR).However,the comprehensive transcriptional framework of DNRR remains elusive.Here,we provide a high-resolution landscape of transcriptome reprogramming from wound response to root organogenesis in DNRR and show key factors involved in DNRR.Time-lapse RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)of the entire leaf within 12 h of leaf detachment revealed rapid activation of jasmonate,ethylene,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)pathways in response towounding.Genetic analyses confirmed that ethylene andROSmay serve as wound signals to promoteDNRR.Next,time-lapse RNA-seq within 5 d of leaf detachment revealed the activation of genes involved in organogenesis,wound-induced regeneration,and resource allocation in the wounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting.Genetic studies showed that BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2,which control aboveground organs,PLETHORA3/5/7,which control root organogenesis,and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR115,which controlswound-induced regeneration,are involved in DNRR.Furthermore,single-cell RNA-seq data revealed gene expression patterns in thewounded region of detached leaves during adventitious rooting.Overall,our study not only provides transcriptome tools but also reveals key factors involved in DNRR from detached Arabidopsis leaves.
