Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-gr...Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-group metal.Herein,based on the idea of strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)regulation,Ru/TiN catalysts with different degrees of TiN overlayer over Ru nanoparticles were fabricated,which were applied to the alkaline electrolytic water.Characterizations reveal that the TiN overlayer would gradually encapsulate the Ru nanoparticles and induce more electron transfer from Ru nanoparticles to TiN support by the Ru–N–Ti bond as the SMSI degree increased.Further study shows that the exposed Ru–TiN interfaces greatly promote the H_(2) desorption capacity.Thus,the Ru/TiN-300 with a moderate SMSI degree exhibits excellent HER performance,with an overpotential of 38 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Also,due to the encapsulation role of TiN overlayer on Ru nanoparticles,it displays super long-term stability with a very slight potential change after 24 h.This study provides a deep insight into the influence of the SMSI effect between Ru and TiN on HER and offers a novel approach for preparing efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts through SMSI engineering.展开更多
Composite,diffusive titanium nitride layers formed on a titanium and aluminum sub-layer were produced on the AZ91D magnesium alloy.The layers were obtained using a hybrid method which combined the PVD processes with t...Composite,diffusive titanium nitride layers formed on a titanium and aluminum sub-layer were produced on the AZ91D magnesium alloy.The layers were obtained using a hybrid method which combined the PVD processes with the final sealing by a hydrothermal treatment.The microstructure,resistance to corrosion,mechanical damage,and frictional wear of the layers were examined.The properties of the AZ91D alloy covered with these layers were compared with those of the untreated alloy and of some engineering materials such as 316L stainless steel,100Cr6 bearing steel,and the AZ91D alloy subjected to commercial anodizing.It has been found that the composite diffusive nitride layer produced on the AZ91D alloy and then sealed by the hydrothermal treatment ensures the corrosion resistance comparable with that of 316L stainless steel.The layers are characterized by higher electrochemical durability which is due to the surface being overbuilt with the titanium oxides formed,as shown by the XPS examinations,from titanium nitride during the hydrothermal treatment.The composite titanium nitride layers exhibit high resistance to mechanical damage and wear,including frictional wear which is comparable with that of 100Cr6 bearing steel.The performance properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy covered with the composite titanium nitride coating are substantially superior to those of the alloy subjected to commercial anodizing which is the dominant technique employed in industrial practice.展开更多
Catalysts of carbon monoxide oxidation were synthesized by deposition of platinum on titanium nitride (TiN). Two substrates with an average particle size of 18 and 36 nm were obtained by hydrogen reduction of titanium...Catalysts of carbon monoxide oxidation were synthesized by deposition of platinum on titanium nitride (TiN). Two substrates with an average particle size of 18 and 36 nm were obtained by hydrogen reduction of titanium tetrachloride in a stream of microwave plasma of nitrogen. The surface of the catalysts was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data obtained by us in the present work indicate the presence of oxynitride as a transition layer between nitride and oxide. It was found that the CO oxidation rate on the 9 - 15 wt.% Pt loaded TiN catalysts is 120 times higher than that on the platinum black with a specific surface of 30 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Increase in the reaction rate of CO oxidation on Pt/TiN catalysts as compared to platinum black can be associated with both an increase in the concentration of CO molecules adsorbed and a decrease in the activation energy of the reaction. Catalysts are promising for use in catalytic air purification systems.展开更多
Low temperature deposition (LTD) is an actual frontier in materials sicence and engineering, especially for thin film technology In this paper the fundamentals and processing of lew temperature deposition of TiN coati...Low temperature deposition (LTD) is an actual frontier in materials sicence and engineering, especially for thin film technology In this paper the fundamentals and processing of lew temperature deposition of TiN coating are reviewed. The prerequisites of a law temperature deposition process are enough good densification, hardness and adhesion of the deposited coating. The fundamentals Of low temperature deposition are Structure zone model and nonequilibrium plasma vapor growth in a combined DC and pulsed electromagnetic fields. namely a combination of a DC bias voltage superimposed by a DC pulsed bias voltage with variable frequency and peak voltage height. Low temperature deposition processing can be realized simply with only stationary eledric fields. However, sensitivity of the product quality to the process parameters is the main barrier of this processing in the way to mass production. Low temperature deposition processing using the effects of a combined DC and pulsed electromagnetic fields has attained some promising results for the future commercialization. But they need Still further Systematic and deep study The application of low temperature deposition processing is nOt limited in range of low melting substrate materials. It is also important for internal stress control, defect minimization, microstructure densification and pedermance improvement for coatings on broad spectrum of substrate materials as well as for different types of applications.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the influence of the titanium nitride(TiN) coating on the results of a total knee arthroplasty(TKA). METHODS A total of 910 patients(338 men; 572 woman), with a mean age of 65(range 36-94) undergoing 1...AIM To evaluate the influence of the titanium nitride(TiN) coating on the results of a total knee arthroplasty(TKA). METHODS A total of 910 patients(338 men; 572 woman), with a mean age of 65(range 36-94) undergoing 1031 primary TKAs were assessed. Clinical evaluation and patientreported outcomes were gathered one year after surgery. The questionnaires included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS)-Dutch version, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) pain scores in rest and during active knee movement, VAS-satisfaction scores, and EQ-5 D-3 L health scores. This was aimed to assess the overall knee function and patient satisfaction, and to enable us to make a gross comparison to other TKAs.RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 46 mo(range 1-92) the overall implant survival was 97.7% and 95.1% for any operative reason related to the implant. Twenty-three knees(2.2%) required revision surgery. Arthrofibrosis was the most common indication for a re-operation. The clinical evaluation and patient-reported outcomes revealed good to excellent patient satisfaction and function of the arthroplasty. The median postoperative VAS-pain scores on a scale of 0-100, at one year after surgery were 1 in rest and 2 during movement.CONCLUSION The Ti N coated, mobile bearing TKA results are excellent and similar to those of other widely used TKA designs. Residual pain of the knee remains a concern and the Ti N coating in combination with the mobile bearing does not seem to be the simple solution to this problem. Future research will have to show that the coating gives a better survival than the cobalt chrome version.展开更多
Titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were prepared from a novel refluxing-derived precursor.The organic/inorganic hybrid precursor was prepared by a two-stage refluxing method using hydrous TiO2 as titania source and ...Titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were prepared from a novel refluxing-derived precursor.The organic/inorganic hybrid precursor was prepared by a two-stage refluxing method using hydrous TiO2 as titania source and n-dodecane as carbon source.The precursor was heat-treated to 1 200 °C in flowing ammonia (NH3) to get TiN nanoparticles.The phase and chemical compositions were investigated by means of XRD,Raman spectroscopy and XPS.Samples microstructure was studied by means of SEM,TEM and SEAD.XRD pattern indicated that the product was face-centered cubic TiN with a lattice constant a = 4.236 · and average crystallite sizes of 35.2 nm.Raman spectra indicated that long time refluxing results in Alkane dehydrogenation and the formation of coke on TiO2 nanoparticles.Oxygen presence in TiN lattice was confirmed by XPS investigation.The particle size that was showed by Electron microscopy photographs ranged from 20 to 60 nm.展开更多
The equilibrium lattice parameter,relative volume V/V0,elastic constants Cij,and bulk modulus of titanium nitride are successfully obtained using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential(PW-PP) method within the frame...The equilibrium lattice parameter,relative volume V/V0,elastic constants Cij,and bulk modulus of titanium nitride are successfully obtained using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential(PW-PP) method within the framework of density functional theory.The quasi-harmonic Debye model,using a set of total energy vs molar volume obtained with the PW-PP method,is applied to the study of the elastic properties and vibrational effects.We analyze the relationship between the bulk modulus and temperature up to 2000 K and obtain the relationship between bulk modulus B and pressure at different temperatures.It is found that the bulk modulus B increases monotonously with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature.Moreover,the Debye temperature is determined from the non-equilibrium Gibbs func-tions.展开更多
Titanium(Ti)nitrides were in situ grown on Ti6Al4V alloy(TA)using a glow discharge plasma nitriding(GDPN).The morphology,chemical composition,phase and mechanical property of the obtained nitrided TA were analyzed usi...Titanium(Ti)nitrides were in situ grown on Ti6Al4V alloy(TA)using a glow discharge plasma nitriding(GDPN).The morphology,chemical composition,phase and mechanical property of the obtained nitrided TA were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and nanoindentation tester,respectively.The tribological performances of un-nitrided and nitrided TAs were evaluated using a ball-on-plate wear tester,and the wear mechanism was also discussed in detail.The results show that the nitrided layer with the compound and diffusion layers is formed on the nitrided TA,which is composed of δ-TiN and a-Ti phases.The nanohardness and elastic modulus of nitrided TA are 6.05 and 143.13 GPa,respectively,higher than those of un-nitrided TA.The friction reduction and anti-wear performances of nitrided TA are better than those of un-nitrided TA,and the wear mechanism is primary abrasive wear,accompanying with adhesive wear,which is attributed to the formation of Ti nitrides with the high nanohardness and elastic modulus.展开更多
Objective:To study the characteristics of the intraocular lens using ion beam sputtering depositing titanium nitride thin film on the intraocular lens(IOLs).Methods:To deposite titanium nitride thin film on the top of...Objective:To study the characteristics of the intraocular lens using ion beam sputtering depositing titanium nitride thin film on the intraocular lens(IOLs).Methods:To deposite titanium nitride thin film on the top of intraocular lens by ion beam sputtering depositing.We analyzed the surface morphology of intraocular lens through SEM and AFM.We detected intraocular lens resolution through the measurement of intraocular lens.Biocompatibility of intraocular lens is preliminary evaluated in this test.Results:The surface morphology of intraocular lens material was not changed,and was in line with the requirements of smoothness.Resolution was in line with national requirements.Unmodified and modified IOLs's cytotoxicity were 1 and 0.6 grade respectively.Hemolytic rates of modified and unmodified were both less than 5%.Conclusion:Ion beam sputtering deposition of objects didn't only affect the surface morphology and the basic optical performance,but also can enhance the biocompatibility of intraocular lens.Ion beam sputtering deposition technique has provided new methods for the surface modification of IOLs and PMMA materials.展开更多
Simultaneous development of well impedance matching and strong loss capability has become a mainstream method for achieving outstanding electromagnetic microwave absorption(EMWA)performances over wide temperature rang...Simultaneous development of well impedance matching and strong loss capability has become a mainstream method for achieving outstanding electromagnetic microwave absorption(EMWA)performances over wide temperature range.However,it is difficult to pursue both due to the mutual restraint of relationship between impedance matching and loss capability about temperature.Here,we propose a flexible regulation engineering of titanium nitride(TiN)nanofibrous membranes(NMs,TNMs),which could be distributed uniformly in the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)matrix and contributed to the formation of abundant local conductive networks,generating the local conductive loss and enhancing the loss ability of EMWs.Moreover,when the TNMs are used as functional units and dispersed in the matrix,the corresponding composites exhibit an outstanding anti-reflection effect on microwaves.As hoped,under the precondition of good impedance matching,local conductive loss and polarization loss together improve the loss capacity at room temperature,and polarization loss can compensate the local conductive loss to acquire effective dielectric response at elevated temperature.Benefiting from the reasonably synergistic loss ability caused by flexible regulation engineering,the corresponding composites exhibit the perfect EMWA performances in a wide temperature range from 298 to 573 K.This work not only elaborates the ponderable insights of independent membrane in the composition-structure-function connection,but also provides a feasible tactic for resolving coexistence of well impedance matching and strong loss capability issues in wide temperature spectrum.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been regarded as promising energy-storage systems,due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the carbonaceous sulfur hosts suffer from weak binding force betwe...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been regarded as promising energy-storage systems,due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the carbonaceous sulfur hosts suffer from weak binding force between the hosts and polysulfides,restricting the cyclic stability of sulfur electrode.Meantime,the presence of binder and conductive agent in the traditional electrode reduces its energy density.This study demonstrates that titanium nitride(TiN)nanorod array on carbon cloth(CC)is employed as a flexible host for highly stable Li-S batteries via solvothermal synthesis-nitridation strategy.On the one hand,the flexible integrated network composed of three-dimensional TiN nanorod array and CC significantly improves the conductivity,increases the electron transport and electrolyte penetration of cathode.On the other hand,the 3D structure of TiN/CC and the enhanced polarity of TiN effectively strengthen the physical and chemical double adsorption for polysulfides.As a result,the combination of TiN nanorod array and CC synergistic ally promotes sulfur utilization and electrochemical performances of S@TiN/CC cathode.A discharge capacity of1015.2 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C after 250 cycles and 604.1mAh·g^(-1)at 3C after 250 cycles is realized.Under a larger current density of 5C,the resulting S@TiN/CC cathode maintains a high discharge capacity of 666.6 mAh·g^(-1)and the Coulombic efficiency of about 100%.展开更多
The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO<sub>2</sub>) is gaining interest in agriculture because of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO<su...The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO<sub>2</sub>) is gaining interest in agriculture because of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO<sub>2</sub> (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and biomass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> to seeds through imbibition resulted in a significant reduction in shoot biomass accumulation while 5 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> did not affect the biomass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> reduced the fresh shoot biomass accumulation by about 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry biomass, root fresh and dry biomass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected by the application of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub>. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiO<sub>2</sub> application to lettuce seeds had a notable negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub>. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiO<sub>2</sub>. Thus, foliar application of nTiO<sub>2</sub> may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, but it can result in foliar toxicity.展开更多
Proximity effects between superconductors and ferromagnets(SC/FM)hold paramount importance in comprehending the spin competition transpiring at their interfaces.This competition arises from the interplay between Coope...Proximity effects between superconductors and ferromagnets(SC/FM)hold paramount importance in comprehending the spin competition transpiring at their interfaces.This competition arises from the interplay between Cooper pairs and ferromagnetic exchange interactions.The proximity effects between transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are scarcely investigated due to the formidable challenges of fabricating high-quality SC/FM interfaces.We fabricated heterostructures comprising SC titanium nitride(TiN)and FM iron nitride(Fe_(3)N)with precise chemical compositions and atomically well-defined interfaces.The magnetoresistance of Fe_(3)N/TiN heterostructures shows a distinct magnetic anisotropy and strongly depends on the external perturbations.Moreover,the superconducting transition temperatureT_(C) and critical field of TiN experience notable suppression when proximity to Fe_(3)N.We observe the intriguing competition of interfacial spin orientations near𝑇T_(C)(∼1.25 K).These findings not only add a new materials system for investigating the interplay between superconductor and ferromagnets,but also potentially provide a building block for future research endeavors and applications in the realms of superconducting spintronic devices.展开更多
A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high lumines...A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high luminescent quantum efficiency.What is more attractive is that the luminescent properties such as wavelength and intensity can be regulated by controlling the structure at the molecular level.Hence,it is time to summarize the related research on CN structural evolution and make a prospect on future developments.In this review,we first summarize the research history and multiple structural evolution of CN.Then,the progress of improving the luminescence performance of CN through structural evolution was discussed.Significantly,the relationship between CN structure evolution and energy conversion in the forms of photoluminescence,chemiluminescence,and electrochemiluminescence was reviewed.Finally,key challenges and opportunities such as nanoscale dispersion strategy,luminous efficiency improving methods,standardization evaluation,and macroscopic preparation of CN are highlighted.展开更多
Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pelle...Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pellets occurs due to the aggregation of metal-lic iron between the contact surfaces of adjacent pellets and has a serious negative effect on the continuous operation.This paper presents a detailed experimental study of the effect of TiO2 on the sticking behavior of pellets during direct reduction under different conditions.Results showed that the sticking index(SI)decreased linearly with the increasing TiO2 addition.This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase in unreduced FeTiO3 during reduction,leading to a decrease in the number and strength of metallic iron interconnections at the sticking interface.When the TiO2 addition amount was raised from 0 to 15wt%at 1100°C,the SI also increased from 0.71%to 59.91%.The connection of the slag phase could be attributed to the sticking at a low reduction temperature,corresponding to the low sticking strength.Moreover,the interconnection of metallic iron became the dominant factor,and the SI increased sharply with the increase in re-duction temperature.TiO2 had a greater effect on SI at a high reduction temperature than at a low reduction temperature.展开更多
To gain further understanding of the luminescence properties of multiquantum wells and the factors affecting them on a microscopic level,cathodoluminescence combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy and ...To gain further understanding of the luminescence properties of multiquantum wells and the factors affecting them on a microscopic level,cathodoluminescence combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy was used to measure the luminescence of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N five-period multiquantum wells.The lattice-composition-energy relationship was established with the help of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,and the bandgaps of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N and GaN in multiple quantum wells were extracted by electron energy loss spectroscopy to understand the features of cathodoluminescence spectra.The luminescence differences between different periods of multiquantum wells and the effects of defects such as composition fluctuation and dislocations on the luminescence of multiple quantum wells were revealed.Our study establishing the direct relationship between the atomic structure of In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N multiquantum wells and photoelectric properties provides useful information for nitride applications.展开更多
The practical engineering applications of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti alloys produced through cold compaction and pressure-less sintering are impeded by poor sintering densification, embrittlement caused by excessive O ...The practical engineering applications of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti alloys produced through cold compaction and pressure-less sintering are impeded by poor sintering densification, embrittlement caused by excessive O impurities, and severe sintering deforma-tion resulting from the use of heterogeneous powder mixtures. This review presents a summary of our previous work on addressing the above challenges. Initially, we proposed a novel strategy using reaction-induced liquid phases to enhance sintering densification. Near- complete density (relative density exceeding 99%) was achieved by applying the above strategy and newly developed sintering aids. By focusing on the O-induced embrittlement issue, we determined the onset dissolution temperature of oxide films in the Ti matrix. On the basis of this finding, we established a design criterion for effective O scavengers that require reaction with oxide films before their dissol-ution. Consequently, a ductile PM Ti alloy was successfully obtained by introducing 0.3wt% NdB6 as the O scavenger. Lastly, a powder- coating strategy was adopted to address the sintering deformation issue. The ultrafine size and shell-like distribution characteristics of coating particles ensured rapid dissolution and homogeneity in the Ti matrix, thereby facilitating linear shrinkage during sintering. As a result, geometrically complex Ti alloy parts with high dimensional accuracy were fabricated by using the coated powder. Our fundament-al findings and related technical achievements enabled the development of an integrated production technology for the high-performance and accurate shaping of low-cost PM Ti alloys. Additionally, the primary engineering applications and progress in the industrialization practice of our developed technology are introduced in this review.展开更多
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron ni...Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron nitride,thereby limiting their performance in applications such as thermal management.In this study,we present a coaxial wet spinning approach for the fabrication of BNNSs/polymer composite fibers with high nanosheet orientation.The composite fibers were prepared using a superacid-based solvent system and showed a layered structure comprising an aramid core and an aramid/BNNSs sheath.Notably,the coaxial fibers exhibited significantly higher BNNSs alignment compared to uniaxial aramid/BNNSs fibers,primarily due to the additional compressive forces exerted at the core-sheath interface during the hot drawing process.With a BNNSs loading of 60 wt%,the resulting coaxial fibers showed exceptional properties,including an ultrahigh Herman orientation parameter of 0.81,thermal conductivity of 17.2 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and tensile strength of 192.5 MPa.These results surpassed those of uniaxial fibers and previously reported BNNSs composite fibers,making them highly suitable for applications such as wearable thermal management textiles.Our findings present a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance composite fibers based on BNNSs.展开更多
With the rapid development of 5G information technology,thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices and electrical equipment are becoming prominent.In this work,“high-temperature...With the rapid development of 5G information technology,thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices and electrical equipment are becoming prominent.In this work,“high-temperature solid-phase&diazonium salt decomposition”method is carried out to prepare benzidine-functionalized boron nitride(m-BN).Subsequently,m-BN/poly(pphenylene benzobisoxazole)nanofiber(PNF)nanocomposite paper with nacremimetic layered structures is prepared via sol–gel film transformation approach.The obtained m-BN/PNF nanocomposite paper with 50 wt%m-BN presents excellent thermal conductivity,incredible electrical insulation,outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability,due to the construction of extensive hydrogen bonds andπ–πinteractions between m-BN and PNF,and stable nacre-mimetic layered structures.Itsλ∥andλ_(⊥)are 9.68 and 0.84 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and the volume resistivity and breakdown strength are as high as 2.3×10^(15)Ωcm and 324.2 kV mm^(-1),respectively.Besides,it also presents extremely high tensile strength of 193.6 MPa and thermal decomposition temperature of 640°C,showing a broad application prospect in high-end thermal management fields such as electronic devices and electrical equipment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22075159,22002066)Shandong Taishan Scholars Project(Grant Nos.ts20190932,tsqn202103058)+1 种基金Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials(Grant No.202203404)Postdoctoral Applied Research Project in Qingdao,and the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Provincial Education Department(Grant No.2019KJC023).
文摘Ruthenium(Ru)has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to substitute Pt for catalyzing alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),owing to its inherent high activity and being the cheapest platinum-group metal.Herein,based on the idea of strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)regulation,Ru/TiN catalysts with different degrees of TiN overlayer over Ru nanoparticles were fabricated,which were applied to the alkaline electrolytic water.Characterizations reveal that the TiN overlayer would gradually encapsulate the Ru nanoparticles and induce more electron transfer from Ru nanoparticles to TiN support by the Ru–N–Ti bond as the SMSI degree increased.Further study shows that the exposed Ru–TiN interfaces greatly promote the H_(2) desorption capacity.Thus,the Ru/TiN-300 with a moderate SMSI degree exhibits excellent HER performance,with an overpotential of 38 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Also,due to the encapsulation role of TiN overlayer on Ru nanoparticles,it displays super long-term stability with a very slight potential change after 24 h.This study provides a deep insight into the influence of the SMSI effect between Ru and TiN on HER and offers a novel approach for preparing efficient and stable HER electrocatalysts through SMSI engineering.
文摘Composite,diffusive titanium nitride layers formed on a titanium and aluminum sub-layer were produced on the AZ91D magnesium alloy.The layers were obtained using a hybrid method which combined the PVD processes with the final sealing by a hydrothermal treatment.The microstructure,resistance to corrosion,mechanical damage,and frictional wear of the layers were examined.The properties of the AZ91D alloy covered with these layers were compared with those of the untreated alloy and of some engineering materials such as 316L stainless steel,100Cr6 bearing steel,and the AZ91D alloy subjected to commercial anodizing.It has been found that the composite diffusive nitride layer produced on the AZ91D alloy and then sealed by the hydrothermal treatment ensures the corrosion resistance comparable with that of 316L stainless steel.The layers are characterized by higher electrochemical durability which is due to the surface being overbuilt with the titanium oxides formed,as shown by the XPS examinations,from titanium nitride during the hydrothermal treatment.The composite titanium nitride layers exhibit high resistance to mechanical damage and wear,including frictional wear which is comparable with that of 100Cr6 bearing steel.The performance properties of the AZ91D magnesium alloy covered with the composite titanium nitride coating are substantially superior to those of the alloy subjected to commercial anodizing which is the dominant technique employed in industrial practice.
文摘Catalysts of carbon monoxide oxidation were synthesized by deposition of platinum on titanium nitride (TiN). Two substrates with an average particle size of 18 and 36 nm were obtained by hydrogen reduction of titanium tetrachloride in a stream of microwave plasma of nitrogen. The surface of the catalysts was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data obtained by us in the present work indicate the presence of oxynitride as a transition layer between nitride and oxide. It was found that the CO oxidation rate on the 9 - 15 wt.% Pt loaded TiN catalysts is 120 times higher than that on the platinum black with a specific surface of 30 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Increase in the reaction rate of CO oxidation on Pt/TiN catalysts as compared to platinum black can be associated with both an increase in the concentration of CO molecules adsorbed and a decrease in the activation energy of the reaction. Catalysts are promising for use in catalytic air purification systems.
文摘Low temperature deposition (LTD) is an actual frontier in materials sicence and engineering, especially for thin film technology In this paper the fundamentals and processing of lew temperature deposition of TiN coating are reviewed. The prerequisites of a law temperature deposition process are enough good densification, hardness and adhesion of the deposited coating. The fundamentals Of low temperature deposition are Structure zone model and nonequilibrium plasma vapor growth in a combined DC and pulsed electromagnetic fields. namely a combination of a DC bias voltage superimposed by a DC pulsed bias voltage with variable frequency and peak voltage height. Low temperature deposition processing can be realized simply with only stationary eledric fields. However, sensitivity of the product quality to the process parameters is the main barrier of this processing in the way to mass production. Low temperature deposition processing using the effects of a combined DC and pulsed electromagnetic fields has attained some promising results for the future commercialization. But they need Still further Systematic and deep study The application of low temperature deposition processing is nOt limited in range of low melting substrate materials. It is also important for internal stress control, defect minimization, microstructure densification and pedermance improvement for coatings on broad spectrum of substrate materials as well as for different types of applications.
文摘AIM To evaluate the influence of the titanium nitride(TiN) coating on the results of a total knee arthroplasty(TKA). METHODS A total of 910 patients(338 men; 572 woman), with a mean age of 65(range 36-94) undergoing 1031 primary TKAs were assessed. Clinical evaluation and patientreported outcomes were gathered one year after surgery. The questionnaires included the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score(KOOS)-Dutch version, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) pain scores in rest and during active knee movement, VAS-satisfaction scores, and EQ-5 D-3 L health scores. This was aimed to assess the overall knee function and patient satisfaction, and to enable us to make a gross comparison to other TKAs.RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 46 mo(range 1-92) the overall implant survival was 97.7% and 95.1% for any operative reason related to the implant. Twenty-three knees(2.2%) required revision surgery. Arthrofibrosis was the most common indication for a re-operation. The clinical evaluation and patient-reported outcomes revealed good to excellent patient satisfaction and function of the arthroplasty. The median postoperative VAS-pain scores on a scale of 0-100, at one year after surgery were 1 in rest and 2 during movement.CONCLUSION The Ti N coated, mobile bearing TKA results are excellent and similar to those of other widely used TKA designs. Residual pain of the knee remains a concern and the Ti N coating in combination with the mobile bearing does not seem to be the simple solution to this problem. Future research will have to show that the coating gives a better survival than the cobalt chrome version.
基金Funded by Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (No.2006Z02-17)
文摘Titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles were prepared from a novel refluxing-derived precursor.The organic/inorganic hybrid precursor was prepared by a two-stage refluxing method using hydrous TiO2 as titania source and n-dodecane as carbon source.The precursor was heat-treated to 1 200 °C in flowing ammonia (NH3) to get TiN nanoparticles.The phase and chemical compositions were investigated by means of XRD,Raman spectroscopy and XPS.Samples microstructure was studied by means of SEM,TEM and SEAD.XRD pattern indicated that the product was face-centered cubic TiN with a lattice constant a = 4.236 · and average crystallite sizes of 35.2 nm.Raman spectra indicated that long time refluxing results in Alkane dehydrogenation and the formation of coke on TiO2 nanoparticles.Oxygen presence in TiN lattice was confirmed by XPS investigation.The particle size that was showed by Electron microscopy photographs ranged from 20 to 60 nm.
基金supported by the Science and Technology of Henan Province in China(No.082300410050)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talentsin Universities of Henan Province in China(Grant No.2008HASTIT008)
文摘The equilibrium lattice parameter,relative volume V/V0,elastic constants Cij,and bulk modulus of titanium nitride are successfully obtained using the ab initio plane-wave pseudopotential(PW-PP) method within the framework of density functional theory.The quasi-harmonic Debye model,using a set of total energy vs molar volume obtained with the PW-PP method,is applied to the study of the elastic properties and vibrational effects.We analyze the relationship between the bulk modulus and temperature up to 2000 K and obtain the relationship between bulk modulus B and pressure at different temperatures.It is found that the bulk modulus B increases monotonously with increasing pressure and decreases with increasing temperature.Moreover,the Debye temperature is determined from the non-equilibrium Gibbs func-tions.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2232018A3-08,2232018D3-04)
文摘Titanium(Ti)nitrides were in situ grown on Ti6Al4V alloy(TA)using a glow discharge plasma nitriding(GDPN).The morphology,chemical composition,phase and mechanical property of the obtained nitrided TA were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and nanoindentation tester,respectively.The tribological performances of un-nitrided and nitrided TAs were evaluated using a ball-on-plate wear tester,and the wear mechanism was also discussed in detail.The results show that the nitrided layer with the compound and diffusion layers is formed on the nitrided TA,which is composed of δ-TiN and a-Ti phases.The nanohardness and elastic modulus of nitrided TA are 6.05 and 143.13 GPa,respectively,higher than those of un-nitrided TA.The friction reduction and anti-wear performances of nitrided TA are better than those of un-nitrided TA,and the wear mechanism is primary abrasive wear,accompanying with adhesive wear,which is attributed to the formation of Ti nitrides with the high nanohardness and elastic modulus.
文摘Objective:To study the characteristics of the intraocular lens using ion beam sputtering depositing titanium nitride thin film on the intraocular lens(IOLs).Methods:To deposite titanium nitride thin film on the top of intraocular lens by ion beam sputtering depositing.We analyzed the surface morphology of intraocular lens through SEM and AFM.We detected intraocular lens resolution through the measurement of intraocular lens.Biocompatibility of intraocular lens is preliminary evaluated in this test.Results:The surface morphology of intraocular lens material was not changed,and was in line with the requirements of smoothness.Resolution was in line with national requirements.Unmodified and modified IOLs's cytotoxicity were 1 and 0.6 grade respectively.Hemolytic rates of modified and unmodified were both less than 5%.Conclusion:Ion beam sputtering deposition of objects didn't only affect the surface morphology and the basic optical performance,but also can enhance the biocompatibility of intraocular lens.Ion beam sputtering deposition technique has provided new methods for the surface modification of IOLs and PMMA materials.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22305066 and U1704253).
文摘Simultaneous development of well impedance matching and strong loss capability has become a mainstream method for achieving outstanding electromagnetic microwave absorption(EMWA)performances over wide temperature range.However,it is difficult to pursue both due to the mutual restraint of relationship between impedance matching and loss capability about temperature.Here,we propose a flexible regulation engineering of titanium nitride(TiN)nanofibrous membranes(NMs,TNMs),which could be distributed uniformly in the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)matrix and contributed to the formation of abundant local conductive networks,generating the local conductive loss and enhancing the loss ability of EMWs.Moreover,when the TNMs are used as functional units and dispersed in the matrix,the corresponding composites exhibit an outstanding anti-reflection effect on microwaves.As hoped,under the precondition of good impedance matching,local conductive loss and polarization loss together improve the loss capacity at room temperature,and polarization loss can compensate the local conductive loss to acquire effective dielectric response at elevated temperature.Benefiting from the reasonably synergistic loss ability caused by flexible regulation engineering,the corresponding composites exhibit the perfect EMWA performances in a wide temperature range from 298 to 573 K.This work not only elaborates the ponderable insights of independent membrane in the composition-structure-function connection,but also provides a feasible tactic for resolving coexistence of well impedance matching and strong loss capability issues in wide temperature spectrum.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22179064,91963119,21805140,51772157,21905141,22203046 and62174087)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2018M642287)+2 种基金Jiangsu Province Postdoctoral Research Grant Program (No.2018K156C)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)the Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have been regarded as promising energy-storage systems,due to their high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the carbonaceous sulfur hosts suffer from weak binding force between the hosts and polysulfides,restricting the cyclic stability of sulfur electrode.Meantime,the presence of binder and conductive agent in the traditional electrode reduces its energy density.This study demonstrates that titanium nitride(TiN)nanorod array on carbon cloth(CC)is employed as a flexible host for highly stable Li-S batteries via solvothermal synthesis-nitridation strategy.On the one hand,the flexible integrated network composed of three-dimensional TiN nanorod array and CC significantly improves the conductivity,increases the electron transport and electrolyte penetration of cathode.On the other hand,the 3D structure of TiN/CC and the enhanced polarity of TiN effectively strengthen the physical and chemical double adsorption for polysulfides.As a result,the combination of TiN nanorod array and CC synergistic ally promotes sulfur utilization and electrochemical performances of S@TiN/CC cathode.A discharge capacity of1015.2 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5C after 250 cycles and 604.1mAh·g^(-1)at 3C after 250 cycles is realized.Under a larger current density of 5C,the resulting S@TiN/CC cathode maintains a high discharge capacity of 666.6 mAh·g^(-1)and the Coulombic efficiency of about 100%.
文摘The use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO<sub>2</sub>) is gaining interest in agriculture because of their impact on many aspects of plant growth. The present study examines the effects of nTiO<sub>2</sub> (5 nm and 10 nm) applied to seeds and the seedlings as a foliar application on various aspects of growth characteristics and biomass accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, cv. Grand Rapids). Application of 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> to seeds through imbibition resulted in a significant reduction in shoot biomass accumulation while 5 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> did not affect the biomass accumulation in lettuce. The application of 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub> reduced the fresh shoot biomass accumulation by about 18% compared to the control plants. Other growth characteristics such as shoot dry biomass, root fresh and dry biomass, plant height, and leaf area were not affected by the application of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub>. In addition, foliar application of these nanoparticles to the lettuce seedlings did not have a significant effect on most of the growth parameters examined, and the increasing concentration ranging from 5 nm/L to 400 mg/L did not produce a consistent response in lettuce. Thus, nTiO<sub>2</sub> application to lettuce seeds had a notable negative impact on shoot growth while foliar application did not have a significant effect on many plant growth characteristics. However, foliar applications produced some symptoms of toxicity to the foliage in the form of necrotic or chlorotic patches on the leaves, which were more pronounced with increasing concentrations of both 5 nm and 10 nm nTiO<sub>2</sub>. However, these symptoms were apparent at a concentration as low as 50 mg/L of nTiO<sub>2</sub>. Thus, foliar application of nTiO<sub>2</sub> may not have a significant impact on many of the growth characteristics in lettuce, but it can result in foliar toxicity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0309100 and 2019YFA0308500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20263,52250308,and 11974390)+3 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-084)(E.J.G.)Special Research Assistant(Q.J.),the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB33030200)(K.J.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723353)the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Science and Technology(Grant No.HTCSNS-DG-CD-0080/2021).
文摘Proximity effects between superconductors and ferromagnets(SC/FM)hold paramount importance in comprehending the spin competition transpiring at their interfaces.This competition arises from the interplay between Cooper pairs and ferromagnetic exchange interactions.The proximity effects between transition metal nitrides(TMNs)are scarcely investigated due to the formidable challenges of fabricating high-quality SC/FM interfaces.We fabricated heterostructures comprising SC titanium nitride(TiN)and FM iron nitride(Fe_(3)N)with precise chemical compositions and atomically well-defined interfaces.The magnetoresistance of Fe_(3)N/TiN heterostructures shows a distinct magnetic anisotropy and strongly depends on the external perturbations.Moreover,the superconducting transition temperatureT_(C) and critical field of TiN experience notable suppression when proximity to Fe_(3)N.We observe the intriguing competition of interfacial spin orientations near𝑇T_(C)(∼1.25 K).These findings not only add a new materials system for investigating the interplay between superconductor and ferromagnets,but also potentially provide a building block for future research endeavors and applications in the realms of superconducting spintronic devices.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E2022209039)Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(Grant No.ZD-YG-202301)Tangshan Talent Funding Project(Grant No.A202202007).
文摘A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high luminescent quantum efficiency.What is more attractive is that the luminescent properties such as wavelength and intensity can be regulated by controlling the structure at the molecular level.Hence,it is time to summarize the related research on CN structural evolution and make a prospect on future developments.In this review,we first summarize the research history and multiple structural evolution of CN.Then,the progress of improving the luminescence performance of CN through structural evolution was discussed.Significantly,the relationship between CN structure evolution and energy conversion in the forms of photoluminescence,chemiluminescence,and electrochemiluminescence was reviewed.Finally,key challenges and opportunities such as nanoscale dispersion strategy,luminous efficiency improving methods,standardization evaluation,and macroscopic preparation of CN are highlighted.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904063)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Province,China(No.2022JH24/10200027)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province,China(No.21314001D)the seventh batch of the Ten Thousand Talents Plan(No.ZX20220553).
文摘Direct reduction based on hydrogen metallurgical gas-based shaft furnace is a promising technology for the efficient and low-carbon smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite.However,in this process,the sticking of pellets occurs due to the aggregation of metal-lic iron between the contact surfaces of adjacent pellets and has a serious negative effect on the continuous operation.This paper presents a detailed experimental study of the effect of TiO2 on the sticking behavior of pellets during direct reduction under different conditions.Results showed that the sticking index(SI)decreased linearly with the increasing TiO2 addition.This phenomenon can be attributed to the increase in unreduced FeTiO3 during reduction,leading to a decrease in the number and strength of metallic iron interconnections at the sticking interface.When the TiO2 addition amount was raised from 0 to 15wt%at 1100°C,the SI also increased from 0.71%to 59.91%.The connection of the slag phase could be attributed to the sticking at a low reduction temperature,corresponding to the low sticking strength.Moreover,the interconnection of metallic iron became the dominant factor,and the SI increased sharply with the increase in re-duction temperature.TiO2 had a greater effect on SI at a high reduction temperature than at a low reduction temperature.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0708202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974023, 52021006, 61974139, 12074369, and 12104017)+1 种基金the “2011 Program” from the Peking–Tsinghua–IOP Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matterthe Youth Supporting Program of Institute of Semiconductors
文摘To gain further understanding of the luminescence properties of multiquantum wells and the factors affecting them on a microscopic level,cathodoluminescence combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy was used to measure the luminescence of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N five-period multiquantum wells.The lattice-composition-energy relationship was established with the help of energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy,and the bandgaps of In_(0.15)Ga_(0.85)N and GaN in multiple quantum wells were extracted by electron energy loss spectroscopy to understand the features of cathodoluminescence spectra.The luminescence differences between different periods of multiquantum wells and the effects of defects such as composition fluctuation and dislocations on the luminescence of multiple quantum wells were revealed.Our study establishing the direct relationship between the atomic structure of In_(x)Ga_(1-x)N multiquantum wells and photoelectric properties provides useful information for nitride applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52074254 and 52174349)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research,China (No.YSBR-025)+3 种基金the Shandong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (No.2019JZZY010363)the Key Projects of International Cooperation,China (No.122111KYSB20200034)the Project of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Particle Materials,China (No.CXJJ-22S043)Chinese Academy of Sciences.This work was also financially supported by the Selection of Best Candidates to Undertake Key Research Projects,China (No.211110230200).
文摘The practical engineering applications of powder metallurgy (PM) Ti alloys produced through cold compaction and pressure-less sintering are impeded by poor sintering densification, embrittlement caused by excessive O impurities, and severe sintering deforma-tion resulting from the use of heterogeneous powder mixtures. This review presents a summary of our previous work on addressing the above challenges. Initially, we proposed a novel strategy using reaction-induced liquid phases to enhance sintering densification. Near- complete density (relative density exceeding 99%) was achieved by applying the above strategy and newly developed sintering aids. By focusing on the O-induced embrittlement issue, we determined the onset dissolution temperature of oxide films in the Ti matrix. On the basis of this finding, we established a design criterion for effective O scavengers that require reaction with oxide films before their dissol-ution. Consequently, a ductile PM Ti alloy was successfully obtained by introducing 0.3wt% NdB6 as the O scavenger. Lastly, a powder- coating strategy was adopted to address the sintering deformation issue. The ultrafine size and shell-like distribution characteristics of coating particles ensured rapid dissolution and homogeneity in the Ti matrix, thereby facilitating linear shrinkage during sintering. As a result, geometrically complex Ti alloy parts with high dimensional accuracy were fabricated by using the coated powder. Our fundament-al findings and related technical achievements enabled the development of an integrated production technology for the high-performance and accurate shaping of low-cost PM Ti alloys. Additionally, the primary engineering applications and progress in the industrialization practice of our developed technology are introduced in this review.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019YFA0705403,2022YFA1205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2293693)+3 种基金the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2017ZT07C341)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B0301030002)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(Nos.WDZC20200824091903001,JSGG20220831105402004)Zhiyuan Xiong thanks the financial support from South China University of Technology.
文摘Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron nitride,thereby limiting their performance in applications such as thermal management.In this study,we present a coaxial wet spinning approach for the fabrication of BNNSs/polymer composite fibers with high nanosheet orientation.The composite fibers were prepared using a superacid-based solvent system and showed a layered structure comprising an aramid core and an aramid/BNNSs sheath.Notably,the coaxial fibers exhibited significantly higher BNNSs alignment compared to uniaxial aramid/BNNSs fibers,primarily due to the additional compressive forces exerted at the core-sheath interface during the hot drawing process.With a BNNSs loading of 60 wt%,the resulting coaxial fibers showed exceptional properties,including an ultrahigh Herman orientation parameter of 0.81,thermal conductivity of 17.2 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and tensile strength of 192.5 MPa.These results surpassed those of uniaxial fibers and previously reported BNNSs composite fibers,making them highly suitable for applications such as wearable thermal management textiles.Our findings present a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance composite fibers based on BNNSs.
基金The authors are grateful for the support and funding from the Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373089 and 51973173)Startup Foundation of Chongqing Normal University(23XLB011),Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJQN202300561)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘With the rapid development of 5G information technology,thermal conductivity/dissipation problems of highly integrated electronic devices and electrical equipment are becoming prominent.In this work,“high-temperature solid-phase&diazonium salt decomposition”method is carried out to prepare benzidine-functionalized boron nitride(m-BN).Subsequently,m-BN/poly(pphenylene benzobisoxazole)nanofiber(PNF)nanocomposite paper with nacremimetic layered structures is prepared via sol–gel film transformation approach.The obtained m-BN/PNF nanocomposite paper with 50 wt%m-BN presents excellent thermal conductivity,incredible electrical insulation,outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability,due to the construction of extensive hydrogen bonds andπ–πinteractions between m-BN and PNF,and stable nacre-mimetic layered structures.Itsλ∥andλ_(⊥)are 9.68 and 0.84 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and the volume resistivity and breakdown strength are as high as 2.3×10^(15)Ωcm and 324.2 kV mm^(-1),respectively.Besides,it also presents extremely high tensile strength of 193.6 MPa and thermal decomposition temperature of 640°C,showing a broad application prospect in high-end thermal management fields such as electronic devices and electrical equipment.
