The objective of this work was to determine the effect of transport time （up to 11 hours） on animal welfare. 540 animals （cows, bulls and calves）, three transport times of 2, 4 to 6, and 10 to 11 hours, and two sp...The objective of this work was to determine the effect of transport time （up to 11 hours） on animal welfare. 540 animals （cows, bulls and calves）, three transport times of 2, 4 to 6, and 10 to 11 hours, and two space allowances （2 m2 and 1.5 m2 per animal for cows and bulls; and 1.2 m2 and 0.8 m2 per animal for calves） were used for the experiment during transport from farms to the abattoir in Uppsala, Sweden. Measurements were made on five animals on each trip. Stress response parameters considered were cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase and heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and after transport. Heart rate sensors were mounted on the animals at least 30 minutes before loading and measurements were made continuously from farms to the abattoirs until stunning. The results of heart rate measurement indicated that loading, un-loading and forced movement in the stunning box were the most stressful events. However, the results of statistical analysis confirmed that transport time doesn＇t have significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on heart rate. Concentration level of cortisol increased by 10 folds during short transport. However, cortisol concentration decreased with an increase of transport times （P 〈 0.01）. Glucose concentrations increased with transport time in all animal categories （P ≤ 0.01）. Transport time has significant effect on concentration levels of glucose （P ≤ 0.01）, creatine kinase （P 〈 0.001） and lactate （P 〈 0.01） particularly after 6 hours journey time.展开更多
Background: In combat operations, patients with traumatic injuries require expeditious evacuation to improve survival. Studies have shown that long transport times are associated with increased morbidity and mortality...Background: In combat operations, patients with traumatic injuries require expeditious evacuation to improve survival. Studies have shown that long transport times are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Limited data exist on the influence of transport time on patient outcomes with specific injury types. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the duration of time from the initial request for medical evacuation to arrival at a medical treatment facility on morbidity and mortality in casualties with traumatic extremity amputation and noncompressible torso injury(NCTI).Methods: We completed a retrospective review of MEDEVAC patient care records for United States military personnel who sustained traumatic amputations and NCTI during Operation Enduring Freedom between January 2011 and March 2014. We grouped patients as traumatic amputation and NCTI(AMP+NCTI), traumatic amputation only(AMP),and neither AMP nor NCTI(Non-AMP/NCTI). Analysis was performed using chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests,Cochran-Armitage Trend tests, Shapiro-Wilks tests, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis techniques and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.Results: We reviewed 1267 records, of which 669 had an injury severity score(ISS) of 10 or greater and were included in the analysis. In the study population, 15.5% sustained only amputation injuries(n=104, AMP only), 10.8% sustained amputation and NCTI(n=72, AMP+NCTI), and 73.7% did not sustain either an amputation or an NCTI(n=493,Non-AMP/NCTI). AMP+NCTI had the highest mortality(16.7%) with transport time greater than 60 min. While the AMP+NCTI group had decreasing survival with longer transport times, AMP and Non-AMP/NCTI did not exhibit the same trend.Conclusions: A decreased transport time from the point of injury to a medical treatment facility was associated with decreased mortality in patients who suffered a combination of amputation injury and NCTI. No significant association between transport time and outcomes was found in patients who did not sustain NCTI. Priority for rapid evacuation of combat casualties should be given to those with NCTI.展开更多
Based on the factors impact strength model(FISM), we studied on calculation formulas of influence strength and key elements of FISM, and analyzed the turnover time of railway freight transportation of China. The resul...Based on the factors impact strength model(FISM), we studied on calculation formulas of influence strength and key elements of FISM, and analyzed the turnover time of railway freight transportation of China. The results show that wagon transfer time is the most critical factor among the three subjective factors of wagons turnover time. The FISM based analysis of wagon transfer time show that the wagon turnover time is significantly correlated with transit time with resorting. Among the seven factors of detention time of transit time with resorting, the time of waiting to departing, converging, and waiting to break-up are key factors, while the time of make-up, break-up, arrival and departure are general factors. We carried out one empirical research based on the data of Baoji East Railway Station in 2015. The results of empirical research and FISM are consistent completely.展开更多
Minimization of transportation time is a great concern of the transportation problems like the cost minimizing transportation problems. In this writing, a transportation algorithm is developed and applied to obtain an...Minimization of transportation time is a great concern of the transportation problems like the cost minimizing transportation problems. In this writing, a transportation algorithm is developed and applied to obtain an Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) of transportation problems in minimizing transportation time. The developed method has also been illustrated numerically to test the efficiency of the method where it is observed that the proposed method yields a better result.展开更多
Characterization of conformation kinetics of proteins at the interfaces is crucial for understanding the biornolecular functions and the mechanisms of interfacial biological action. But it requires to capture the dyna...Characterization of conformation kinetics of proteins at the interfaces is crucial for understanding the biornolecular functions and the mechanisms of interfacial biological action. But it requires to capture the dynamic structures of proteins at the interfaces with suffi- cient structural and temporal resolutions. Here, we demonstrate that a ferntosecond sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy （SFG-VS） system developed by our group provides a powerful tool for monitoring the real-tirne peptide transport across the membranes with time resolution of less than one second. By probing the real-time SFG signals in the arnide I and arnide A bands as WALP23 interacts with DMPG lipid bilayer, it is found that WALP23 is initially absorbed at the gel-phase DMPG bilayer with a random coil structure. The absorption of WALP23 on the surface leads to the surface charge reversal and thus changes the orientation of rnembrane-bound water. As the DMPG bilayer changes from gel phase into fluid phase, WALP23 inserts into the fluid-phase bilayer with its N-terminal end moving across the membrane, which causes the membrane dehydration and the transition of WALP23 conformation from random coil to mixed helix/loop structure and then to pure α-helical structure. The established system is ready to be employed in characterizing other interracial fast processes, which will be certainly helpful for providing a clear physical picture of the interracial phenomena.展开更多
Minimizing transportation time and getting optimal solutions are always considered as important factors while solving transportation problem. This paper shows a new approach for finding initial basic solution for tran...Minimizing transportation time and getting optimal solutions are always considered as important factors while solving transportation problem. This paper shows a new approach for finding initial basic solution for transportation problem which reduces cost of transportation more than any transportation method such as LCM, northwest, Vogel’s approximation and so on. This method has been illustrated by taking an example;afterwards, it compares basic initial feasible solution with other methods IBF and optimal dictate solutions such as MODI and Steppingstone method.展开更多
智能网联车辆队列行驶面临复杂的交通环境,所引发的时延、丢包等信息传输问题将导致队列车辆行驶稳定性降低而亟待解决.针对复杂交通环境,引入信息新鲜度(age of information, AoI)并提出了一种适应时变时延的智能网联车辆队列行驶稳定...智能网联车辆队列行驶面临复杂的交通环境,所引发的时延、丢包等信息传输问题将导致队列车辆行驶稳定性降低而亟待解决.针对复杂交通环境,引入信息新鲜度(age of information, AoI)并提出了一种适应时变时延的智能网联车辆队列行驶稳定性控制算法.该控制算法根据队列中多前车信息新鲜度来调整其对队列车辆车头间距影响的权重,同时依据时变时延信息预测队列中跟驰车辆与前车的车头间距,队列车辆按照请求周期向路侧单元(road side unit, RSU)实时发送请求,RSU依据车辆间距从小到大依次回应请求队列中的各个车辆,以控制其因时变时延可能造成的碰撞.数值仿真结果显示,相对智能驾驶员模型(intelligent driver model, IDM)而言,所提出的队列纵向稳定性控制算法具有更好的控制效果.针对时变时延发生概率20%的车车通信,队列车辆车头间距偏差的降低比例达6.4%,平均峰值信息新鲜度的降低比例达8.7%.同时,分析了队列车辆请求周期和回应请求车辆数量对队列纵向稳定性的影响,随着两者数值增加,控制算法给出的队列纵向稳定性分别呈现降低和增加的趋势.最后,实车测试了队列切出场景下车辆行驶数据和车辆接收信息的时延数据,将其引入数值仿真实验中.结果表明,车头间距偏差降低比例达15%.展开更多
Jumping from place to place, replicating food, biological or mechanical parts or beaming up somebody, may not be fiction, rather an issue of practical implementation as shall be observed in this paper. Devices like tr...Jumping from place to place, replicating food, biological or mechanical parts or beaming up somebody, may not be fiction, rather an issue of practical implementation as shall be observed in this paper. Devices like transporter, food replicators or warp drive intrigue our imagination. This paper is intended to show that Jump drive is an issue of coordinate transformation. Changing location from planet X to planet Y does not necessarily require travelling a distance D connecting between the two planets. The theoretical knowledge of changing the location from coordinate X to coordinate Y exists;we do that in signal processing, but, we have not yet developed such a machine. The present paper shows the feasibility of jump drive;however, much work needs to be done on the implementation.展开更多
文摘The objective of this work was to determine the effect of transport time （up to 11 hours） on animal welfare. 540 animals （cows, bulls and calves）, three transport times of 2, 4 to 6, and 10 to 11 hours, and two space allowances （2 m2 and 1.5 m2 per animal for cows and bulls; and 1.2 m2 and 0.8 m2 per animal for calves） were used for the experiment during transport from farms to the abattoir in Uppsala, Sweden. Measurements were made on five animals on each trip. Stress response parameters considered were cortisol, glucose, lactate, creatine kinase and heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and after transport. Heart rate sensors were mounted on the animals at least 30 minutes before loading and measurements were made continuously from farms to the abattoirs until stunning. The results of heart rate measurement indicated that loading, un-loading and forced movement in the stunning box were the most stressful events. However, the results of statistical analysis confirmed that transport time doesn＇t have significant effect （P 〈 0.05） on heart rate. Concentration level of cortisol increased by 10 folds during short transport. However, cortisol concentration decreased with an increase of transport times （P 〈 0.01）. Glucose concentrations increased with transport time in all animal categories （P ≤ 0.01）. Transport time has significant effect on concentration levels of glucose （P ≤ 0.01）, creatine kinase （P 〈 0.001） and lactate （P 〈 0.01） particularly after 6 hours journey time.
基金Department of Defense Joint Program Committee(JPC-6)
文摘Background: In combat operations, patients with traumatic injuries require expeditious evacuation to improve survival. Studies have shown that long transport times are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Limited data exist on the influence of transport time on patient outcomes with specific injury types. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the duration of time from the initial request for medical evacuation to arrival at a medical treatment facility on morbidity and mortality in casualties with traumatic extremity amputation and noncompressible torso injury(NCTI).Methods: We completed a retrospective review of MEDEVAC patient care records for United States military personnel who sustained traumatic amputations and NCTI during Operation Enduring Freedom between January 2011 and March 2014. We grouped patients as traumatic amputation and NCTI(AMP+NCTI), traumatic amputation only(AMP),and neither AMP nor NCTI(Non-AMP/NCTI). Analysis was performed using chi-squared tests, Fisher's exact tests,Cochran-Armitage Trend tests, Shapiro-Wilks tests, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis techniques and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.Results: We reviewed 1267 records, of which 669 had an injury severity score(ISS) of 10 or greater and were included in the analysis. In the study population, 15.5% sustained only amputation injuries(n=104, AMP only), 10.8% sustained amputation and NCTI(n=72, AMP+NCTI), and 73.7% did not sustain either an amputation or an NCTI(n=493,Non-AMP/NCTI). AMP+NCTI had the highest mortality(16.7%) with transport time greater than 60 min. While the AMP+NCTI group had decreasing survival with longer transport times, AMP and Non-AMP/NCTI did not exhibit the same trend.Conclusions: A decreased transport time from the point of injury to a medical treatment facility was associated with decreased mortality in patients who suffered a combination of amputation injury and NCTI. No significant association between transport time and outcomes was found in patients who did not sustain NCTI. Priority for rapid evacuation of combat casualties should be given to those with NCTI.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.26816WTD23)the National United Engineering Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Transportation of Southwest Jiaotong University,P.R.China(No.2682017ZT11)
文摘Based on the factors impact strength model(FISM), we studied on calculation formulas of influence strength and key elements of FISM, and analyzed the turnover time of railway freight transportation of China. The results show that wagon transfer time is the most critical factor among the three subjective factors of wagons turnover time. The FISM based analysis of wagon transfer time show that the wagon turnover time is significantly correlated with transit time with resorting. Among the seven factors of detention time of transit time with resorting, the time of waiting to departing, converging, and waiting to break-up are key factors, while the time of make-up, break-up, arrival and departure are general factors. We carried out one empirical research based on the data of Baoji East Railway Station in 2015. The results of empirical research and FISM are consistent completely.
文摘Minimization of transportation time is a great concern of the transportation problems like the cost minimizing transportation problems. In this writing, a transportation algorithm is developed and applied to obtain an Initial Basic Feasible Solution (IBFS) of transportation problems in minimizing transportation time. The developed method has also been illustrated numerically to test the efficiency of the method where it is observed that the proposed method yields a better result.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21473177,No.21633007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0303500 and No.2018YFA0208700)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2340000064)Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(No.AHY090000)
文摘Characterization of conformation kinetics of proteins at the interfaces is crucial for understanding the biornolecular functions and the mechanisms of interfacial biological action. But it requires to capture the dynamic structures of proteins at the interfaces with suffi- cient structural and temporal resolutions. Here, we demonstrate that a ferntosecond sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy （SFG-VS） system developed by our group provides a powerful tool for monitoring the real-tirne peptide transport across the membranes with time resolution of less than one second. By probing the real-time SFG signals in the arnide I and arnide A bands as WALP23 interacts with DMPG lipid bilayer, it is found that WALP23 is initially absorbed at the gel-phase DMPG bilayer with a random coil structure. The absorption of WALP23 on the surface leads to the surface charge reversal and thus changes the orientation of rnembrane-bound water. As the DMPG bilayer changes from gel phase into fluid phase, WALP23 inserts into the fluid-phase bilayer with its N-terminal end moving across the membrane, which causes the membrane dehydration and the transition of WALP23 conformation from random coil to mixed helix/loop structure and then to pure α-helical structure. The established system is ready to be employed in characterizing other interracial fast processes, which will be certainly helpful for providing a clear physical picture of the interracial phenomena.
文摘Minimizing transportation time and getting optimal solutions are always considered as important factors while solving transportation problem. This paper shows a new approach for finding initial basic solution for transportation problem which reduces cost of transportation more than any transportation method such as LCM, northwest, Vogel’s approximation and so on. This method has been illustrated by taking an example;afterwards, it compares basic initial feasible solution with other methods IBF and optimal dictate solutions such as MODI and Steppingstone method.
文摘智能网联车辆队列行驶面临复杂的交通环境,所引发的时延、丢包等信息传输问题将导致队列车辆行驶稳定性降低而亟待解决.针对复杂交通环境,引入信息新鲜度(age of information, AoI)并提出了一种适应时变时延的智能网联车辆队列行驶稳定性控制算法.该控制算法根据队列中多前车信息新鲜度来调整其对队列车辆车头间距影响的权重,同时依据时变时延信息预测队列中跟驰车辆与前车的车头间距,队列车辆按照请求周期向路侧单元(road side unit, RSU)实时发送请求,RSU依据车辆间距从小到大依次回应请求队列中的各个车辆,以控制其因时变时延可能造成的碰撞.数值仿真结果显示,相对智能驾驶员模型(intelligent driver model, IDM)而言,所提出的队列纵向稳定性控制算法具有更好的控制效果.针对时变时延发生概率20%的车车通信,队列车辆车头间距偏差的降低比例达6.4%,平均峰值信息新鲜度的降低比例达8.7%.同时,分析了队列车辆请求周期和回应请求车辆数量对队列纵向稳定性的影响,随着两者数值增加,控制算法给出的队列纵向稳定性分别呈现降低和增加的趋势.最后,实车测试了队列切出场景下车辆行驶数据和车辆接收信息的时延数据,将其引入数值仿真实验中.结果表明,车头间距偏差降低比例达15%.
文摘Jumping from place to place, replicating food, biological or mechanical parts or beaming up somebody, may not be fiction, rather an issue of practical implementation as shall be observed in this paper. Devices like transporter, food replicators or warp drive intrigue our imagination. This paper is intended to show that Jump drive is an issue of coordinate transformation. Changing location from planet X to planet Y does not necessarily require travelling a distance D connecting between the two planets. The theoretical knowledge of changing the location from coordinate X to coordinate Y exists;we do that in signal processing, but, we have not yet developed such a machine. The present paper shows the feasibility of jump drive;however, much work needs to be done on the implementation.
