This paper is devoted to the study of a translation plane π(C) associated with a t-spread set C and its transposed t-spread set C t. In this paper, an explicit matrix form of the inverse of an isomorphism from a tran...This paper is devoted to the study of a translation plane π(C) associated with a t-spread set C and its transposed t-spread set C t. In this paper, an explicit matrix form of the inverse of an isomorphism from a translation plane into another translation plane associated with t-spread sets is derived and proved that two translation planes associated with t-spread sets are isomorphic if and only if their corresponding transposed translation planes are isomorphic. Further, it is shown that the transpose of a flag-transitive plane is flag-transitive and derived a necessary and sufficient condition for a translation plane π(C) to be isomorphic to its transposed translation plane.展开更多
High-energy-density fuels are important for volume-limited aerospace vehicles,but the increase in fuel energy density always leads to poor cryogenic performance.Herein,we investigated the transposed Patern-o-Büch...High-energy-density fuels are important for volume-limited aerospace vehicles,but the increase in fuel energy density always leads to poor cryogenic performance.Herein,we investigated the transposed Patern-o-Büchi reaction of biomass cyclic ketone and cyclic alkene to synthesize a new kind of alkyl-substituted polycyclic hydrocarbon fuel with high energy density and good cryogenic performance.The triplet-energy-quenching results and phosphorescent emission spectra reveal the sensitization mechanism of the reaction,including photosensitizer excitation,triplettriplet energy transfer,cyclization,and relaxation,and the possible reaction path was revealed by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The reaction conditions of photosensitizer type and addition,molar ratio of substrates,reaction temperature,and incident light intensity were optimized,with the target product yield achieving 65.5%.Moreover,the reaction dynamics of the reaction rate versus the light intensity are established.After the hydrogenation-deoxygenation reaction,three fuels with a high density of 0.864e0.938 g·ml^(-1) and a low freezing point of<-55℃ are obtained.This work provides a benign and effective approach to synthesize high-performance fuels.展开更多
In this paper, an improved Fast-R-CNN nuclear power cold source disaster biological image recognition algorithm is proposed to improve the safety operation of nuclear power plants. Firstly, the image data sets of the ...In this paper, an improved Fast-R-CNN nuclear power cold source disaster biological image recognition algorithm is proposed to improve the safety operation of nuclear power plants. Firstly, the image data sets of the disaster-causing creatures hairy shrimp and jellyfish were established. Then, in order to solve the problems of low recognition accuracy and unrecognizable small entities in disaster biometrics, Gamma correction algorithm was used to optimize the image of the data set, improve the image quality and reduce the noise interference. Transposed convolution is introduced into the convolution layer to increase the recognition accuracy of small targets. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of this algorithm is 6.75%, 7.5%, 9.8% and 9.03% higher than that of ResNet-50, MobileNetv1, GoogleNet and VGG16, respectively. The actual test results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is obviously better than other algorithms, and the recognition efficiency is higher, which basically meets the preset requirements of this paper.展开更多
Regulatory sequences and transposable elements(TEs)account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences of species;however,their roles in gene transcription,especially tissue-specific expression,remain largely unkn...Regulatory sequences and transposable elements(TEs)account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences of species;however,their roles in gene transcription,especially tissue-specific expression,remain largely unknown.Pigs serve as an excellent animal model for studying genomic sequence biology due to the extensive diversity among their wild and domesticated populations.Here,we conducted an integrated analysis using H3K27ac ChIP-seq,H3K4me3 ChIP-seq,and RNA-seq data from 10 different tissues of seven fetuses and eight closely related adult pigs.We aimed to annotate the regulatory elements and TEs to elucidate their associations with histone modifications and mRNA expression across different tissues and developmental stages.Based on correlation analysis between mRNA expression and H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peak activity,results indicated that H3K27ac exhibited stronger associations with gene expression than H3K4me3.Furthermore,1.45%of TEs overlapped with either the H3K27ac or H3K4me3 peaks,with the majority displaying tissue-specific activity.Notably,a TE subfamily(LTR4C_SS),containing binding motifs for SIX1 and SIX4,showed specific enrichment in the H3K27ac peaks of the adult and fetal ovaries.RNA-seq analysis also revealed widespread expression of TEs in the exons or promoters of genes,including 4688 TE-containing transcripts with distinct development stage-specific and tissue-specific expression.Of note,1967 TE-containing transcripts were enriched in the testes.We identified a long terminal repeat(LTR),MLT1F1,acting as a testis-specific alternative promoter in SRPK2(a cell cycle-related protein kinase)in our pig dataset.This element was also conserved in humans and mice,suggesting either an ancient integration of TEs in genes specifically expressed in the testes or parallel evolutionary patterns.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that TEs are deeply embedded in the genome and exhibit important tissue-specific biological functions,particularly in the reproductive organs.展开更多
The process of turning forest area into land is known as deforestation or forest degradation. Reforestation as a fraction of deforestation is extremely low. For improved qualitative and quantitative classification, we...The process of turning forest area into land is known as deforestation or forest degradation. Reforestation as a fraction of deforestation is extremely low. For improved qualitative and quantitative classification, we used Sentinel-1 dataset of State of Para, Brazil to precisely and closely monitor deforestation between June 2019 and June 2023. This research aimed to find out suitable model for classification called Satellite Imaging analysis by Transpose deep neural transformation network (SIT-net) using mathematical model based on Band math approach to classify deforestation applying transpose deep neural network. The main advantage of proposed model is easy to handle SAR images. The study concludes that SAR satellite gives high-resolution images to improve deforestation monitoring and proposed model takes less computational time compared to other techniques.展开更多
A compact High Temperature Superconductor(HTS)cable that can carry large current is crucial for developing high field superconducting accelerator magnets.Herein,we are reporting a high current and low AC loss REBCO ca...A compact High Temperature Superconductor(HTS)cable that can carry large current is crucial for developing high field superconducting accelerator magnets.Herein,we are reporting a high current and low AC loss REBCO cable that adopts the Roebel structure,but it is implemented by in‐plane bending stacked REBCO tapes directly to realize the transposition,instead of by punching REBCO tapes to the desired shape.The cable maximizes the utilization of the original REBCO tapes,so that the material cost is significantly reduced comparing with the present“Roebel”REBCO cable.Recently,a prototype cable has been successfully fabricated.The critical current of each REBCO tape after cabling shows no degradation,and the cable’s measured critical current is 1939.8 A at 77 K and self‐field,which is very close to the predicted critical current by simulation.Calculations also show that the AC loss of the cable is lower compared with that of a simple REBCO stack with the same cross‐section and current‐carrying capacity.In this paper,we first introduce the fabrication process of the cable.What follows is the measurement of the in‐plane bending performance of REBCO tapes.Then,we present the design and fabrication of the prototype cable together with current‐carrying performance tests.Finally,the AC loss calculation and analysis of the cable are reported.展开更多
Although accurate coding of letter or character identities and positions is very important for word recognition,it is well established that transposed-letter(TL)words or transposedcharacter(TC)words do not influence w...Although accurate coding of letter or character identities and positions is very important for word recognition,it is well established that transposed-letter(TL)words or transposedcharacter(TC)words do not influence word processing.However,most previous studies mainly examined TL words presented horizontally from left to right and considered less whether the same effect would occur with unusual text orientations.This paper examines the issue of whether unfamiliar text orientations would affect TL word processing when words are presented vertically from top to bottom or bottom to top,horizontally from right to left,or extremely rotated by 90°or 180°.Moreover,this paper also looks at the issue of whether readers’previous language backgrounds(monolingual vs.bilingual)and language-specific text orientations(single reading direction vs.multiple text orientations)influence TL word processing in unfamiliar circumstances.Based on the most recent evidence,this paper is in favor of the abstract letter units account which proposes that the basis of orthographic coding in skilled readers is abstract representations.Furthermore,a reconsideration from a perspective of Saussure’s conceptions of the signified and the signifier is developed.In the end,two main directions of future research are suggested:first,to the realm of bilingual TL study,with the aim to specify the key reasons why bilinguals demonstrate mixed results under unfamiliar text orientations and second,to the realm of sentence reading,in order to specify how orthographic information can be processed across longer text units other than words.展开更多
Background:A comprehensive landscape of chromatin states for multiple mammalian tissues is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying regulatory variants on complex traits.However,the genome-wide chr...Background:A comprehensive landscape of chromatin states for multiple mammalian tissues is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying regulatory variants on complex traits.However,the genome-wide chromatin accessibility has been only reported in limited tissue types in pigs.Results:Here we report a genome-wide landscape of chromatin accessibility of 20 tissues in two female pigs at ages of 6 months using ATAC-seq,and identified 557,273 merged peaks,which greatly expanded the pig regulatory ele-ment repository.We revealed tissue-specific regulatory elements which were associated with tissue-relevant biologi-cal functions.We identified both positive and negative significant correlations between the regulatory elements and gene transcripts,which showed distinct distributions in terms of their strength and distances from corresponding genes.We investigated the presence of transposable elements(TEs)in open chromatin regions across all tissues,these included identifications of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)exhibiting high accessibility in liver and homology of porcine specific virus sequences to universally accessible transposable elements.Furthermore,we prior-itized a potential causal variant for polyunsaturated fatty acid in the muscle.Conclusions:Our data provides a novel multi-tissues accessible chromatin landscape that serve as an important resource for interpreting regulatory sequences in tissue-specific and conserved biological functions,as well as regula-tory variants of loci associated with complex traits in pigs.展开更多
The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation ...The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the partial rectus muscle transportation(PRT)procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy.METHODS:In total,28 patients(31 eyes)who underwent the PRT proc...AIM:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the partial rectus muscle transportation(PRT)procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy.METHODS:In total,28 patients(31 eyes)who underwent the PRT procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy were retrospectively examined.The following data were collected pre-and postoperatively:angle of deviation in the primary position,presence of diplopia in the primary position,presence of compensatory head posture,and motility of the affected eye.The follow-up period was 6 mo.RESULTS:Based on the preoperative and intraoperative findings,different operations were performed:2 eyes were treated with PRT,26 eyes were treated with PRT combined with the recession of the antagonist muscle(Am)of the paralytic rectus muscle,and 3 eyes were treated with PRT along with the recession of the Am and the yoke muscle(Ym).On the first day after the operation,24 patients were found to be orthophoric in the primary position,without diplopia or abnormal head posture.Moreover,2 patients with monocular lateral rectus muscle palsy had mild overcorrection to 5 prism diopters(PD)and 8 PD,respectively,whereas 2 patients with binocular lateral rectus muscle palsy had mild undercorrection to 8 PD and 10 PD,respectively.During the 6-month follow-up period,the mean deviation was rectified from 96.79±41.21 PD to 0.64±2.38 PD(t=12.48,P<0.001),whereas the deviations in the 2 patients with mild overcorrection were corrected to orthotropia.The mean preoperative limitation of motility improved from-4.55±0.51 to-2.65±0.61(t=-15.13,P<0.001)after 6 mo postoperatively.CONCLUSION:PRT is an effective treatment for complete paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy,and can achieve stable clinical efficacy.展开更多
Transposable elements are capable of switching their positions on the genome thereby causing gene arrangements and contributing to genome evolution. The aim of this review is to specifically discuss the role of transp...Transposable elements are capable of switching their positions on the genome thereby causing gene arrangements and contributing to genome evolution. The aim of this review is to specifically discuss the role of transposable elements in transferring antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli, thus contributing to increase in virulence and conferring the possibility of multidrug resistance. Different types of transposable elements such as transposons and integrons and their profound influence on E. coli antimicrobial resistance are the focus of this review.展开更多
Gray mold causes considerable economic losses of fruit and vegetable production. The current study on Egyptian population structure of Botrytis cinerea demonstrates that this species is composed of four TE genotypes: ...Gray mold causes considerable economic losses of fruit and vegetable production. The current study on Egyptian population structure of Botrytis cinerea demonstrates that this species is composed of four TE genotypes: transposa, vacuma, boty and flipper types using transposable elements and sensitivity to the hydroxyanilide fungicide, fenhexamid. The results show that transposa is the predominant isolate type (63.6%) in the sampled populations of B. cinerea. However, the four isolate types are fenhexamid-sensitive regardless of location, host plant and plant organ. Additionally, B. cinerea isolates collected from different host plants do not exhibit any host preference using artificial infection test on lettuce. Furthermore, no relation is found between isolate type and aggressiveness and no divergence event has occurred among the isolates collected from different locations and host plants. The results suggest that host specialization of B. cinerea has not been occurred in the current sampled crops.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC) constitutes a major publichealth problem as the third most commonly diagnosed and third most lethal malignancy worldwide. The prevalence and the physical accessibility to colorectal tumors have ...Colorectal cancer(CRC) constitutes a major publichealth problem as the third most commonly diagnosed and third most lethal malignancy worldwide. The prevalence and the physical accessibility to colorectal tumors have made CRC an ideal model for the study of tumor genetics. Early research efforts using patient derived CRC samples led to the discovery of several highly penetrant mutations(e.g., APC, KRAS, MMR genes) in both hereditary and sporadic CRC tumors. This knowledge has enabled researchers to develop genetically engineered and chemically induced tumor models of CRC, both of which have had a substantial impact on our understanding of the molecular basis of CRC. Despite these advances, the morbidity and mortality of CRC remains a cause for concern and highlight the need to uncover novel genetic drivers of CRC. This review focuses on mouse models of CRC with particular emphasis on a newly developed cancer gene discovery tool, the Sleeping Beauty transposon-based mutagenesis model of CRC.展开更多
Palaeognathae includes ratite and tinamou species that are important for understanding early avian evolution.Here,we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of 15 paleognathous species to infer their demographic histories...Palaeognathae includes ratite and tinamou species that are important for understanding early avian evolution.Here,we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of 15 paleognathous species to infer their demographic histories,which are presently unknown.We found that most species showed a reduction of population size since the beginning of the last glacial period,except for those species distributed in Australasia and in the far south of South America.Different degrees of contraction and expansion of transposable elements(TE)have shaped the paleognathous genome architecture,with a higher transposon removal rate in tinamous than in ratites.One repeat family,AviRTE,likely underwent horizontal transfer from tropical parasites to the ancestor of little and undulated tinamous about 30 million years ago.Our analysis of gene families identified rapid turnover of immune and reproductionrelated genes but found no evidence of gene family changes underlying the convergent evolution of flightlessness among ratites.We also found that mitochondrial genes have experienced a faster evolutionary rate in tinamous than in ratites,with the former also showing more degenerated W chromosomes.This result can be explained by the Hill-Robertson interference affecting genetically linked W chromosomes and mitochondria.Overall,we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the Palaeognathae populations,genes,and TEs.Our findings of co-evolution between mitochondria and W chromosomes highlight the key difference in genome evolution between species with ZW sex chromosomes and those with XY sex chromosomes.展开更多
A review is presented for give information and highlights the advantage of ISTR as molecular marker which with the genome changes after manipulation or breeding intervention can be detected.
Arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue virus afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social burdens.Control of such pathogens is mainly performed by vector management and treatmen...Arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue virus afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social burdens.Control of such pathogens is mainly performed by vector management and treatment of affected individuals with drugs.The failure of these conventional approaches due to emergence of insecticide-resistant insects and drug-resistant parasites demonstrate the need of novel and efficacious control strategies to combat these diseases.Genetic modification(GM) of mosquito vectors to impair their ability to be infected and transmit pathogens has emerged as a new strategy to reduce transmission of many vector-borne diseases and deliver public health gains.Several advances in developing transgenic mosquitoes unable to transmit pathogens have gained support,some of them attempt to manipulate the naturally occurring endogenous refractory mechanisms,while others initiate the identification of an exogenous foreign gene which disrupt the pathogen development in insect vectors. Heterologous expression of transgenes under a native or heterologous promoter is important for the screening and effecting of the transgenic mosquitoes.The effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this transgenic approach.This review examines these two aspects and describes the basic research work that has been accomplished towards understanding the complex relation between the parasite and its vector and focuses on recent advances and perspectives towards construction of transgenic mosquitoes refractory to vector-borne disease transmission.展开更多
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this ...Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered species.Despite the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes.Although this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms.At the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians.In this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research.展开更多
The discovery and utilization of RNA-guided surveillance complexes,such as CRISPR-Cas9,for sequencespecific DNA or RNA cleavage,has revolutionised the process of gene modification or knockdown.To optimise the use of t...The discovery and utilization of RNA-guided surveillance complexes,such as CRISPR-Cas9,for sequencespecific DNA or RNA cleavage,has revolutionised the process of gene modification or knockdown.To optimise the use of this technology,an exploratory race has ensued to discover or develop new RNA-guided endonucleases with the most flexible sequence targeting requirements,coupled with high cleavage efficacy and specificity.Here we review the constraints of existing gene editing and assess the merits of exploiting the diversity of CRISPR-Cas effectors as a methodology for surmounting these limitations.展开更多
文摘This paper is devoted to the study of a translation plane π(C) associated with a t-spread set C and its transposed t-spread set C t. In this paper, an explicit matrix form of the inverse of an isomorphism from a translation plane into another translation plane associated with t-spread sets is derived and proved that two translation planes associated with t-spread sets are isomorphic if and only if their corresponding transposed translation planes are isomorphic. Further, it is shown that the transpose of a flag-transitive plane is flag-transitive and derived a necessary and sufficient condition for a translation plane π(C) to be isomorphic to its transposed translation plane.
基金support from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2103704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22222808,21978200)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘High-energy-density fuels are important for volume-limited aerospace vehicles,but the increase in fuel energy density always leads to poor cryogenic performance.Herein,we investigated the transposed Patern-o-Büchi reaction of biomass cyclic ketone and cyclic alkene to synthesize a new kind of alkyl-substituted polycyclic hydrocarbon fuel with high energy density and good cryogenic performance.The triplet-energy-quenching results and phosphorescent emission spectra reveal the sensitization mechanism of the reaction,including photosensitizer excitation,triplettriplet energy transfer,cyclization,and relaxation,and the possible reaction path was revealed by the density functional theory(DFT)calculations.The reaction conditions of photosensitizer type and addition,molar ratio of substrates,reaction temperature,and incident light intensity were optimized,with the target product yield achieving 65.5%.Moreover,the reaction dynamics of the reaction rate versus the light intensity are established.After the hydrogenation-deoxygenation reaction,three fuels with a high density of 0.864e0.938 g·ml^(-1) and a low freezing point of<-55℃ are obtained.This work provides a benign and effective approach to synthesize high-performance fuels.
文摘In this paper, an improved Fast-R-CNN nuclear power cold source disaster biological image recognition algorithm is proposed to improve the safety operation of nuclear power plants. Firstly, the image data sets of the disaster-causing creatures hairy shrimp and jellyfish were established. Then, in order to solve the problems of low recognition accuracy and unrecognizable small entities in disaster biometrics, Gamma correction algorithm was used to optimize the image of the data set, improve the image quality and reduce the noise interference. Transposed convolution is introduced into the convolution layer to increase the recognition accuracy of small targets. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of this algorithm is 6.75%, 7.5%, 9.8% and 9.03% higher than that of ResNet-50, MobileNetv1, GoogleNet and VGG16, respectively. The actual test results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is obviously better than other algorithms, and the recognition efficiency is higher, which basically meets the preset requirements of this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160781)。
文摘Regulatory sequences and transposable elements(TEs)account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences of species;however,their roles in gene transcription,especially tissue-specific expression,remain largely unknown.Pigs serve as an excellent animal model for studying genomic sequence biology due to the extensive diversity among their wild and domesticated populations.Here,we conducted an integrated analysis using H3K27ac ChIP-seq,H3K4me3 ChIP-seq,and RNA-seq data from 10 different tissues of seven fetuses and eight closely related adult pigs.We aimed to annotate the regulatory elements and TEs to elucidate their associations with histone modifications and mRNA expression across different tissues and developmental stages.Based on correlation analysis between mRNA expression and H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peak activity,results indicated that H3K27ac exhibited stronger associations with gene expression than H3K4me3.Furthermore,1.45%of TEs overlapped with either the H3K27ac or H3K4me3 peaks,with the majority displaying tissue-specific activity.Notably,a TE subfamily(LTR4C_SS),containing binding motifs for SIX1 and SIX4,showed specific enrichment in the H3K27ac peaks of the adult and fetal ovaries.RNA-seq analysis also revealed widespread expression of TEs in the exons or promoters of genes,including 4688 TE-containing transcripts with distinct development stage-specific and tissue-specific expression.Of note,1967 TE-containing transcripts were enriched in the testes.We identified a long terminal repeat(LTR),MLT1F1,acting as a testis-specific alternative promoter in SRPK2(a cell cycle-related protein kinase)in our pig dataset.This element was also conserved in humans and mice,suggesting either an ancient integration of TEs in genes specifically expressed in the testes or parallel evolutionary patterns.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that TEs are deeply embedded in the genome and exhibit important tissue-specific biological functions,particularly in the reproductive organs.
文摘The process of turning forest area into land is known as deforestation or forest degradation. Reforestation as a fraction of deforestation is extremely low. For improved qualitative and quantitative classification, we used Sentinel-1 dataset of State of Para, Brazil to precisely and closely monitor deforestation between June 2019 and June 2023. This research aimed to find out suitable model for classification called Satellite Imaging analysis by Transpose deep neural transformation network (SIT-net) using mathematical model based on Band math approach to classify deforestation applying transpose deep neural network. The main advantage of proposed model is easy to handle SAR images. The study concludes that SAR satellite gives high-resolution images to improve deforestation monitoring and proposed model takes less computational time compared to other techniques.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0704200)the Jialin Xie fund(Grant No.E2546KU2)。
文摘A compact High Temperature Superconductor(HTS)cable that can carry large current is crucial for developing high field superconducting accelerator magnets.Herein,we are reporting a high current and low AC loss REBCO cable that adopts the Roebel structure,but it is implemented by in‐plane bending stacked REBCO tapes directly to realize the transposition,instead of by punching REBCO tapes to the desired shape.The cable maximizes the utilization of the original REBCO tapes,so that the material cost is significantly reduced comparing with the present“Roebel”REBCO cable.Recently,a prototype cable has been successfully fabricated.The critical current of each REBCO tape after cabling shows no degradation,and the cable’s measured critical current is 1939.8 A at 77 K and self‐field,which is very close to the predicted critical current by simulation.Calculations also show that the AC loss of the cable is lower compared with that of a simple REBCO stack with the same cross‐section and current‐carrying capacity.In this paper,we first introduce the fabrication process of the cable.What follows is the measurement of the in‐plane bending performance of REBCO tapes.Then,we present the design and fabrication of the prototype cable together with current‐carrying performance tests.Finally,the AC loss calculation and analysis of the cable are reported.
文摘Although accurate coding of letter or character identities and positions is very important for word recognition,it is well established that transposed-letter(TL)words or transposedcharacter(TC)words do not influence word processing.However,most previous studies mainly examined TL words presented horizontally from left to right and considered less whether the same effect would occur with unusual text orientations.This paper examines the issue of whether unfamiliar text orientations would affect TL word processing when words are presented vertically from top to bottom or bottom to top,horizontally from right to left,or extremely rotated by 90°or 180°.Moreover,this paper also looks at the issue of whether readers’previous language backgrounds(monolingual vs.bilingual)and language-specific text orientations(single reading direction vs.multiple text orientations)influence TL word processing in unfamiliar circumstances.Based on the most recent evidence,this paper is in favor of the abstract letter units account which proposes that the basis of orthographic coding in skilled readers is abstract representations.Furthermore,a reconsideration from a perspective of Saussure’s conceptions of the signified and the signifier is developed.In the end,two main directions of future research are suggested:first,to the realm of bilingual TL study,with the aim to specify the key reasons why bilinguals demonstrate mixed results under unfamiliar text orientations and second,to the realm of sentence reading,in order to specify how orthographic information can be processed across longer text units other than words.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000601).
文摘Background:A comprehensive landscape of chromatin states for multiple mammalian tissues is essential for elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying regulatory variants on complex traits.However,the genome-wide chromatin accessibility has been only reported in limited tissue types in pigs.Results:Here we report a genome-wide landscape of chromatin accessibility of 20 tissues in two female pigs at ages of 6 months using ATAC-seq,and identified 557,273 merged peaks,which greatly expanded the pig regulatory ele-ment repository.We revealed tissue-specific regulatory elements which were associated with tissue-relevant biologi-cal functions.We identified both positive and negative significant correlations between the regulatory elements and gene transcripts,which showed distinct distributions in terms of their strength and distances from corresponding genes.We investigated the presence of transposable elements(TEs)in open chromatin regions across all tissues,these included identifications of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)exhibiting high accessibility in liver and homology of porcine specific virus sequences to universally accessible transposable elements.Furthermore,we prior-itized a potential causal variant for polyunsaturated fatty acid in the muscle.Conclusions:Our data provides a novel multi-tissues accessible chromatin landscape that serve as an important resource for interpreting regulatory sequences in tissue-specific and conserved biological functions,as well as regula-tory variants of loci associated with complex traits in pigs.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1805232,31770156,and 32172365)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690637)。
文摘The fine-tuned expression dynamics of the effector genes are pivotal for the transition from vegetative growth to host colonization of pathogenic filamentous fungi.However,mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of these genes remain largely unknown.Here,through comparative transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing(ChIP-seq)analyses of the methyltransferase PoKmt6 in rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae(syn.Magnaporthe oryzae),we found that PoKmt6-mediated H3K27me3 deposition was enriched mainly at fast-evolving regions and contributed to the silencing of a subset of secreted proteins(SP)and transposable element(TE)families during the vegetative growth of P.oryzae.Intriguingly,we observed that a group of SP genes,which were depleted of H3K27me3 modification,could also be silenced via the H3K27me3-mediated repression of the nearby TEs.In conclusion,our results indicate that H3K27me3 modification mediated by PoKmt6 regulates the expression of some SP genes in fast-evolving regions through the suppression of nearby TEs.
文摘AIM:To analyze the clinical efficacy of the partial rectus muscle transportation(PRT)procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy.METHODS:In total,28 patients(31 eyes)who underwent the PRT procedure for paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy were retrospectively examined.The following data were collected pre-and postoperatively:angle of deviation in the primary position,presence of diplopia in the primary position,presence of compensatory head posture,and motility of the affected eye.The follow-up period was 6 mo.RESULTS:Based on the preoperative and intraoperative findings,different operations were performed:2 eyes were treated with PRT,26 eyes were treated with PRT combined with the recession of the antagonist muscle(Am)of the paralytic rectus muscle,and 3 eyes were treated with PRT along with the recession of the Am and the yoke muscle(Ym).On the first day after the operation,24 patients were found to be orthophoric in the primary position,without diplopia or abnormal head posture.Moreover,2 patients with monocular lateral rectus muscle palsy had mild overcorrection to 5 prism diopters(PD)and 8 PD,respectively,whereas 2 patients with binocular lateral rectus muscle palsy had mild undercorrection to 8 PD and 10 PD,respectively.During the 6-month follow-up period,the mean deviation was rectified from 96.79±41.21 PD to 0.64±2.38 PD(t=12.48,P<0.001),whereas the deviations in the 2 patients with mild overcorrection were corrected to orthotropia.The mean preoperative limitation of motility improved from-4.55±0.51 to-2.65±0.61(t=-15.13,P<0.001)after 6 mo postoperatively.CONCLUSION:PRT is an effective treatment for complete paralytic strabismus due to single rectus muscle palsy,and can achieve stable clinical efficacy.
文摘Transposable elements are capable of switching their positions on the genome thereby causing gene arrangements and contributing to genome evolution. The aim of this review is to specifically discuss the role of transposable elements in transferring antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli, thus contributing to increase in virulence and conferring the possibility of multidrug resistance. Different types of transposable elements such as transposons and integrons and their profound influence on E. coli antimicrobial resistance are the focus of this review.
文摘Gray mold causes considerable economic losses of fruit and vegetable production. The current study on Egyptian population structure of Botrytis cinerea demonstrates that this species is composed of four TE genotypes: transposa, vacuma, boty and flipper types using transposable elements and sensitivity to the hydroxyanilide fungicide, fenhexamid. The results show that transposa is the predominant isolate type (63.6%) in the sampled populations of B. cinerea. However, the four isolate types are fenhexamid-sensitive regardless of location, host plant and plant organ. Additionally, B. cinerea isolates collected from different host plants do not exhibit any host preference using artificial infection test on lettuce. Furthermore, no relation is found between isolate type and aggressiveness and no divergence event has occurred among the isolates collected from different locations and host plants. The results suggest that host specialization of B. cinerea has not been occurred in the current sampled crops.
基金Supported by 3M Science and Technology Fellowship Award(to Clark CR)National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of HealthNo.5R00CA151672-03(to Star TK)
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) constitutes a major publichealth problem as the third most commonly diagnosed and third most lethal malignancy worldwide. The prevalence and the physical accessibility to colorectal tumors have made CRC an ideal model for the study of tumor genetics. Early research efforts using patient derived CRC samples led to the discovery of several highly penetrant mutations(e.g., APC, KRAS, MMR genes) in both hereditary and sporadic CRC tumors. This knowledge has enabled researchers to develop genetically engineered and chemically induced tumor models of CRC, both of which have had a substantial impact on our understanding of the molecular basis of CRC. Despite these advances, the morbidity and mortality of CRC remains a cause for concern and highlight the need to uncover novel genetic drivers of CRC. This review focuses on mouse models of CRC with particular emphasis on a newly developed cancer gene discovery tool, the Sleeping Beauty transposon-based mutagenesis model of CRC.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671319,31722050,32061130208)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD19C190001)+5 种基金European Research Council Starting Grant(grant agreement 677696)to Q.Z.the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31020000,XDB13000000)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(152453KYSB20170002)Carlsberg Foundation(CF16-0663)Villum Foundation(25900)to G.J.ZWe thank China National Genebank at BGI for contributing to the sequencing.We would like to thank Christopher C.Witt,Mariel L.Campbell and Ariel M.Gaffney from the Museum of Southwestern Biology,Gary Graves from Smithsonian Institute,Robb T.Brumfield and Donna L.Dittman from Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science,Jack Withrow and Andy Kratter from Florida Museum of Natural History,University of New Mexico for providing bird DNA samples for this work.
文摘Palaeognathae includes ratite and tinamou species that are important for understanding early avian evolution.Here,we analyzed the whole-genome sequences of 15 paleognathous species to infer their demographic histories,which are presently unknown.We found that most species showed a reduction of population size since the beginning of the last glacial period,except for those species distributed in Australasia and in the far south of South America.Different degrees of contraction and expansion of transposable elements(TE)have shaped the paleognathous genome architecture,with a higher transposon removal rate in tinamous than in ratites.One repeat family,AviRTE,likely underwent horizontal transfer from tropical parasites to the ancestor of little and undulated tinamous about 30 million years ago.Our analysis of gene families identified rapid turnover of immune and reproductionrelated genes but found no evidence of gene family changes underlying the convergent evolution of flightlessness among ratites.We also found that mitochondrial genes have experienced a faster evolutionary rate in tinamous than in ratites,with the former also showing more degenerated W chromosomes.This result can be explained by the Hill-Robertson interference affecting genetically linked W chromosomes and mitochondria.Overall,we reconstructed the evolutionary history of the Palaeognathae populations,genes,and TEs.Our findings of co-evolution between mitochondria and W chromosomes highlight the key difference in genome evolution between species with ZW sex chromosomes and those with XY sex chromosomes.
文摘A review is presented for give information and highlights the advantage of ISTR as molecular marker which with the genome changes after manipulation or breeding intervention can be detected.
基金supported by grants to XG Chen from the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771871 and U0832004)Guangdong Province University and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2009)
文摘Arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue virus afflict billions of people worldwide imposing major economic and social burdens.Control of such pathogens is mainly performed by vector management and treatment of affected individuals with drugs.The failure of these conventional approaches due to emergence of insecticide-resistant insects and drug-resistant parasites demonstrate the need of novel and efficacious control strategies to combat these diseases.Genetic modification(GM) of mosquito vectors to impair their ability to be infected and transmit pathogens has emerged as a new strategy to reduce transmission of many vector-borne diseases and deliver public health gains.Several advances in developing transgenic mosquitoes unable to transmit pathogens have gained support,some of them attempt to manipulate the naturally occurring endogenous refractory mechanisms,while others initiate the identification of an exogenous foreign gene which disrupt the pathogen development in insect vectors. Heterologous expression of transgenes under a native or heterologous promoter is important for the screening and effecting of the transgenic mosquitoes.The effect of the transgene on mosquito fitness is a crucial parameter influencing the success of this transgenic approach.This review examines these two aspects and describes the basic research work that has been accomplished towards understanding the complex relation between the parasite and its vector and focuses on recent advances and perspectives towards construction of transgenic mosquitoes refractory to vector-borne disease transmission.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671326,31871275)the Highlevel Talent Introduction Program of Yunnan University to Y.B.S。
文摘Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology.The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue,as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology,including molecular adaptation,speciation,and even conservation of endangered species.Despite the well-recognized advantages,usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups,partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes.Although this is particularly the case for amphibians,nonetheless,several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape,giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms.At the same time,these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians.In this review,we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data,and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era,as well as directions for future research.
基金the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia(Grant No.APP1143008)the Australian Research Council(Grant No.DP180101494)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81772214).
文摘The discovery and utilization of RNA-guided surveillance complexes,such as CRISPR-Cas9,for sequencespecific DNA or RNA cleavage,has revolutionised the process of gene modification or knockdown.To optimise the use of this technology,an exploratory race has ensued to discover or develop new RNA-guided endonucleases with the most flexible sequence targeting requirements,coupled with high cleavage efficacy and specificity.Here we review the constraints of existing gene editing and assess the merits of exploiting the diversity of CRISPR-Cas effectors as a methodology for surmounting these limitations.
