Background: Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS], a common antimicrobial additive in many personal care and health care products, is frequently detected in human blood and urine. Therefore, it has ...Background: Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS], a common antimicrobial additive in many personal care and health care products, is frequently detected in human blood and urine. Therefore, it has been considered an emerging and potentially toxic pollutant in recent years. Long-term exposure to TCS has been suggested to exert endocrine disruption effects, and promote liver fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed at clarifying the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity effect of TCS at the initiation stage.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to different dosages of TCS for 2 weeks and the organ toxicity was evaluated by various measurements including complete blood count, histological analysis and TCS quantification. Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) was then carried out on TCS-or mock-treated mice livers to delineate the TCS-induced hepatotoxicity. The acquired single-cell transcriptomic data were analyzed from different aspects including differential gene expression, transcription factor(TF) regulatory network, pseudotime trajectory, and cellular communication, to systematically dissect the cellular and molecular events after TCS exposure. To verify the TCS-induced liver fibrosis,the expression levels of key fibrogenic proteins were examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, Masson’s trichrome and Sirius red stainings. In addition, normal hepatocyte cell MIHA and hepatic stellate cell LX-2 were used as in vitro cell models to experimentally validate the effects of TCS by immunological, proteomic and metabolomic technologies.Results: We established a relatively short term TCS exposure murine model and found the TCS mainly accumulated in the liver. The scRNA-seq performed on the livers of the TCS-treated and control groups profiled the gene expressions of > 76,000 cells belonging to 13 major cell types. Among these types, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were significantly increased in TCS-treated group. We found that TCS promoted fibrosis-associated proliferation of hepatocytes, in which Gata2 and Mef2c are the key driving TFs. Our data also suggested that TCS induced the proliferation and activation of HSCs, which was experimentally verified in both liver tissue and cell model. In addition,other changes including the dysfunction and capillarization of endothelial cells, an increase of fibrotic characteristics in B plasma cells, and M2 phenotype-skewing of macrophage cells, were also deduced from the scRNA-seq analysis, and these changes are likely to contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis. Lastly, the key differential ligand-receptor pairs involved in cellular communications were identified and we confirmed the role of GAS6_AXL interactionmediated cellular communication in promoting liver fibrosis.Conclusions: TCS modulates the cellular activities and fates of several specific cell types(including hepatocytes, HSCs,endothelial cells, B cells, Kupffer cells and liver capsular macrophages) in the liver, and regulates the ligand-receptor interactions between these cells, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of HSCs, leading to liver fibrosis.Overall, we provide the first comprehensive single-cell atlas of mice livers in response to TCS and delineate the key cellular and molecular processes involved in TCS-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Triclosan-coated vicryl plus suture(Ethicon, Inc.) was developed to reduce microbial colonisation during surgical procedures. However, its effect on wound healing and surgical site infections remain unclear...BACKGROUND Triclosan-coated vicryl plus suture(Ethicon, Inc.) was developed to reduce microbial colonisation during surgical procedures. However, its effect on wound healing and surgical site infections remain unclear after hip and knee arthroplasty surgery.AIM To determine the effect of triclosan-coated sutures(TCS) vs non-coated sutures on wound healing, following primary hip and knee arthroplasties.METHODS A single-centred, double-blind randomised controlled trial(RCT) was undertaken. We randomly allocated patients to receive either the triclosan-coated sutures(TCS vicryl plus) or non-coated sutures(NCS vicryl) during the closure of unilateral primary hip and knee arthroplasties. We utilised the ASEPSIS wound scoring system to evaluate wound healing for the first 6 weeks post-operatively.RESULTS One hundred and fifty patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty over a one-year period were included. Eighty-one were randomised to the TCS group and 69 to the NCS group. Despite no statistically significant difference in the ASEPSIS scores among the study groups(P = 0.75), sensitivity analysis using the Mann Whitney test(P = 0.036) as well as assessment of the wound complications at 6 weeks follow up, demonstrated significantly higher wound complication rates in the TCS group(8 vs 1, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION No clear advantage was demonstrated for using the TCS. However, larger multicentred RCTs are required to validate their use in hip and knee arthroplasty surgery.展开更多
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent,chronic,non-specific,and immunologically devastating disease of periodontal tissues,caused by microbial infection.This study aims to examine the efficacy and protective mechanism of...Periodontitis is a highly prevalent,chronic,non-specific,and immunologically devastating disease of periodontal tissues,caused by microbial infection.This study aims to examine the efficacy and protective mechanism of triclosan(TCS),a bisphenolic,non-cationic component of oral care products,against periodontal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis(LPS-PG).TCS markedly downregulated interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and IL-15 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPDLFs)treated with LPS-PG.By using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)approach,318 differentially expressed proteins(161 upregulated and 157 downregulated)were identified in TCS-pretreated HPDLFs.TCS upregulated HSPA5 and HSP90B1 but downregulated HSPA2.Besides,TCS upregulated miR-548i in HPDLFs,which downregulated IL-15.These results indicate that TCS attenuates the activation of HPDLFs and downregulates the inflammatory cytokines through various mechanisms,thus highlighting its protective role in periodontal inflammation.展开更多
This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dio...This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.展开更多
Aim: Oral malodor (halitosis) is a widespread condition caused by oral bacteria, particularly sulfur compound-producing species. This study assessed the effect of a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice and a nove...Aim: Oral malodor (halitosis) is a widespread condition caused by oral bacteria, particularly sulfur compound-producing species. This study assessed the effect of a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice and a novel toothbrush with attached tongue cleaner on oral malodor and on the bacteria colonizing the dorsal surface of the tongue. Materials and Methods: 14 adult subjects with oral malodor defined as organoleptic scores ≥ 3 (scale 0 - 5) and mouth air sulfur levels ≥ 250 ppb participated in this study. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 28 days use of the triclosan dentifrice and toothbrush/tongue cleaner for: 1) organoleptic assessment;2) mouth air sulfur levels;3) tongue coating;and, 4) dorsal tongue surface microorganisms. Total bacterial numbers were assayed by microscopy. Dot-blot hybridization was used to assess a panel of 20 oral bacteria. Results: After 28 days, all subjects had significantly reduced organoleptic scores and mouth air sulfur levels compared to baseline (p 70% reduction in microbial numbers (p Enterococcus faecalis (p Peptostreptococcus micros (p Prevotella melaninogenica (p Porphyromonas gingivalis (p Solobacterium moorei展开更多
Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization ...Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS)has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently,it is widely used in various personal care products;however,its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention.Here,we ...Triclosan(TCS)has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently,it is widely used in various personal care products;however,its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention.Here,we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS.We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis.Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%,23%and 29%upon oral TCS treatment for4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively.Accompanied by hepatic iron variation,splenic and duodenal iron are increased,which indicates systemic iron disorder.Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver,abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde,prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis.Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%,10%,4%in serum and 2.4-,4.8-,and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4,8 and 12 weeks,individually.Taken together,the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis.Meanwhile,both hepatic iron overload(systemic level)and hepatocyte ferroptosis(cellular level)are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis.Ferriprox■,an iron scavenger,significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis.In summary,this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis;a critical signal pathway is also displayed.The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the“pros and cons”of TCS applications.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS)is a ubiquitous antimicrobial used in daily consumer products.Previous reports have shown that TCS could induce hepatotoxicity,endocrine disruption,disturbance on immune function and impaired thyroid fun...Triclosan(TCS)is a ubiquitous antimicrobial used in daily consumer products.Previous reports have shown that TCS could induce hepatotoxicity,endocrine disruption,disturbance on immune function and impaired thyroid function.Kidney is critical in the elimination of toxins,while the effects of TCS on kidney have not yet been well-characterized.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TCS exposure on kidney function and the possible underlying mechanisms in mice.Male C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to TCS with the doses of 10 and 100 mg/(kg•day)for 13 weeks.TCS was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and diluted by corn oil for exposure.Corn oil containing DMSO was used as vehicle control.Serum and kidney tissues were collected for study.Biomarkers associated with kidney function,oxidative stress,inflammation and fibrosis were assessed.Our results showed that TCS could cause renal injury as was revealed by increased levels of renal function markers including serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid,as well as increased oxidative stress,pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroticmarkers in a dose dependent manner,whichweremore significantly in 100 mg/(kg•day)group.Mass spectrometry-based analysis of metabolites relatedwith lipid metabolism demonstrated the occurrence of lipid accumulation and defective fatty acid oxidation in 100 mg/(kg•day)TCS-exposed mouse kidney.These processes might lead to lipotoxicity and energy depletion,thus resulting in kidney fibrosis and functional decline.Taken together,the present study demonstrated that TCS could induce lipid accumulation and fatty acid metabolism disturbance in mouse kidney,whichmight contribute to renal function impairment.The present study further widens our insights into the adverse effects of TCS.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS)is commonly found in wastewater treatment plants,which often affects biological treatment processes.The responses of nitrification,antibiotic resistome and microbial community under different TCS concent...Triclosan(TCS)is commonly found in wastewater treatment plants,which often affects biological treatment processes.The responses of nitrification,antibiotic resistome and microbial community under different TCS concentrations in activated sludge system were evaluated in this study.The experiment was conducted in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)for 240 days.Quantitative PCR results demonstrated that the abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria could be temporarily inhibited by 1 mg/L TCS and then gradually recovered.And the abundances of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)under 2.5 and 4 mg/L TCS were three orders of magnitude lower than that of seed sludge,which accounted for partial nitrification.When the addition of TCS was stopped,the abundance of NOB increased.The mass balance experiments of TCS demonstrated that the primary removal pathway of TCS changed from adsorption to biodegradation as TCS was continuously added into the SBR system.Moreover,TCS increased the abundance of mexB,indicating the efflux pump might be the main TCS-resistance mechanism.As a response to TCS,bacteria could secrete more protein(PN)than polysaccharide.Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix revealed that tryptophan PN-like substances might be the main component in PN to resist TCS.High-throughput sequencing found that the relative abundances of Paracoccus,Pseudoxanthomonas and Thauera increased,which could secrete extracellular polymeric substances(EPS).And Sphingopyxis might be the main TCS-degrading bacteria.Overall,TCS could cause partial nitrification and increase the relative abundances of EPS-secreting bacteria and TCS-degrading bacteria.展开更多
Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induc...Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induced mitochondrial uncoupling, so we aim to investigate the effects of triclosan on vascular function of rat mesenteric arteries and aorta. The isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was recorded by multi-wire myograph system. The cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of smooth muscle cells(A10 cells) were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Triclosan treatment relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-and high K^(+)(KPSS)-induced constriction, and pre-treatment with triclosan inhibited PE-and KPSS-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In rat thoracic aorta, triclosan also relaxed PE-and KPSS-induced constriction. Triclosan induces vasorelaxation without involving KATPchannel activation in smooth muscle cells of arteries.Triclosan treatment increased cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial ROS production and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential in A10 cells. In conclusion, triclosan induces mitochondrial uncoupling in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the constricted rat mesenteric arteries and aorta of rats. The present results suggest that triclosan would indicate vasodilation effect if absorbed excessively in vivo.展开更多
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to ...Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.展开更多
Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still ve...Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still very scarce.In the present study,the occurrence,seasonal variation,and estimated removal of TCS and TCC in six different wastewater treatment plants in Gauteng Province,South Africa,were investigated over a period of two years,together with effluent receiving river water.The instrumental analysis was carried out using Shimadzu LCMS/MS 8030,employing negative electrospray ionization.Both target compounds were ubiquitously detected with influent and raw sludge having elevated concentrations.Generally,TCS concentrations were higher than those of TCC.The concentrations obtained for TCS were(influent,2.01e17.6 mg/L;effluent,0.990e13.0 mg/L;river,0.880e8.72 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e15.0 mg/kg;treated sludge,2.08e7.81 mg/kg and biosolids,2.16e13.5 mg/kg);while TCC levels were obtained to be(influent,0.0860e2.84 mg/L;effluent,<LOD-1.89 mg/L;river,nd-0.360 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e11.8 mg/kg;treated sludge,1.21e9.19 mg/kg;biosolids,2.59e8.23 mg/kg).Occurrence of TCS in wastewater was found to be influenced by temporal changes.This was not the case for occurrence of TCS and TCC in sludge samples.Similar to their environmental occurrence,the estimated treatment efficiencies also varied across the wastewater treatments plants,with the highest elimination rates of 63%and 97%for TCS and TCC,respectively.展开更多
Triclosan(TCS)is an endocrine disrupting chemical which is commonly used as a disinfectant in pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCP's).Since early 2020,the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has increased th...Triclosan(TCS)is an endocrine disrupting chemical which is commonly used as a disinfectant in pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCP's).Since early 2020,the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has increased the use of PPCP's,so the occurrence and impact of TCS on freshwater lakes should be considered.However,little attention has been given to the effect of TCS on freshwater lakes in China.This study is the first attempt at a risk assessment focusing on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in the middle Yangtze River basin.The surface water and sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake(Wuhan,Central China)were collected from October 2020 to August 2021.The maximum concentrations of TCS were 466 ng/L and 239 ng/L in surface water,71 ng/g and 25 ng/g(dry weight)in sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake,respectively.Significant temporal and spatial differences of TCS were observed within and between the lakes,with the highest concentrations measured in winter.Furthermore,higher concentrations of TCS were observed in areas that are more impacted by human activities.There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and nitrogen in the surface water.A risk assessment using the risk quotient(RQ)method showed that a potentially high risk(RQ>1)was found only in surface waters from Donghu Lake,and that the sediments posed a lower risk than the surface waters.These results provide timely data on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in China following the outbreak of COVID-19 and demonstrate a possible high risk of exposure to TCS for aquatic biota.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0908000 and 2022YFC2303600)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-C-202002)+12 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82141001,82274182,82173914,82074098,81903588 and 82003814)the Science and Technology Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20210324115800001)the Science and Technology Foundation of Shenzhen(Shenzhen Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZXKT18003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes(ZZ14-YQ-050)the National Key R&D Program of China Key projects for international cooperation on science,technology and innovation(2020YFE0205100)the Shenzhen Governmental Sustainable Development Fund(KCXFZ20201221173612034)the Shenzhen Governmental Sustainable Development Fund(KCXFZ20201221173612034)the Shenzhen key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases(ZDSYS201504301616234)the Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(SZGSP001)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases(ZDSYS201504301616234)the Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties(SZGSP001)partially supported by a Grant from the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201612034).
文摘Background: Triclosan [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol, TCS], a common antimicrobial additive in many personal care and health care products, is frequently detected in human blood and urine. Therefore, it has been considered an emerging and potentially toxic pollutant in recent years. Long-term exposure to TCS has been suggested to exert endocrine disruption effects, and promote liver fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. This study was aimed at clarifying the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity effect of TCS at the initiation stage.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to different dosages of TCS for 2 weeks and the organ toxicity was evaluated by various measurements including complete blood count, histological analysis and TCS quantification. Single cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) was then carried out on TCS-or mock-treated mice livers to delineate the TCS-induced hepatotoxicity. The acquired single-cell transcriptomic data were analyzed from different aspects including differential gene expression, transcription factor(TF) regulatory network, pseudotime trajectory, and cellular communication, to systematically dissect the cellular and molecular events after TCS exposure. To verify the TCS-induced liver fibrosis,the expression levels of key fibrogenic proteins were examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, Masson’s trichrome and Sirius red stainings. In addition, normal hepatocyte cell MIHA and hepatic stellate cell LX-2 were used as in vitro cell models to experimentally validate the effects of TCS by immunological, proteomic and metabolomic technologies.Results: We established a relatively short term TCS exposure murine model and found the TCS mainly accumulated in the liver. The scRNA-seq performed on the livers of the TCS-treated and control groups profiled the gene expressions of > 76,000 cells belonging to 13 major cell types. Among these types, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)were significantly increased in TCS-treated group. We found that TCS promoted fibrosis-associated proliferation of hepatocytes, in which Gata2 and Mef2c are the key driving TFs. Our data also suggested that TCS induced the proliferation and activation of HSCs, which was experimentally verified in both liver tissue and cell model. In addition,other changes including the dysfunction and capillarization of endothelial cells, an increase of fibrotic characteristics in B plasma cells, and M2 phenotype-skewing of macrophage cells, were also deduced from the scRNA-seq analysis, and these changes are likely to contribute to the progression of liver fibrosis. Lastly, the key differential ligand-receptor pairs involved in cellular communications were identified and we confirmed the role of GAS6_AXL interactionmediated cellular communication in promoting liver fibrosis.Conclusions: TCS modulates the cellular activities and fates of several specific cell types(including hepatocytes, HSCs,endothelial cells, B cells, Kupffer cells and liver capsular macrophages) in the liver, and regulates the ligand-receptor interactions between these cells, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of HSCs, leading to liver fibrosis.Overall, we provide the first comprehensive single-cell atlas of mice livers in response to TCS and delineate the key cellular and molecular processes involved in TCS-induced hepatotoxicity and fibrosis.
文摘BACKGROUND Triclosan-coated vicryl plus suture(Ethicon, Inc.) was developed to reduce microbial colonisation during surgical procedures. However, its effect on wound healing and surgical site infections remain unclear after hip and knee arthroplasty surgery.AIM To determine the effect of triclosan-coated sutures(TCS) vs non-coated sutures on wound healing, following primary hip and knee arthroplasties.METHODS A single-centred, double-blind randomised controlled trial(RCT) was undertaken. We randomly allocated patients to receive either the triclosan-coated sutures(TCS vicryl plus) or non-coated sutures(NCS vicryl) during the closure of unilateral primary hip and knee arthroplasties. We utilised the ASEPSIS wound scoring system to evaluate wound healing for the first 6 weeks post-operatively.RESULTS One hundred and fifty patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty over a one-year period were included. Eighty-one were randomised to the TCS group and 69 to the NCS group. Despite no statistically significant difference in the ASEPSIS scores among the study groups(P = 0.75), sensitivity analysis using the Mann Whitney test(P = 0.036) as well as assessment of the wound complications at 6 weeks follow up, demonstrated significantly higher wound complication rates in the TCS group(8 vs 1, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION No clear advantage was demonstrated for using the TCS. However, larger multicentred RCTs are required to validate their use in hip and knee arthroplasty surgery.
基金This work was funded by the innovative development funds of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Y2018CX19).
文摘Periodontitis is a highly prevalent,chronic,non-specific,and immunologically devastating disease of periodontal tissues,caused by microbial infection.This study aims to examine the efficacy and protective mechanism of triclosan(TCS),a bisphenolic,non-cationic component of oral care products,against periodontal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide purified from Porphyromonas gingivalis(LPS-PG).TCS markedly downregulated interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and IL-15 in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts(HPDLFs)treated with LPS-PG.By using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)approach,318 differentially expressed proteins(161 upregulated and 157 downregulated)were identified in TCS-pretreated HPDLFs.TCS upregulated HSPA5 and HSP90B1 but downregulated HSPA2.Besides,TCS upregulated miR-548i in HPDLFs,which downregulated IL-15.These results indicate that TCS attenuates the activation of HPDLFs and downregulates the inflammatory cytokines through various mechanisms,thus highlighting its protective role in periodontal inflammation.
文摘This paper developed a sensitive and efficient analytical method for triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS) and Methyl-triclosan (MTCS) determination in environmental water, which involves enrichment by using silicon dioxide/polystyrene composite microspheres solid-phase extraction and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS. The influence of several operational parameters, including the eluant and its volume, the flow rate and acidity of water sample were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng/L, 2.5 and 4.5 ng/L for TCC, TCS, and MTCS, respectively. The linearity of the method was observed in the range of 5-2000 ng/L, with correlation coefficients (r2) >.99. The spiked recoveries of TCC, TCS and MTCS in water sampleswereachieved in the range of 89.5% -96.8% with RSD below 5.7%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze real water samples and satisfactory results were achieved.
文摘Aim: Oral malodor (halitosis) is a widespread condition caused by oral bacteria, particularly sulfur compound-producing species. This study assessed the effect of a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice and a novel toothbrush with attached tongue cleaner on oral malodor and on the bacteria colonizing the dorsal surface of the tongue. Materials and Methods: 14 adult subjects with oral malodor defined as organoleptic scores ≥ 3 (scale 0 - 5) and mouth air sulfur levels ≥ 250 ppb participated in this study. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 28 days use of the triclosan dentifrice and toothbrush/tongue cleaner for: 1) organoleptic assessment;2) mouth air sulfur levels;3) tongue coating;and, 4) dorsal tongue surface microorganisms. Total bacterial numbers were assayed by microscopy. Dot-blot hybridization was used to assess a panel of 20 oral bacteria. Results: After 28 days, all subjects had significantly reduced organoleptic scores and mouth air sulfur levels compared to baseline (p 70% reduction in microbial numbers (p Enterococcus faecalis (p Peptostreptococcus micros (p Prevotella melaninogenica (p Porphyromonas gingivalis (p Solobacterium moorei
文摘Purpose: Bacterial biofilm develop on the surfaces of urinary catheter and proceed to cause full blown bacterial infections and sepsis. Urinary catheters, infection rates increase with the duration of catheterization at rates of per day with virtually all of those who undergo long-term catheterization becoming infected. Also antibiotics results in the adaptation and development of resistance leading to treatment failure, prolonged hospitalization, increased costs of care, and increased mortality. Methods: In the present study total 200 used urinary catheters were studied from the different hospitals of Amravati city in 2015-2016. Different bacterial uropathogens were isolated by conventional method and biofilm formation was studied by tissue culture plate (TCP). Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) of triclosan was determined by TCP. Results: Out of total samples 93% are contaminated. Around 59% urinary catheters contain mixed consortia. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be the strong biofilm forming and multidrug resistant organism. The most effective drug over seven bacteria isolates were chloramphenicol. Triclosan was used to test against the strong and moderate biofilm forming isolates the MIC of triclosan ranged between 1.5 and 1000 μg/ml and MBEC was between 800 and 3200 μg/ml Conclusions: From the study it was concluded that female are more prone to be infected with catheter associated infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be deadly caused of infection, as it is highly resistant to antibiotics. Also triclosan showed effective result on the bacterial uropathogens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22166012)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects (No.[2020]1Z007)。
文摘Triclosan(TCS)has been manufactured as an antibacterial compound for half a century.Currently,it is widely used in various personal care products;however,its potential adverse effects raise a lot of attention.Here,we create a long-term oral administration mouse model and identify the corresponding hepatotoxicity of TCS.We discover that daily intragastric administration of 10 mg/kg TCS to mice for 12 weeks results in severe hepatic fibrosis.Further study displays that hepatic iron increased 18%,23%and 29%upon oral TCS treatment for4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively.Accompanied by hepatic iron variation,splenic and duodenal iron are increased,which indicates systemic iron disorder.Not only excessive iron accumulated in the liver,abnormal hepatic malondialdehyde,prostaglandin synthase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 4 are pointed to ferroptosis.Additional study uncovers that hepcidin expression increases 7%,10%,4%in serum and 2.4-,4.8-,and 2.3-fold on transcriptional levels upon TCS exposure for 4,8 and 12 weeks,individually.Taken together,the mice in the TCS-treated group show disordered systemic iron homeostasis via the upregulated hepatic hepcidin-ferroportin axis.Meanwhile,both hepatic iron overload(systemic level)and hepatocyte ferroptosis(cellular level)are accused of TCS-induced liver fibrosis.Ferriprox■,an iron scavenger,significantly ameliorates TCS-induced liver fibrosis.In summary,this study confirms the impact of TCS on liver fibrosis;a critical signal pathway is also displayed.The significance of the current study is to prompt us to reevaluate the“pros and cons”of TCS applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21806135)the General Research Fund (No. 12301518) from Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
文摘Triclosan(TCS)is a ubiquitous antimicrobial used in daily consumer products.Previous reports have shown that TCS could induce hepatotoxicity,endocrine disruption,disturbance on immune function and impaired thyroid function.Kidney is critical in the elimination of toxins,while the effects of TCS on kidney have not yet been well-characterized.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TCS exposure on kidney function and the possible underlying mechanisms in mice.Male C57BL/6 mice were orally exposed to TCS with the doses of 10 and 100 mg/(kg•day)for 13 weeks.TCS was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)and diluted by corn oil for exposure.Corn oil containing DMSO was used as vehicle control.Serum and kidney tissues were collected for study.Biomarkers associated with kidney function,oxidative stress,inflammation and fibrosis were assessed.Our results showed that TCS could cause renal injury as was revealed by increased levels of renal function markers including serum creatinine,urea nitrogen and uric acid,as well as increased oxidative stress,pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroticmarkers in a dose dependent manner,whichweremore significantly in 100 mg/(kg•day)group.Mass spectrometry-based analysis of metabolites relatedwith lipid metabolism demonstrated the occurrence of lipid accumulation and defective fatty acid oxidation in 100 mg/(kg•day)TCS-exposed mouse kidney.These processes might lead to lipotoxicity and energy depletion,thus resulting in kidney fibrosis and functional decline.Taken together,the present study demonstrated that TCS could induce lipid accumulation and fatty acid metabolism disturbance in mouse kidney,whichmight contribute to renal function impairment.The present study further widens our insights into the adverse effects of TCS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51578015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8202006)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX07103-003)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100005518002)。
文摘Triclosan(TCS)is commonly found in wastewater treatment plants,which often affects biological treatment processes.The responses of nitrification,antibiotic resistome and microbial community under different TCS concentrations in activated sludge system were evaluated in this study.The experiment was conducted in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)for 240 days.Quantitative PCR results demonstrated that the abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria could be temporarily inhibited by 1 mg/L TCS and then gradually recovered.And the abundances of nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)under 2.5 and 4 mg/L TCS were three orders of magnitude lower than that of seed sludge,which accounted for partial nitrification.When the addition of TCS was stopped,the abundance of NOB increased.The mass balance experiments of TCS demonstrated that the primary removal pathway of TCS changed from adsorption to biodegradation as TCS was continuously added into the SBR system.Moreover,TCS increased the abundance of mexB,indicating the efflux pump might be the main TCS-resistance mechanism.As a response to TCS,bacteria could secrete more protein(PN)than polysaccharide.Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix revealed that tryptophan PN-like substances might be the main component in PN to resist TCS.High-throughput sequencing found that the relative abundances of Paracoccus,Pseudoxanthomonas and Thauera increased,which could secrete extracellular polymeric substances(EPS).And Sphingopyxis might be the main TCS-degrading bacteria.Overall,TCS could cause partial nitrification and increase the relative abundances of EPS-secreting bacteria and TCS-degrading bacteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81373406 and 81421063)
文摘Our previous studies found that mitochondrial uncouplers induced vasodilation. Triclosan, the broad spectrum antibacterial agent, is the active ingredient in soaps and toothpastes. It was reported that triclosan induced mitochondrial uncoupling, so we aim to investigate the effects of triclosan on vascular function of rat mesenteric arteries and aorta. The isometric tension of rat mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was recorded by multi-wire myograph system. The cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential of smooth muscle cells(A10 cells) were measured using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Triclosan treatment relaxed phenylephrine(PE)-and high K^(+)(KPSS)-induced constriction, and pre-treatment with triclosan inhibited PE-and KPSS-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries. In rat thoracic aorta, triclosan also relaxed PE-and KPSS-induced constriction. Triclosan induces vasorelaxation without involving KATPchannel activation in smooth muscle cells of arteries.Triclosan treatment increased cytosolic [Ca^(2+)]_i, mitochondrial ROS production and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential in A10 cells. In conclusion, triclosan induces mitochondrial uncoupling in vascular smooth muscle cells and relaxes the constricted rat mesenteric arteries and aorta of rats. The present results suggest that triclosan would indicate vasodilation effect if absorbed excessively in vivo.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41371455 & 41101463).
文摘Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used in home and personal care products as antimicrobial agents. After these products are used, TCS and TCC enter the terrestrial environment and pose a great risk to humans and animals. In this research, the biodegradation of TCS and TCC was investigated during sewage sludge composting with ventilation rates of 10& 92, and 79 m^3/min. TCS and TCC were mainly biodegraded in the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, and the biodegradation rates improved with an increase in ventilation. After sewage sludge was composted for 16 days with forced ventilation (108 m^3/min), the concentration of TCS decreased from 497.4 to 214.5 μg/kg, and the concentration of TCC decreased from 823.2 to 172.7 μg/kg. The biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were 65.2% and 83.1%, respectively. However, after the sewage sludge was stacked for 16 days, the biodegradation rates of TCS and TCC were only 17.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The environmental risks of TCS and TCC in the sewage sludge piles significantly decreased after composting. In the sludge pile with a ventilation rate of 108 m/min, the RQ values of TCS and TCC decreased from 8.29 and 20.58 to 3.58 and 4.32 after composting for 16 days, respectively. There is still a high risk if the sludge compost is directly used as a culture substrate. Nevertheless, the environmental risk could be decreased distinctly if a reasonable quantity of sludge compost is applied to land to ensure an RQ of< 1 for TCS and TCC.
基金offered to RF Lehutso by the Department of Science and Technology(South Africa)while undertaking her postgraduate studies(Project grant number:DST/CON 0055/2014).
文摘Triclosan and triclocarban are industrial chemicals that are frequently added into consumer and personal care products.Information on the levels on these compounds in water systems in the African continent is still very scarce.In the present study,the occurrence,seasonal variation,and estimated removal of TCS and TCC in six different wastewater treatment plants in Gauteng Province,South Africa,were investigated over a period of two years,together with effluent receiving river water.The instrumental analysis was carried out using Shimadzu LCMS/MS 8030,employing negative electrospray ionization.Both target compounds were ubiquitously detected with influent and raw sludge having elevated concentrations.Generally,TCS concentrations were higher than those of TCC.The concentrations obtained for TCS were(influent,2.01e17.6 mg/L;effluent,0.990e13.0 mg/L;river,0.880e8.72 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e15.0 mg/kg;treated sludge,2.08e7.81 mg/kg and biosolids,2.16e13.5 mg/kg);while TCC levels were obtained to be(influent,0.0860e2.84 mg/L;effluent,<LOD-1.89 mg/L;river,nd-0.360 mg/L;raw sludge,3.65e11.8 mg/kg;treated sludge,1.21e9.19 mg/kg;biosolids,2.59e8.23 mg/kg).Occurrence of TCS in wastewater was found to be influenced by temporal changes.This was not the case for occurrence of TCS and TCC in sludge samples.Similar to their environmental occurrence,the estimated treatment efficiencies also varied across the wastewater treatments plants,with the highest elimination rates of 63%and 97%for TCS and TCC,respectively.
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2019C03110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51578538).
文摘Triclosan(TCS)is an endocrine disrupting chemical which is commonly used as a disinfectant in pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCP's).Since early 2020,the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has increased the use of PPCP's,so the occurrence and impact of TCS on freshwater lakes should be considered.However,little attention has been given to the effect of TCS on freshwater lakes in China.This study is the first attempt at a risk assessment focusing on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in the middle Yangtze River basin.The surface water and sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake(Wuhan,Central China)were collected from October 2020 to August 2021.The maximum concentrations of TCS were 466 ng/L and 239 ng/L in surface water,71 ng/g and 25 ng/g(dry weight)in sediments of Donghu Lake and Liangzi Lake,respectively.Significant temporal and spatial differences of TCS were observed within and between the lakes,with the highest concentrations measured in winter.Furthermore,higher concentrations of TCS were observed in areas that are more impacted by human activities.There was a significant positive correlation between TCS and nitrogen in the surface water.A risk assessment using the risk quotient(RQ)method showed that a potentially high risk(RQ>1)was found only in surface waters from Donghu Lake,and that the sediments posed a lower risk than the surface waters.These results provide timely data on the temporal and spatial occurrence of TCS in freshwater lakes in China following the outbreak of COVID-19 and demonstrate a possible high risk of exposure to TCS for aquatic biota.
