A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation...A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation level.Low-molecular weight UpGP-0.5 was prepared from UpG through acid hydrolysis for structure characterization.The backbones of UpG are determined to beα-(1,3)-Fuc,α-(1,4)-Gal,α-(1,3)-Gal,andα-(1,6)-Gal by GC-MS,FT-IR,NMR,and LC-MS analyses.Sulfate groups are modified at C2 and/or C4 of fucose and C3 and/or C4 of galactose.UpG could partially lower blood sugar and serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice.Moreover,UpG treatment regulates the abundance of some specific gut microbiota,such as enriching the abundance of Muribaculum and Christensenellaceae,and reducing that of Bilophila,Tannerellaceae,Candidatus Saccharimonas and Anaerotruncus.The findings characterized the detailed structure of a sulfated galactofucan and investigated its potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature （ 10 ...Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature （ 10 ℃ ）. The growth rhythm persisted for 4 d in constant light with a free-running period of 25.6 h. Egg release from filamentous gametophytes pre-cultured in the light - dark regime was evaluated for six consecutive days at fixed time intervals in constant white light and 12 h light per day. Egg release rhythm persisted for 3 d in both regimes, indicating the endogenous nature. Temporal scale of egg release and gametogenesis in 18, 16, 12 and 8 h light per day were evaluated respectively using vegetatively propagated filamentous gametophytes. Egg release occurred 2 h after the onset of dark phase and peaked at midnight. Evaluation of the rates of oogonium formation, egg release or fertilization revealed no significant differences in four light-dark regimes, indicating the great plasticity of sexual reproduction. No photoperiodic effect in gametogenesis in terms of oogonium formation and egg release was found, but fertilization in short days was significantly higher than in long days. Results of this investigation further confirmed the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in intertidal seaweed species.展开更多
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida.The effects of three independent variables,extraction time,extraction temperature and ratio of wa...Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida.The effects of three independent variables,extraction time,extraction temperature and ratio of water to raw material were investigated by a central composite design.The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation via multiple regression analysis and also examined with the appropriate statistical methods.The adjusted coefficient of determination（R^2Adj） for the model was 0.9171.An optimum extraction yield of 30.78% was obtained when the extraction temperature was 95 °C,extraction time was 4.5 h,and the ratio of water to raw material was 35（mL/g）.Under these conditions,validation experiments were done and the mean extraction yield of polysaccharides was 30.79%,which was in good agreement with the predicted model value.展开更多
In the invading course of Undaria pinnatifida, zoospore attachment in a dynamically changed subtidal water environment is crucial for the establishment of a potential population in alien waters. Among many abiotic fac...In the invading course of Undaria pinnatifida, zoospore attachment in a dynamically changed subtidal water environment is crucial for the establishment of a potential population in alien waters. Among many abiotic factors that may interfere with the attachment process, water velocity is the most important one. In this investigation, the effect of water velocity on zoospore attachment of U. pinnatifida was investigated in an artificially designed system. It was found that freshly released zoospores that were transported by water flowing at 0 -16 cm/s showed no difficulty in attaching the smooth surface. Zoospore attachment decreased at elevated water flowing rates. At 70 cm/s no spore attachment occurred. Spores that have settled on glass slide for up to 1 h could not be stripped away by flowing water at a rate of 129 cm/s, the same was true of the 20 d old filamentous gametophytes. It was found that more than 70% of free-swimming zoospores tended to settle down adjacent to the settled spores and formed conjugated clusters from two up to a few hundred cells in still culture.展开更多
During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization succes...During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization success. Using unialgal male and female gametophyte material under designated standard gametogenesis testing (SGT) conditions, the potential life-span of the sperm of two seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, was assessed by their ability to fertilize eggs. Results show that within 20-30 min after being discharged, sperm of both species could complete fertilization without an apparent decline in fertilization rate. Although fertilization rate 60-120 min after sperm discharge dropped significantly in both species, some sperm were viable enough to fertilize the eggs. In S.japonica, at 12°C, some sperm were able to fertilize eggs up to 12 h after discharge. In both species, egg discharge rates (EDR) in the male and female mixed positive controls were significantly higher than those of all the sperm-testing groups. Doubling the seeded male gametophytes of S. japonica in the SGT tests significantly increased the EDR, further confirming the effect of the presence of the male on the female in terms of facilitating egg discharge from oogonia.展开更多
Breeding practice for Undaria pinnatifida （Harvey） Suringar requires the screening of a large number of offspring from gametophyte crossings to obtain an elite variety for large-scale cultivation. To better understa...Breeding practice for Undaria pinnatifida （Harvey） Suringar requires the screening of a large number of offspring from gametophyte crossings to obtain an elite variety for large-scale cultivation. To better understand the genetic relationships of different gametophyte cultures isolated from different sources, 20 microsatellite loci were screened and 53 gametophyte clone cultures analyzed for U. pinnatijqda isolated from wild sporophytes in Vladivostok, Russia and from cultivated sporophytes from Dalian and Qingdao, China. One locus was abandoned because of poor amplification. At the sex-linked locus of Up-AC-2AS, 3 alleles were detected in 25 female gametophyte clones, with sizes ranging from 307 to 316 bp. At other loci, 3 to 7 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles at each locus was 1.3 and 3.7 for Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones, respectively. The average gene diversity for Russian, Chinese, and for the combined total of gametophyte clones was 0.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Russian gametophyte clones had unique alleles at 7 out of the 19 loci. In cluster analysis, Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones were separated into two different groups according to genetic distance. Overall, high genetic diversity was detected in gametophyte clones isolated from the two countries. These gametophyte cultures were believed to be appropriate parental materials for conducting breeding programs in the future.展开更多
The aim of this study is to isolate protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically by using alginate lyase, which was prepared by fermenting culture of a strain Vibrio sp. 51...The aim of this study is to isolate protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically by using alginate lyase, which was prepared by fermenting culture of a strain Vibrio sp. 510. Monofacterial method was applied for optimizing digestion condition. The optimum condition for protoplast preparation is enzymatic digestion at 28 ℃ for 2 h using alginate lyase at the concentration of 213.36 U (8 mL) every 0.5 g fresh thalline with NaCl 50 and at the shaking speed of 150 r min -1 during digestion. The protoplast yield can reach 2.62±0.09 million per 0.5 g fresh leave under the optimum condition. The enzyme activity is inhibited by Ca 2+ and slightly enhanced by Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ at concentrations of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 mol L -1.展开更多
When cultured under certain environmental coriditions (25℃, light intensity 80 μmol/m<sup>2</sup> ·s, LD12/12, in enriched seawater medium with 7 × 10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L NO<sub>...When cultured under certain environmental coriditions (25℃, light intensity 80 μmol/m<sup>2</sup> ·s, LD12/12, in enriched seawater medium with 7 × 10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L NO<sub>3</sub>,-N, 1.56× 10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L, PO<sub>4</sub>-P and supplementsof other elements like Mn, Fe, I, etc.), mate and female gametophytes of U pinnatifida keptgrowing vegetatively and propagated fast at average daily fresh weight increase rate of about 20%. Theempirical formula G<sub>m</sub>=G<sub>o</sub>. 3<sup>m</sup> was established to estimate the output of vegeative gametophytes. Vigorousvegetative gametophyte cells began to form reproductive structures (oogonium and spermatangium, whenthe tmperature was lower than 25℃ and other environmental factors wrre kept optimal. The sufficientsupply of gametophyte cells provided enough seeds for raising Undaria sporelings on prodiction scale.Controlled cross-breeding experiments using selcted male and female gametophyte clones which increasetheir cell number by mitosis instead of meiosis were also carried out in vitro. Juvenile sporophytes fromthe展开更多
Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll-type carotenoid that provides many benefits to human health. However, the mechanism by which fucoxanthin interacts with microbes and inhibits pathogenic bacteria is unknown. In this study,...Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll-type carotenoid that provides many benefits to human health. However, the mechanism by which fucoxanthin interacts with microbes and inhibits pathogenic bacteria is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of fucoxanthin isolated from the edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida on pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and lactobacilli both in vitro and in vivo. Fucoxanthin strongly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria but was less effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Fucoxanthin extracted from the crude mixture had a recovery rate of 93.38% and a purity of 82.70%, which were higher than those of fucoxanthin extracted using a previous method. Fucoxanthin also promoted the growth of intestinal mi- crobes in mice. Fucoxanthinol, a metabolite of fucoxanthin, was generated in the culture media. Fucoxanthin can be deacetylated into fucoxanthinol not only by conventional digestive enzymes in the digestive tract, but also by E. coli and lactobacilli in the intestine. These results indicate that fucoxanthin interacts with and influences E. coli and lactobacilli in the intestine. Therefore, fucoxanthin isolated from Undaria pinnatifida possibly can be applied in human health maintenance.展开更多
During the induction of gamete-producing gametangia, induced gametophytes werecollected at 4 days intervals (0,4,8, 12 d) and total RNAs were isolated by CsCl gradient ultracentrifu-gation. Some stage-specific express...During the induction of gamete-producing gametangia, induced gametophytes werecollected at 4 days intervals (0,4,8, 12 d) and total RNAs were isolated by CsCl gradient ultracentrifu-gation. Some stage-specific expressed mRNAs were identified by differential display of mRNAs from dif-ferent developing stages of the gametophytes. The cDNA of one specific mRNA was verified, cloned andsequenced. This gene was specifically expressed during 4 days of induction, and had partial homologoussequence with tobacco IAA-binding protein gene. It suggests that this cDNA may represent a gene whichis related to the LAA regulating function during the development of the gametophytes.展开更多
Undaria pinnatifida, Wakame is a popular edible seaweed in its native Asia and was first recorded in New Zealand in Wellington Harbor in 1987. It is classified as an unwanted species under the Biosecurity Act 1993, bu...Undaria pinnatifida, Wakame is a popular edible seaweed in its native Asia and was first recorded in New Zealand in Wellington Harbor in 1987. It is classified as an unwanted species under the Biosecurity Act 1993, but there is growing interest in harvesting this seaweed for human consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of metals in U. pinnatifida from several locations (Marlborough Sounds and Wellington harbor) and across seasons. In brief, the highest monthly mean concentration of metals found in New Zealand wild U. pinnatifida was Ca (16.97g·kg-1), K (48.48 g·kg-1), Mg (9.47 g·kg-1), P (12.05 g·kg-1), Cr (1.04 mg·kg-1), Cu (3.78 mg·kg-1), Mn (14.61 mg·kg-1), Ni (2.78 mg·kg-1), Se (0.83 mg·kg-1), Zn (35.03 mg·kg-1), As (46.71 mg·kg-1), Cd (2.91 mg·kg-1), Hg (0.042 mg·kg-1) and Pb (0.31 mg·kg-1). These results showed that New Zealand U. pinnatifida is a good source of the nutritionally important minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. They also contained trace amounts of minerals such as chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, selenium and zinc. Contaminants such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead were found at very low, safe, levels.展开更多
Objective:To study the activity of polysaccharides extracted from Undaria pinnatifida(U.pinnatifida)in vitro on red blood cell of Equus caballus,and compare it with heparin.Methods:Algal extracts was tested at two dif...Objective:To study the activity of polysaccharides extracted from Undaria pinnatifida(U.pinnatifida)in vitro on red blood cell of Equus caballus,and compare it with heparin.Methods:Algal extracts was tested at two different concentrations 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.In all studies,using horse red blood cells,control experiments were carried out without extract.We evaluated the toxicity of algal extracts through trypan blue test and haemolysis test and anticoagulant action measured by activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time and fibrinogen test.Results:The polysaccharide extract of U.pinnatifida appeared to have no cytotoxic effect on the horse red blood cells.The values of prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen were significantly changed in the presence of the extract.Conclusions:This study suggests a possible exploitation of U.pinnatifida,thriving in the lagoon of Venice,as a source of anticoagulant drug,with the aim of transforming waste into a valuable biomass.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2018YFC0311003,2017YFE0103100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81903534,81773628,81741165)the HighLevel Talent Special Support Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2019R52009)。
文摘A sulfated galactoftucan designated as UpG was obtained from the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida by calcium chloride extraction.Chemical analyses showed that UpG is composed of galactose and fucose at a high sulfation level.Low-molecular weight UpGP-0.5 was prepared from UpG through acid hydrolysis for structure characterization.The backbones of UpG are determined to beα-(1,3)-Fuc,α-(1,4)-Gal,α-(1,3)-Gal,andα-(1,6)-Gal by GC-MS,FT-IR,NMR,and LC-MS analyses.Sulfate groups are modified at C2 and/or C4 of fucose and C3 and/or C4 of galactose.UpG could partially lower blood sugar and serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetic mice.Moreover,UpG treatment regulates the abundance of some specific gut microbiota,such as enriching the abundance of Muribaculum and Christensenellaceae,and reducing that of Bilophila,Tannerellaceae,Candidatus Saccharimonas and Anaerotruncus.The findings characterized the detailed structure of a sulfated galactofucan and investigated its potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
文摘Circadian growth rhythm of the juvenile sporophyte of the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida was measured with the computer-aided image analysis system in constant florescent white light under constant temperature （ 10 ℃ ）. The growth rhythm persisted for 4 d in constant light with a free-running period of 25.6 h. Egg release from filamentous gametophytes pre-cultured in the light - dark regime was evaluated for six consecutive days at fixed time intervals in constant white light and 12 h light per day. Egg release rhythm persisted for 3 d in both regimes, indicating the endogenous nature. Temporal scale of egg release and gametogenesis in 18, 16, 12 and 8 h light per day were evaluated respectively using vegetatively propagated filamentous gametophytes. Egg release occurred 2 h after the onset of dark phase and peaked at midnight. Evaluation of the rates of oogonium formation, egg release or fertilization revealed no significant differences in four light-dark regimes, indicating the great plasticity of sexual reproduction. No photoperiodic effect in gametogenesis in terms of oogonium formation and egg release was found, but fertilization in short days was significantly higher than in long days. Results of this investigation further confirmed the general occurrence of circadian rhythms in intertidal seaweed species.
基金research was a part of the project titled "Korea Sea Grant Program(Gyeong-gi Sea Grant)" funded by the Ministry of Land,Transport and Maritime Affairs,Korea
文摘Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida.The effects of three independent variables,extraction time,extraction temperature and ratio of water to raw material were investigated by a central composite design.The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation via multiple regression analysis and also examined with the appropriate statistical methods.The adjusted coefficient of determination（R^2Adj） for the model was 0.9171.An optimum extraction yield of 30.78% was obtained when the extraction temperature was 95 °C,extraction time was 4.5 h,and the ratio of water to raw material was 35（mL/g）.Under these conditions,validation experiments were done and the mean extraction yield of polysaccharides was 30.79%,which was in good agreement with the predicted model value.
基金The"863"Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2006AA10A412 a project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KSCX2-YW-N-47-07
文摘In the invading course of Undaria pinnatifida, zoospore attachment in a dynamically changed subtidal water environment is crucial for the establishment of a potential population in alien waters. Among many abiotic factors that may interfere with the attachment process, water velocity is the most important one. In this investigation, the effect of water velocity on zoospore attachment of U. pinnatifida was investigated in an artificially designed system. It was found that freshly released zoospores that were transported by water flowing at 0 -16 cm/s showed no difficulty in attaching the smooth surface. Zoospore attachment decreased at elevated water flowing rates. At 70 cm/s no spore attachment occurred. Spores that have settled on glass slide for up to 1 h could not be stripped away by flowing water at a rate of 129 cm/s, the same was true of the 20 d old filamentous gametophytes. It was found that more than 70% of free-swimming zoospores tended to settle down adjacent to the settled spores and formed conjugated clusters from two up to a few hundred cells in still culture.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No.2012AA10A413)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41206146,41176135,41206142)+3 种基金the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector (Agriculture) from the Ministry of Agriculture (No.200903030)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KSCX2-EW-B-3)the National Key Basic Program of Science and Technology-Platforms of Aquaculture Stock Resourcesthe Leading Academic Discipline Project of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No.J50701)
文摘During sexual reproduction of seaweeds, spermatozoid (sperm) discharge is triggered by chemical messengers (pheromones) released by the female gametes. The chemotactic ability of the sperm ensures fertilization success. Using unialgal male and female gametophyte material under designated standard gametogenesis testing (SGT) conditions, the potential life-span of the sperm of two seaweeds, Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, was assessed by their ability to fertilize eggs. Results show that within 20-30 min after being discharged, sperm of both species could complete fertilization without an apparent decline in fertilization rate. Although fertilization rate 60-120 min after sperm discharge dropped significantly in both species, some sperm were viable enough to fertilize the eggs. In S.japonica, at 12°C, some sperm were able to fertilize eggs up to 12 h after discharge. In both species, egg discharge rates (EDR) in the male and female mixed positive controls were significantly higher than those of all the sperm-testing groups. Doubling the seeded male gametophytes of S. japonica in the SGT tests significantly increased the EDR, further confirming the effect of the presence of the male on the female in terms of facilitating egg discharge from oogonia.
基金Supported by the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(Agriculture)(No.200903030)the Agriculture Science Technology Achievement Transformation Fund(No.2010GB24910699)the Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-EW-B-3)
文摘Breeding practice for Undaria pinnatifida （Harvey） Suringar requires the screening of a large number of offspring from gametophyte crossings to obtain an elite variety for large-scale cultivation. To better understand the genetic relationships of different gametophyte cultures isolated from different sources, 20 microsatellite loci were screened and 53 gametophyte clone cultures analyzed for U. pinnatijqda isolated from wild sporophytes in Vladivostok, Russia and from cultivated sporophytes from Dalian and Qingdao, China. One locus was abandoned because of poor amplification. At the sex-linked locus of Up-AC-2AS, 3 alleles were detected in 25 female gametophyte clones, with sizes ranging from 307 to 316 bp. At other loci, 3 to 7 alleles were detected with an average of 4.5 alleles per locus. The average number of alleles at each locus was 1.3 and 3.7 for Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones, respectively. The average gene diversity for Russian, Chinese, and for the combined total of gametophyte clones was 0.1, 0.4, and 0.5, respectively. Russian gametophyte clones had unique alleles at 7 out of the 19 loci. In cluster analysis, Russian and Chinese gametophyte clones were separated into two different groups according to genetic distance. Overall, high genetic diversity was detected in gametophyte clones isolated from the two countries. These gametophyte cultures were believed to be appropriate parental materials for conducting breeding programs in the future.
文摘The aim of this study is to isolate protoplasts from Undaria pinnatifida. Protoplasts of the alga were isolated enzymatically by using alginate lyase, which was prepared by fermenting culture of a strain Vibrio sp. 510. Monofacterial method was applied for optimizing digestion condition. The optimum condition for protoplast preparation is enzymatic digestion at 28 ℃ for 2 h using alginate lyase at the concentration of 213.36 U (8 mL) every 0.5 g fresh thalline with NaCl 50 and at the shaking speed of 150 r min -1 during digestion. The protoplast yield can reach 2.62±0.09 million per 0.5 g fresh leave under the optimum condition. The enzyme activity is inhibited by Ca 2+ and slightly enhanced by Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ at concentrations of 0.05, 0.08 and 0.10 mol L -1.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘When cultured under certain environmental coriditions (25℃, light intensity 80 μmol/m<sup>2</sup> ·s, LD12/12, in enriched seawater medium with 7 × 10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L NO<sub>3</sub>,-N, 1.56× 10<sup>-4</sup>mol/L, PO<sub>4</sub>-P and supplementsof other elements like Mn, Fe, I, etc.), mate and female gametophytes of U pinnatifida keptgrowing vegetatively and propagated fast at average daily fresh weight increase rate of about 20%. Theempirical formula G<sub>m</sub>=G<sub>o</sub>. 3<sup>m</sup> was established to estimate the output of vegeative gametophytes. Vigorousvegetative gametophyte cells began to form reproductive structures (oogonium and spermatangium, whenthe tmperature was lower than 25℃ and other environmental factors wrre kept optimal. The sufficientsupply of gametophyte cells provided enough seeds for raising Undaria sporelings on prodiction scale.Controlled cross-breeding experiments using selcted male and female gametophyte clones which increasetheir cell number by mitosis instead of meiosis were also carried out in vitro. Juvenile sporophytes fromthe
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Major Project of Huangdao District, Qingdao City (No. 2014-3-11)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31371731)
文摘Fucoxanthin is a xanthophyll-type carotenoid that provides many benefits to human health. However, the mechanism by which fucoxanthin interacts with microbes and inhibits pathogenic bacteria is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of fucoxanthin isolated from the edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida on pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and lactobacilli both in vitro and in vivo. Fucoxanthin strongly inhibited the growth of Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria but was less effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Fucoxanthin extracted from the crude mixture had a recovery rate of 93.38% and a purity of 82.70%, which were higher than those of fucoxanthin extracted using a previous method. Fucoxanthin also promoted the growth of intestinal mi- crobes in mice. Fucoxanthinol, a metabolite of fucoxanthin, was generated in the culture media. Fucoxanthin can be deacetylated into fucoxanthinol not only by conventional digestive enzymes in the digestive tract, but also by E. coli and lactobacilli in the intestine. These results indicate that fucoxanthin interacts with and influences E. coli and lactobacilli in the intestine. Therefore, fucoxanthin isolated from Undaria pinnatifida possibly can be applied in human health maintenance.
文摘During the induction of gamete-producing gametangia, induced gametophytes werecollected at 4 days intervals (0,4,8, 12 d) and total RNAs were isolated by CsCl gradient ultracentrifu-gation. Some stage-specific expressed mRNAs were identified by differential display of mRNAs from dif-ferent developing stages of the gametophytes. The cDNA of one specific mRNA was verified, cloned andsequenced. This gene was specifically expressed during 4 days of induction, and had partial homologoussequence with tobacco IAA-binding protein gene. It suggests that this cDNA may represent a gene whichis related to the LAA regulating function during the development of the gametophytes.
文摘Undaria pinnatifida, Wakame is a popular edible seaweed in its native Asia and was first recorded in New Zealand in Wellington Harbor in 1987. It is classified as an unwanted species under the Biosecurity Act 1993, but there is growing interest in harvesting this seaweed for human consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of metals in U. pinnatifida from several locations (Marlborough Sounds and Wellington harbor) and across seasons. In brief, the highest monthly mean concentration of metals found in New Zealand wild U. pinnatifida was Ca (16.97g·kg-1), K (48.48 g·kg-1), Mg (9.47 g·kg-1), P (12.05 g·kg-1), Cr (1.04 mg·kg-1), Cu (3.78 mg·kg-1), Mn (14.61 mg·kg-1), Ni (2.78 mg·kg-1), Se (0.83 mg·kg-1), Zn (35.03 mg·kg-1), As (46.71 mg·kg-1), Cd (2.91 mg·kg-1), Hg (0.042 mg·kg-1) and Pb (0.31 mg·kg-1). These results showed that New Zealand U. pinnatifida is a good source of the nutritionally important minerals calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. They also contained trace amounts of minerals such as chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, selenium and zinc. Contaminants such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead were found at very low, safe, levels.
基金Partially supported by PON02004513362185 INNOVAQUA-Innovazione Tecnologica a Supporto dell’Incremento della Produttivitàe della Competitivitàdell’Acquacoltura Siciliana.
文摘Objective:To study the activity of polysaccharides extracted from Undaria pinnatifida(U.pinnatifida)in vitro on red blood cell of Equus caballus,and compare it with heparin.Methods:Algal extracts was tested at two different concentrations 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.In all studies,using horse red blood cells,control experiments were carried out without extract.We evaluated the toxicity of algal extracts through trypan blue test and haemolysis test and anticoagulant action measured by activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time and fibrinogen test.Results:The polysaccharide extract of U.pinnatifida appeared to have no cytotoxic effect on the horse red blood cells.The values of prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen were significantly changed in the presence of the extract.Conclusions:This study suggests a possible exploitation of U.pinnatifida,thriving in the lagoon of Venice,as a source of anticoagulant drug,with the aim of transforming waste into a valuable biomass.
