Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollutio...Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollution in the form of action plans, introduced especially in its 17 non-attainment cities (NAC). To assess the progress and development of these action plans in UP, the present study has done an in-depth analysis and review of the state’s action plans and city micro action plans. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the analysis of the latest action plan reports, micro action plan reports as well as the recommendations for combating air pollution-related issues in the 17 NAC of the UP state has been well documented. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) has prepared these reports to highlight the progress of the plans in response to the growing air pollution in these cities. The information present in the reports has been used to further study sector-specific, category-specific action plans, institutional responsibility, and the present status of the action plans. Results: On average, the highest weightage in action plans was given to sector-specific categories such as Road dust and construction activities (24%). It was also observed that Urban local bodies (~50%) were majorly responsible to implement the action points and 56% of the action points were jointly implemented by multiple agencies.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate the subject of birth preparedness and complication readiness to tackle the obstetric complications. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is studied based on husb...The objective of this study is to investigate the subject of birth preparedness and complication readiness to tackle the obstetric complications. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is studied based on husband’s response. Emergency birth preparedness has been promoted to address delays in seeking skilled care at birth. However, little evidence is available for birth preparedness and its key covariates. Therefore, to examine the level of birth preparedness, this study has used primary data collected from the selected district of Uttar Pradesh. The information in this study may be valuable to Indian health policy makers and programme implementers who wish to lower the prevailing high maternal mortality in the country. This paper is based on the primary data collected from 33 husbands of deceased women and 150 husbands of surviving mothers from one selected district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is measured using series of questions. The husbands were asked whether they followed the following key desired steps while their wife was pregnant with last child: 1) thinking about the measures to be taken in case of life danger;2) being aware about the delivery date of wife;3) saving money for meeting delivery expenses;4) discussing plans with close family members;5) keeping ready clean cotton and other necessities;6) identifying a hospital to go in case of emergency;7) arranging transportation and 8) arranging dai/doctor. Taking at least five steps were considered being well-prepared. Frequency distribution and cross tabulation analysis were done and logistic regression model was applied to understand independent effect of key covariates. Proportion test and t-test were also applied to check the statistical significance in two groups. It was found that different steps of birth preparedness were not planned in case of all pregnancies. Many respondents did not take any step about birth preparedness or they prepared only for few steps only. Findings from logistic regression suggest that controlling the effect of other covariates, if wife registered her name with any hospital or doctor for antenatal care (ANC), the level of preparedness was significantly higher compared to those who were not registered for ANC services. Similarly, the husbands who reported that men should get involved in deciding the place of delivery were significantly positively associated with well birth preparedness.展开更多
Introduction: Effective utilization of reproductive and child health (RCH) services is important to reduce morbidity and mortality among mothers as well as children under-five. After International Conference on Popula...Introduction: Effective utilization of reproductive and child health (RCH) services is important to reduce morbidity and mortality among mothers as well as children under-five. After International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), 1994 India has increasingly integrated male participation in women’s reproductive health to improve the women’s health care during pregnancy and child birth. This study examined effect of women’s autonomy and male involvement on RCH services utilization in Uttar Pradesh State of India. Methodology: State level data of Uttar Pradesh from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India for currently married women and men aged 15 - 49 years was considered. The study was restricted to couples whose youngest child was born during the three years preceding the survey (N = 2685). Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the association of background characteristics with woman’s autonomy and male involvement in RCH utilization. Logistic regression was used to understand the effects of male involvement and women’s autonomy, using both computed indices after controlling for socio-economic and background characteristics of women and their husbands. Subsequently, the exercise was extended using individual component of both the indices. All findings were reported for 95% CI and p < 0.05. Results: Findings show that except religion, other socio-economic and demographic variables such as age of women, place of residence, number of living children, caste/tribe, women’s work status, education, wealth index, household structure and exposure to mass media, husband’s age, education, and occupation were statistically significant and associated with women’s autonomy and male involvement. Multivariate analysis indicated women’s autonomous decision making and support from their husbands (male involvement) significantly influenced their utilization of RCH services after controlling for all socio-economic and demographic variables. Conclusion: To improve RCH service utilization and overall health status of women and children male involvement and women’s autonomous decision-making should be addressed in all future RCH programs in the State.展开更多
Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived communities.In order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among p...Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived communities.In order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agroclimatic zones,during May-August 2015.Information about socio-demographic details,defecation and handhygiene practices,and stool samples were collected from the school children.Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz method.Results:Stool samples from 6421 school children were examined.The overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6%(95%CI:71.2-79.5).The prevalence was more than 50%in six of the nine agro-climatic zones.A.lumbricoides was the most prevalent STH(prevalence:69.6%),followed by hookworm(prevalence:22.6%)and T.trichura(4.6%).The majority of the STH infections were of low intensity.The practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH infection.Conclusions:STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar Pradesh was high.Given the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence,Govt of Uttar Pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual frequency.The findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme.展开更多
Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment.Though groundwater contributes only 0.6%of the total water resources on earth, it is the major and preferred source of drinking water in rural...Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment.Though groundwater contributes only 0.6%of the total water resources on earth, it is the major and preferred source of drinking water in rural as well as urban areas of many developing countries like India.Uttar Pradesh state展开更多
文摘Introduction: The Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) for the past many years has been reported to have many cities with highly polluted air quality. The state has been taking meticulous steps in combating air pollution in the form of action plans, introduced especially in its 17 non-attainment cities (NAC). To assess the progress and development of these action plans in UP, the present study has done an in-depth analysis and review of the state’s action plans and city micro action plans. Materials and Methods: In this research study, the analysis of the latest action plan reports, micro action plan reports as well as the recommendations for combating air pollution-related issues in the 17 NAC of the UP state has been well documented. Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board (UPPCB) has prepared these reports to highlight the progress of the plans in response to the growing air pollution in these cities. The information present in the reports has been used to further study sector-specific, category-specific action plans, institutional responsibility, and the present status of the action plans. Results: On average, the highest weightage in action plans was given to sector-specific categories such as Road dust and construction activities (24%). It was also observed that Urban local bodies (~50%) were majorly responsible to implement the action points and 56% of the action points were jointly implemented by multiple agencies.
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate the subject of birth preparedness and complication readiness to tackle the obstetric complications. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is studied based on husband’s response. Emergency birth preparedness has been promoted to address delays in seeking skilled care at birth. However, little evidence is available for birth preparedness and its key covariates. Therefore, to examine the level of birth preparedness, this study has used primary data collected from the selected district of Uttar Pradesh. The information in this study may be valuable to Indian health policy makers and programme implementers who wish to lower the prevailing high maternal mortality in the country. This paper is based on the primary data collected from 33 husbands of deceased women and 150 husbands of surviving mothers from one selected district of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Birth preparedness and complication readiness is measured using series of questions. The husbands were asked whether they followed the following key desired steps while their wife was pregnant with last child: 1) thinking about the measures to be taken in case of life danger;2) being aware about the delivery date of wife;3) saving money for meeting delivery expenses;4) discussing plans with close family members;5) keeping ready clean cotton and other necessities;6) identifying a hospital to go in case of emergency;7) arranging transportation and 8) arranging dai/doctor. Taking at least five steps were considered being well-prepared. Frequency distribution and cross tabulation analysis were done and logistic regression model was applied to understand independent effect of key covariates. Proportion test and t-test were also applied to check the statistical significance in two groups. It was found that different steps of birth preparedness were not planned in case of all pregnancies. Many respondents did not take any step about birth preparedness or they prepared only for few steps only. Findings from logistic regression suggest that controlling the effect of other covariates, if wife registered her name with any hospital or doctor for antenatal care (ANC), the level of preparedness was significantly higher compared to those who were not registered for ANC services. Similarly, the husbands who reported that men should get involved in deciding the place of delivery were significantly positively associated with well birth preparedness.
文摘Introduction: Effective utilization of reproductive and child health (RCH) services is important to reduce morbidity and mortality among mothers as well as children under-five. After International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), 1994 India has increasingly integrated male participation in women’s reproductive health to improve the women’s health care during pregnancy and child birth. This study examined effect of women’s autonomy and male involvement on RCH services utilization in Uttar Pradesh State of India. Methodology: State level data of Uttar Pradesh from National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), India for currently married women and men aged 15 - 49 years was considered. The study was restricted to couples whose youngest child was born during the three years preceding the survey (N = 2685). Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the association of background characteristics with woman’s autonomy and male involvement in RCH utilization. Logistic regression was used to understand the effects of male involvement and women’s autonomy, using both computed indices after controlling for socio-economic and background characteristics of women and their husbands. Subsequently, the exercise was extended using individual component of both the indices. All findings were reported for 95% CI and p < 0.05. Results: Findings show that except religion, other socio-economic and demographic variables such as age of women, place of residence, number of living children, caste/tribe, women’s work status, education, wealth index, household structure and exposure to mass media, husband’s age, education, and occupation were statistically significant and associated with women’s autonomy and male involvement. Multivariate analysis indicated women’s autonomous decision making and support from their husbands (male involvement) significantly influenced their utilization of RCH services after controlling for all socio-economic and demographic variables. Conclusion: To improve RCH service utilization and overall health status of women and children male involvement and women’s autonomous decision-making should be addressed in all future RCH programs in the State.
基金The survey was funded by Children’s Investment Fund Foundation:CIFF.
文摘Background:Soil-transmitted helminth(STH)infections often affect the poorest and most deprived communities.In order to generate reliable data for planning a school based deworming program,we conducted a survey among primary school children studying in government schools in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.The objectives of our survey were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH infections.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children studying in 130 primary schools from 9 agroclimatic zones,during May-August 2015.Information about socio-demographic details,defecation and handhygiene practices,and stool samples were collected from the school children.Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz method.Results:Stool samples from 6421 school children were examined.The overall weighted prevalence of any STH in the State was 75.6%(95%CI:71.2-79.5).The prevalence was more than 50%in six of the nine agro-climatic zones.A.lumbricoides was the most prevalent STH(prevalence:69.6%),followed by hookworm(prevalence:22.6%)and T.trichura(4.6%).The majority of the STH infections were of low intensity.The practice of open defecation and not washing hands with soap after defecation and residence in kutcha house were significant risk factors of STH infection.Conclusions:STH prevalence among primary school children in Uttar Pradesh was high.Given the WHO guidelines on deworming frequency according to STH prevalence,Govt of Uttar Pradesh needs to implement a school-based deworming program with bi-annual frequency.The findings of our survey would also help monitor the performance of school based deworming programme.
文摘Water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment.Though groundwater contributes only 0.6%of the total water resources on earth, it is the major and preferred source of drinking water in rural as well as urban areas of many developing countries like India.Uttar Pradesh state
