The cult of Mazu is a common folk belief in China and Vietnam.Originating from the Song and Yuan Dynasties,particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the cult of Mazu spread to Vietnam through maritime trade and ...The cult of Mazu is a common folk belief in China and Vietnam.Originating from the Song and Yuan Dynasties,particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the cult of Mazu spread to Vietnam through maritime trade and migration from coastal regions of China.After centuries of integration and development,it evolved into its own cultural system of Mazu worship,becoming an important component of Vietnamese folk culture.Hainan,China,as a crucial supply station on the Maritime Silk Road,has close connections with the transmission of Mazu culture to Vietnam.This paper adopts field investigations and literature research methods to explore the Mazu worship and culture in Hainan,China,and the Qiongfu Assembly Halls in Vietnam.展开更多
In recent years,speech synthesis systems have allowed for the produc-tion of very high-quality voices.Therefore,research in this domain is now turning to the problem of integrating emotions into speech.However,the met...In recent years,speech synthesis systems have allowed for the produc-tion of very high-quality voices.Therefore,research in this domain is now turning to the problem of integrating emotions into speech.However,the method of con-structing a speech synthesizer for each emotion has some limitations.First,this method often requires an emotional-speech data set with many sentences.Such data sets are very time-intensive and labor-intensive to complete.Second,training each of these models requires computers with large computational capabilities and a lot of effort and time for model tuning.In addition,each model for each emotion failed to take advantage of data sets of other emotions.In this paper,we propose a new method to synthesize emotional speech in which the latent expressions of emotions are learned from a small data set of professional actors through a Flow-tron model.In addition,we provide a new method to build a speech corpus that is scalable and whose quality is easy to control.Next,to produce a high-quality speech synthesis model,we used this data set to train the Tacotron 2 model.We used it as a pre-trained model to train the Flowtron model.We applied this method to synthesize Vietnamese speech with sadness and happiness.Mean opi-nion score(MOS)assessment results show that MOS is 3.61 for sadness and 3.95 for happiness.In conclusion,the proposed method proves to be more effec-tive for a high degree of automation and fast emotional sentence generation,using a small emotional-speech data set.展开更多
Deep learning created a sharp rise in the development of autonomous image recognition systems,especially in the case of the medical field.Among lung problems,tuberculosis,caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tub...Deep learning created a sharp rise in the development of autonomous image recognition systems,especially in the case of the medical field.Among lung problems,tuberculosis,caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis,is a dangerous disease because of its infection and damage.When an infected person coughs or sneezes,tiny droplets can bring pathogens to others through inhaling.Tuberculosis mainly damages the lungs,but it also affects any part of the body.Moreover,during the period of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,the access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment has become more difficult,so early and simple detection of tuberculosis has been more and more important.In our study,we focused on tuberculosis diagnosis by using the chestX-ray image,the essential input for the radiologist’s profession,and researched the effectiveness of the transfer learning approach in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray images.We proposed four strategies to clarify our hypothesis in different ways of applying transfer learning and different training set types.We also prepared a Vietnamese X-ray image dataset with the support of the VRPACS team to provide the basis for training and testing deep learning models.Our experiments were carried out by applying three different architectures,Alexnet,Resnet,and Densenet,on international,Vietnamese,and combined X-ray image datasets.After training,all models were verified on a pure Vietnamese X-rays set.The results show that transfer learning is suitable in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray images with high evaluating metrics in terms of AUC(Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve),sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.In the best strategy,most of the scores were more than 0.93,and all AUCs were more than 0.98.展开更多
Our aim was to evaluate the quality of ejaculated and epididymal frozen-thawed pig sperm of endangered Vietnam native pig breeds. Ejaculated sperm was collected from live boars and epididymal sperm was collected from ...Our aim was to evaluate the quality of ejaculated and epididymal frozen-thawed pig sperm of endangered Vietnam native pig breeds. Ejaculated sperm was collected from live boars and epididymal sperm was collected from slaughtered boars of the MuongTe, Kieng Sat and Co BinhThuan breeds and frozen in 0.25 ml straws using a protocol established earlier for modern pig breeds. We evaluated the sperm quality after thawing in terms of motility and rates of viable and abnormal spermatozoa. Our results revealed that the sperm motility and rates of viable and abnormal frozen-thawed sperm were >30%, >44%, and <14%, respectively. The origin of sperm had an effect on the production of pig embryos in vitro. In the Co BinhThuan breed, ejaculated sperm generated higher cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates than did the epididymal sperm (60.11% vs 56.02%, 17.23% vs 14.31%, 3.78% vs 2.34%, respectively, P < 0.05). Although no difference in cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate and the average number of cells/blastocysts, the hatching blastocyst rate was different between the breeds (P > 0.05). In the Co BinhThuan breed, the rate of pregnancy of ejaculated groups was similar to that of the epididymal group. In conclusion, the ejaculated and epididymal sperm of native Vietnamese pigs were successfully frozen. We succeeded in creating embryos in vitro and pregnant pigs after artificial insemination from frozen-thawed semen in three native Vietnamese pig breeds for the first time. The use of the ejaculated sperm improved the production of native pig embryos in vitro efficiency.展开更多
Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history....Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history.In the chapter of“Pestilences,”the characteristics,prevention,and treatment of pestilences were described in detail.By comparing Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine with Chinese medical books including Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of pestilences were profoundly influenced by Chinese medical books.The folk-proven prescriptions in Compendium of Materia Medica,Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang(《肘后备急方》Handbook of Prescriptionsfor Emergency),Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(《备急千金要方》Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency),and other Chinese medical books were included directly or after adaptation(slight modification in dosage and usage)in Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine.This form of“foreign acceptance”witnessed the history of medical culture communication between China and Vietnam,expanded the application scope of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of pestilences in a foreign land,promoted the overseas spread of folk-proven prescriptions in Chinese medicine to treat pestilences,and played a major part in treatment and prevention of disease in ancient Vietnam.展开更多
Dinh Thi Nguyen,Director of the Hanoi Academy of Theatre and Cinema,introduces his theory of Internationalisation in Vietnamese theatre.He suggests that traditional performance forms are always being intermingled with...Dinh Thi Nguyen,Director of the Hanoi Academy of Theatre and Cinema,introduces his theory of Internationalisation in Vietnamese theatre.He suggests that traditional performance forms are always being intermingled with foreign performance forms,with intercultural mixing of forms creating“internationalisation”.In this paper the development of Vietnamese theatre forms are examined through the lens of internationalisation.Starting with Cheo and Tuong,this paper follows the ways in which adaptations and absorption of introduced forms of theatre have shaped traditional forms developing into the contemporary theatre practices seen today in modern Vietnam.展开更多
This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufact...This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.展开更多
Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and pr...Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.展开更多
The influence of Chinese medical theory and practice on traditional VietNam medicine in the past is undeniable.We can discuss about a Chinese heritage.This Chinese School of Traditional Medicine has trained a large nu...The influence of Chinese medical theory and practice on traditional VietNam medicine in the past is undeniable.We can discuss about a Chinese heritage.This Chinese School of Traditional Medicine has trained a large number of Vietnamese doctors.There is,however,throughout the history of medicine in Viet Nam and along with the native genius,the birth of a Vietnamese specificity.What is the part of the heritage in this tradition,what is its own distinctiveness?Hence the title of this article.展开更多
The assessment of potential health risks posed by formaldehyde in clothing to consumers is of increasing concern worldwide. Because of this, it is necessary to develop an exposure model that can realistically mimic cl...The assessment of potential health risks posed by formaldehyde in clothing to consumers is of increasing concern worldwide. Because of this, it is necessary to develop an exposure model that can realistically mimic clothes wearing conditions. This study aims to preliminarily develop a health risk assessment model for formaldehyde in clothing, and then to assess the potential health risk posed by formaldehyde in textiles to adults and infants in Vietnam using the model. Finally, this study aims to examine the plausibility of the adopted permissible values for formaldehyde in cloth- ing in Vietnam. In the model, two exposure factors for dermal exposure and overall exposure routes, i.e. sweat type and perspiration area, were considered. The margins of exposure (MOE) were calculated to estimate the health risks from worst case and average exposures. The assessment shows that acute exposure via inhalation can pose health risks to Vietnamese consumers in both cases. In regards to chronic exposure, dermal exposure is about four (for infants) and seven (for adults) times higher than exposure via inhalation, but no risks were found for average exposure. If a MOE of 100 is defined as ‘safe’ used, dermal and total chronic exposure to worst case cause potential risks, whereas no health risks were found for exposure to average case. With the model, the adopted Vietnamese permissible values for formaldehyde in clothing were assessed as not posing a health risk to Vietnamese consumers, hence they are accepted.展开更多
This paper proposes an enhancement of an automatic text recognition system for extracting information from the front side of the Vietnamese citizen identity(CID)card.First,we apply Mask-RCNN to segment and align the C...This paper proposes an enhancement of an automatic text recognition system for extracting information from the front side of the Vietnamese citizen identity(CID)card.First,we apply Mask-RCNN to segment and align the CID card from the background.Next,we present two approaches to detect the CID card’s text lines using traditional image processing techniques compared to the EAST detector.Finally,we introduce a new end-to-end Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network(CRNN)model based on a combination of Connectionist Temporal Classification(CTC)and attention mechanism for Vietnamese text recognition by jointly train the CTC and attention objective functions together.The length of the CTC’s output label sequence is applied to the attention-based decoder prediction to make the final label sequence.This process helps to decrease irregular alignments and speed up the label sequence estimation during training and inference,instead of only relying on a data-driven attention-based encoder-decoder to estimate the label sequence in long sentences.We may directly learn the proposed model from a sequence of words without detailed annotations.We evaluate the proposed system using a real collected Vietnamese CID card dataset and find that our method provides a 4.28%in WER and outperforms the common techniques.展开更多
Coordinate compounds are compounds in which the constituent components are grammatically equivalent.This study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the combination order of the words”constituent components making u...Coordinate compounds are compounds in which the constituent components are grammatically equivalent.This study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the combination order of the words”constituent components making up coordinate compounds in both the Korean and Vietnamese languages to find the differences as well as similarities under the lens of cognitive linguistics.Specifically,this study looks into the combination order of the compounds”constituent components through the system of the senses—cognition through sensory perception,psychological mechanism—psychological cognition and social cognition of the Korean and Vietnamese people.展开更多
Aim: To validate a Vietnamese short version (OHIP- 14VN) for use in epidemiological studies. Methods: The original English-language version was translated into Vietnamese, back translated and after some revisions test...Aim: To validate a Vietnamese short version (OHIP- 14VN) for use in epidemiological studies. Methods: The original English-language version was translated into Vietnamese, back translated and after some revisions tested for psychometric properties. Subjects (n = 724) were asked to self-administer a questionnaire but could ask for assistance. Convergent validity was tested by investigating associations between OHIP domain and total scores, and dichotomized self-reported satisfaction with 1) the dentition in general, 2) chewing function, and 3) esthetics. Groups validity was evaluated by comparing OHIP scores of subjects having ≤6 molars vs. >6 molars and tooth decay vs. no decay. Test-retest reliability was investigated in a convenience sample (n = 54) and expressed in Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and average interitem correlation coefficients. Results: Validity: all associations were in the hypothesized directions. Differences in mean OHIP total were statistically sig-nificant for all discriminative variables. OHIP scores completed with assistance were significantly lower than those from self-administered questionnaires and therefore analyzed separately. For both administration formats differences in mean scores were still significant for “satisfaction” but for having ≤6 molars or decay the differences lost significance for most domain and total scores. Reliability: ICCs ranged from 0.54 - 0.74. Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alphas for OHIP total scores were 0.93 (self-administered) and 0.91 (with assistance). Average interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.26 - 0.67 (self-administered) and 0.28 - 0.69 (with assistance). Conclusions: This Vietnamese version of the OHIP-14 demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable reliability for OHIP total scores however OHIP-14VN domain scores should be interpreted with caution.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses the diplomatic way of Vietnamese envoys through literature during their mission toChina, including the group, communication mode and reason of the literary exchange between Vietnam envoy an...This paper mainly discusses the diplomatic way of Vietnamese envoys through literature during their mission toChina, including the group, communication mode and reason of the literary exchange between Vietnam envoy andChinese literati. The article points out that the Chinese literati contacted by Vietnamese envoys could be dividedinto Lingnan literati group (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), Huguang literati group (Hunan and Hubeiprovinces), Jiangnan literati group (Southern Anhui and Jiangsu provinces), and Northern literati group (Henan &Hebei provinces and Beijing). There are three main ways of literary communication between Vietnamese envoysand Chinese literati: the first is to give poems to each other according to fixed rhythm;the second is to communicateby writing;the third is to comment on poems each other. There are two main reasons for the literary exchangebetween Vietnamese envoys and Chinese literati: on the one hand, they wanted to achieve the purpose of “poetrydiplomacy” with literature, and took the initiative to communicate with Chinese literati;on the other hand, Chineseliterati were curious about Vietnamese envoys, so they asked Vietnamese envoys to give poems, or even paid fortheir literary works. The literary exchange between Vietnamese envoys and Chinese literati is a direct reflection ofthe literary exchange between China and Vietnam, from which we can see that the Chinese literature of Vietnam inthe feudal period is an important part of the Chinese cultural circle.展开更多
The present study investigates authorial stance in research articles of native and non-native academic authors of English. It aims to analyze evaluation adverbs in research articles written by native authors of Englis...The present study investigates authorial stance in research articles of native and non-native academic authors of English. It aims to analyze evaluation adverbs in research articles written by native authors of English(NAEs) and Vietnamese-speaking authors of English(VAEs) between 2012 and 2015. The data of 120 articles was investigated to examine whether there is a significant difference in using stance adverbs between the two groups of authors. It was found that NAEs and VAEs used stance adverbs in a considerably different way. Most of the stance adverb categories were variously overused by NAEs against VAEs. It was also found that English native authors of research articles preferred indirect approaches of expressing their evaluation by an illocutionary way of manner-of-speaking,metalinguistic and expectation markers,while Vietnamese authors favored an epistemic way of modal adverbs.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to explore the water usage profile of future Vietnamese households by carrying out a controlled living experiment with Vietnamese high-income households. By studying showering time, flow ...The purpose of this study was to explore the water usage profile of future Vietnamese households by carrying out a controlled living experiment with Vietnamese high-income households. By studying showering time, flow rate and toilet-use frequency of these households, the study revealed the water usage believed to be representative of future households in light of continued urbanization. This study also determined that the average time of showering was 9.7 minutes per person per day with an average flow rate of 12 L/minute for the existing shower head and 6.6 L/minute for the water-saving shower head. Toilet usage frequency was 5.25 times per person per day, and there was no difference with the results for an average (middle-income) household.展开更多
This article reviews the history of transmission and exchange of medicine between China and Vietnam.Systematic textual research found medical activities such as doctor visits,epidemics transmission,exchanges of therap...This article reviews the history of transmission and exchange of medicine between China and Vietnam.Systematic textual research found medical activities such as doctor visits,epidemics transmission,exchanges of therapies,import of local herbal,and drug specialties occurred in both countries.Vietnamese traditional medicine was once a truly large-scale system and one of the biggest branches of Chinese medicine abroad in history.展开更多
The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectica...The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains,current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis.Based on existing findings,this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation.Using a mixed-method of historical archives,fieldwork and simulation model,this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis.Further,it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long.The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west.Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel,setting the spatial structure of human settlements,and the development of city space.The location,layout,and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.展开更多
基金sponsored by the 2021 Research Project of Hainan Research Center for Applied Foreign Languages(HNWYJD21-05)by the Scientific Research Project of Hainan Higher Education Institutions(Hnky2023-20).
文摘The cult of Mazu is a common folk belief in China and Vietnam.Originating from the Song and Yuan Dynasties,particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the cult of Mazu spread to Vietnam through maritime trade and migration from coastal regions of China.After centuries of integration and development,it evolved into its own cultural system of Mazu worship,becoming an important component of Vietnamese folk culture.Hainan,China,as a crucial supply station on the Maritime Silk Road,has close connections with the transmission of Mazu culture to Vietnam.This paper adopts field investigations and literature research methods to explore the Mazu worship and culture in Hainan,China,and the Qiongfu Assembly Halls in Vietnam.
基金funded by the Hanoi University of Science and Technology(HUST)under grant number T2018-PC-210.
文摘In recent years,speech synthesis systems have allowed for the produc-tion of very high-quality voices.Therefore,research in this domain is now turning to the problem of integrating emotions into speech.However,the method of con-structing a speech synthesizer for each emotion has some limitations.First,this method often requires an emotional-speech data set with many sentences.Such data sets are very time-intensive and labor-intensive to complete.Second,training each of these models requires computers with large computational capabilities and a lot of effort and time for model tuning.In addition,each model for each emotion failed to take advantage of data sets of other emotions.In this paper,we propose a new method to synthesize emotional speech in which the latent expressions of emotions are learned from a small data set of professional actors through a Flow-tron model.In addition,we provide a new method to build a speech corpus that is scalable and whose quality is easy to control.Next,to produce a high-quality speech synthesis model,we used this data set to train the Tacotron 2 model.We used it as a pre-trained model to train the Flowtron model.We applied this method to synthesize Vietnamese speech with sadness and happiness.Mean opi-nion score(MOS)assessment results show that MOS is 3.61 for sadness and 3.95 for happiness.In conclusion,the proposed method proves to be more effec-tive for a high degree of automation and fast emotional sentence generation,using a small emotional-speech data set.
基金This research is funded by the project KC-4.0.14/19-25“Research on building a support system for diagnosis and prediction geo-spatial epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis by chest X-Ray images in Vietnam”.
文摘Deep learning created a sharp rise in the development of autonomous image recognition systems,especially in the case of the medical field.Among lung problems,tuberculosis,caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis,is a dangerous disease because of its infection and damage.When an infected person coughs or sneezes,tiny droplets can bring pathogens to others through inhaling.Tuberculosis mainly damages the lungs,but it also affects any part of the body.Moreover,during the period of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,the access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment has become more difficult,so early and simple detection of tuberculosis has been more and more important.In our study,we focused on tuberculosis diagnosis by using the chestX-ray image,the essential input for the radiologist’s profession,and researched the effectiveness of the transfer learning approach in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray images.We proposed four strategies to clarify our hypothesis in different ways of applying transfer learning and different training set types.We also prepared a Vietnamese X-ray image dataset with the support of the VRPACS team to provide the basis for training and testing deep learning models.Our experiments were carried out by applying three different architectures,Alexnet,Resnet,and Densenet,on international,Vietnamese,and combined X-ray image datasets.After training,all models were verified on a pure Vietnamese X-rays set.The results show that transfer learning is suitable in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray images with high evaluating metrics in terms of AUC(Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve),sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.In the best strategy,most of the scores were more than 0.93,and all AUCs were more than 0.98.
文摘Our aim was to evaluate the quality of ejaculated and epididymal frozen-thawed pig sperm of endangered Vietnam native pig breeds. Ejaculated sperm was collected from live boars and epididymal sperm was collected from slaughtered boars of the MuongTe, Kieng Sat and Co BinhThuan breeds and frozen in 0.25 ml straws using a protocol established earlier for modern pig breeds. We evaluated the sperm quality after thawing in terms of motility and rates of viable and abnormal spermatozoa. Our results revealed that the sperm motility and rates of viable and abnormal frozen-thawed sperm were >30%, >44%, and <14%, respectively. The origin of sperm had an effect on the production of pig embryos in vitro. In the Co BinhThuan breed, ejaculated sperm generated higher cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates than did the epididymal sperm (60.11% vs 56.02%, 17.23% vs 14.31%, 3.78% vs 2.34%, respectively, P < 0.05). Although no difference in cleavage rate, blastocyst formation rate and the average number of cells/blastocysts, the hatching blastocyst rate was different between the breeds (P > 0.05). In the Co BinhThuan breed, the rate of pregnancy of ejaculated groups was similar to that of the epididymal group. In conclusion, the ejaculated and epididymal sperm of native Vietnamese pigs were successfully frozen. We succeeded in creating embryos in vitro and pregnant pigs after artificial insemination from frozen-thawed semen in three native Vietnamese pig breeds for the first time. The use of the ejaculated sperm improved the production of native pig embryos in vitro efficiency.
文摘Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history.In the chapter of“Pestilences,”the characteristics,prevention,and treatment of pestilences were described in detail.By comparing Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine with Chinese medical books including Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of pestilences were profoundly influenced by Chinese medical books.The folk-proven prescriptions in Compendium of Materia Medica,Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang(《肘后备急方》Handbook of Prescriptionsfor Emergency),Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(《备急千金要方》Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency),and other Chinese medical books were included directly or after adaptation(slight modification in dosage and usage)in Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine.This form of“foreign acceptance”witnessed the history of medical culture communication between China and Vietnam,expanded the application scope of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of pestilences in a foreign land,promoted the overseas spread of folk-proven prescriptions in Chinese medicine to treat pestilences,and played a major part in treatment and prevention of disease in ancient Vietnam.
文摘Dinh Thi Nguyen,Director of the Hanoi Academy of Theatre and Cinema,introduces his theory of Internationalisation in Vietnamese theatre.He suggests that traditional performance forms are always being intermingled with foreign performance forms,with intercultural mixing of forms creating“internationalisation”.In this paper the development of Vietnamese theatre forms are examined through the lens of internationalisation.Starting with Cheo and Tuong,this paper follows the ways in which adaptations and absorption of introduced forms of theatre have shaped traditional forms developing into the contemporary theatre practices seen today in modern Vietnam.
文摘This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.
文摘Vietnamese sap and lacquerware have a splendid history. In order to promote a sustainable Vietnamese lacquer value chain, this review was carried out for us to investigate at site Vietnamese lacquer cultivation and processing of lacquer sap, then introduce the chemical components, HPLC-MS characteristic, properity and polymerization mechanism, as well as processing techniques of Vietnamese lacquer sap. Combined with the experience of lacquer cultivation and processing of Chinese lacquer, key problems to restrict the development of lacquer value chain were analyzed in Vietnam, and some suggestions would also be proposed in this investigation.
文摘The influence of Chinese medical theory and practice on traditional VietNam medicine in the past is undeniable.We can discuss about a Chinese heritage.This Chinese School of Traditional Medicine has trained a large number of Vietnamese doctors.There is,however,throughout the history of medicine in Viet Nam and along with the native genius,the birth of a Vietnamese specificity.What is the part of the heritage in this tradition,what is its own distinctiveness?Hence the title of this article.
文摘The assessment of potential health risks posed by formaldehyde in clothing to consumers is of increasing concern worldwide. Because of this, it is necessary to develop an exposure model that can realistically mimic clothes wearing conditions. This study aims to preliminarily develop a health risk assessment model for formaldehyde in clothing, and then to assess the potential health risk posed by formaldehyde in textiles to adults and infants in Vietnam using the model. Finally, this study aims to examine the plausibility of the adopted permissible values for formaldehyde in cloth- ing in Vietnam. In the model, two exposure factors for dermal exposure and overall exposure routes, i.e. sweat type and perspiration area, were considered. The margins of exposure (MOE) were calculated to estimate the health risks from worst case and average exposures. The assessment shows that acute exposure via inhalation can pose health risks to Vietnamese consumers in both cases. In regards to chronic exposure, dermal exposure is about four (for infants) and seven (for adults) times higher than exposure via inhalation, but no risks were found for average exposure. If a MOE of 100 is defined as ‘safe’ used, dermal and total chronic exposure to worst case cause potential risks, whereas no health risks were found for exposure to average case. With the model, the adopted Vietnamese permissible values for formaldehyde in clothing were assessed as not posing a health risk to Vietnamese consumers, hence they are accepted.
基金supported by Sai Gon University under Fund(Grant No.TD2020-11).
文摘This paper proposes an enhancement of an automatic text recognition system for extracting information from the front side of the Vietnamese citizen identity(CID)card.First,we apply Mask-RCNN to segment and align the CID card from the background.Next,we present two approaches to detect the CID card’s text lines using traditional image processing techniques compared to the EAST detector.Finally,we introduce a new end-to-end Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network(CRNN)model based on a combination of Connectionist Temporal Classification(CTC)and attention mechanism for Vietnamese text recognition by jointly train the CTC and attention objective functions together.The length of the CTC’s output label sequence is applied to the attention-based decoder prediction to make the final label sequence.This process helps to decrease irregular alignments and speed up the label sequence estimation during training and inference,instead of only relying on a data-driven attention-based encoder-decoder to estimate the label sequence in long sentences.We may directly learn the proposed model from a sequence of words without detailed annotations.We evaluate the proposed system using a real collected Vietnamese CID card dataset and find that our method provides a 4.28%in WER and outperforms the common techniques.
文摘Coordinate compounds are compounds in which the constituent components are grammatically equivalent.This study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the combination order of the words”constituent components making up coordinate compounds in both the Korean and Vietnamese languages to find the differences as well as similarities under the lens of cognitive linguistics.Specifically,this study looks into the combination order of the compounds”constituent components through the system of the senses—cognition through sensory perception,psychological mechanism—psychological cognition and social cognition of the Korean and Vietnamese people.
文摘Aim: To validate a Vietnamese short version (OHIP- 14VN) for use in epidemiological studies. Methods: The original English-language version was translated into Vietnamese, back translated and after some revisions tested for psychometric properties. Subjects (n = 724) were asked to self-administer a questionnaire but could ask for assistance. Convergent validity was tested by investigating associations between OHIP domain and total scores, and dichotomized self-reported satisfaction with 1) the dentition in general, 2) chewing function, and 3) esthetics. Groups validity was evaluated by comparing OHIP scores of subjects having ≤6 molars vs. >6 molars and tooth decay vs. no decay. Test-retest reliability was investigated in a convenience sample (n = 54) and expressed in Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and average interitem correlation coefficients. Results: Validity: all associations were in the hypothesized directions. Differences in mean OHIP total were statistically sig-nificant for all discriminative variables. OHIP scores completed with assistance were significantly lower than those from self-administered questionnaires and therefore analyzed separately. For both administration formats differences in mean scores were still significant for “satisfaction” but for having ≤6 molars or decay the differences lost significance for most domain and total scores. Reliability: ICCs ranged from 0.54 - 0.74. Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alphas for OHIP total scores were 0.93 (self-administered) and 0.91 (with assistance). Average interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.26 - 0.67 (self-administered) and 0.28 - 0.69 (with assistance). Conclusions: This Vietnamese version of the OHIP-14 demonstrated good construct validity and acceptable reliability for OHIP total scores however OHIP-14VN domain scores should be interpreted with caution.
基金This paper is sponsored by the National Social Science Foundation Project“Collation and Research of Chinese Literature of the Envoys of Vietnam(18bzw094)”.I am deeply grateful of all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis.And also I would like to express my thanks to editor,without their assistance,the publication of this thesis would have been impossible.
文摘This paper mainly discusses the diplomatic way of Vietnamese envoys through literature during their mission toChina, including the group, communication mode and reason of the literary exchange between Vietnam envoy andChinese literati. The article points out that the Chinese literati contacted by Vietnamese envoys could be dividedinto Lingnan literati group (Guangdong and Guangxi provinces), Huguang literati group (Hunan and Hubeiprovinces), Jiangnan literati group (Southern Anhui and Jiangsu provinces), and Northern literati group (Henan &Hebei provinces and Beijing). There are three main ways of literary communication between Vietnamese envoysand Chinese literati: the first is to give poems to each other according to fixed rhythm;the second is to communicateby writing;the third is to comment on poems each other. There are two main reasons for the literary exchangebetween Vietnamese envoys and Chinese literati: on the one hand, they wanted to achieve the purpose of “poetrydiplomacy” with literature, and took the initiative to communicate with Chinese literati;on the other hand, Chineseliterati were curious about Vietnamese envoys, so they asked Vietnamese envoys to give poems, or even paid fortheir literary works. The literary exchange between Vietnamese envoys and Chinese literati is a direct reflection ofthe literary exchange between China and Vietnam, from which we can see that the Chinese literature of Vietnam inthe feudal period is an important part of the Chinese cultural circle.
文摘The present study investigates authorial stance in research articles of native and non-native academic authors of English. It aims to analyze evaluation adverbs in research articles written by native authors of English(NAEs) and Vietnamese-speaking authors of English(VAEs) between 2012 and 2015. The data of 120 articles was investigated to examine whether there is a significant difference in using stance adverbs between the two groups of authors. It was found that NAEs and VAEs used stance adverbs in a considerably different way. Most of the stance adverb categories were variously overused by NAEs against VAEs. It was also found that English native authors of research articles preferred indirect approaches of expressing their evaluation by an illocutionary way of manner-of-speaking,metalinguistic and expectation markers,while Vietnamese authors favored an epistemic way of modal adverbs.
文摘The purpose of this study was to explore the water usage profile of future Vietnamese households by carrying out a controlled living experiment with Vietnamese high-income households. By studying showering time, flow rate and toilet-use frequency of these households, the study revealed the water usage believed to be representative of future households in light of continued urbanization. This study also determined that the average time of showering was 9.7 minutes per person per day with an average flow rate of 12 L/minute for the existing shower head and 6.6 L/minute for the water-saving shower head. Toilet usage frequency was 5.25 times per person per day, and there was no difference with the results for an average (middle-income) household.
基金supported by the Project of Chinese Medical Culture Research Center of NJUCM(NO.ZYWH2017-25)The Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project(NO.17YJCZH073)Key Programme of National Social Science Fund(N0.18ZDA322).
文摘This article reviews the history of transmission and exchange of medicine between China and Vietnam.Systematic textual research found medical activities such as doctor visits,epidemics transmission,exchanges of therapies,import of local herbal,and drug specialties occurred in both countries.Vietnamese traditional medicine was once a truly large-scale system and one of the biggest branches of Chinese medicine abroad in history.
文摘The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history.Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains,current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis.Based on existing findings,this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation.Using a mixed-method of historical archives,fieldwork and simulation model,this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis.Further,it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long.The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west.Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel,setting the spatial structure of human settlements,and the development of city space.The location,layout,and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.
