Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are those that develop from a neuroendocrine cell. They most commonly affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, being rare conditions in the female genital tract. Whe...Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are those that develop from a neuroendocrine cell. They most commonly affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, being rare conditions in the female genital tract. When present, these neoplasms often manifest with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as pain, itching, swelling, single-focus lesions, bleeding, and enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, in addition to the presence of progressively enlarging vulvar nodules. Consequently, the diagnostic investigation involves histopathological examination and confirmation through immunohistochemistry. Objective: To present a comprehensive understanding of this rarely studied pathology. The primary objective is to provide valuable insights that could aid in the future development of universally applicable treatment guidelines. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old female, with no prior comorbidities, menopause at 36, who presented with a left vulvar nodule accompanied by intense pain and swelling, later diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the vulva. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of enhancing our knowledge regarding small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the vulva, given its scarcity in medical literature. The information presented here underscores the need for standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches, paving the way for future consensus on managing this uncommon but challenging neoplasm.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between fragilehistidine triad (FHIT) depletion and human papillomavirus (HPV)status in the vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC).METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used ...OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between fragilehistidine triad (FHIT) depletion and human papillomavirus (HPV)status in the vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC).METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to detectthe expression of FHIT protein in 42 cases of VSCC and 10 casesof normal vulvar tissues. PCR was used to detect HPV infectionstatus. We analyzed the relationship of the expression of FHITprotein between the 2 groups: HPV positive and HPV negative, aswell as the clinically pathological characteristics.RESULTS The expression of FHIT was positive in all normal vul-var tissues, and 71.4% was depletion in VSCC (P < 0.01). Abnormalexpression of FHIT was significantly correlated with pathologicalgrade (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between FHITdepletion and HPV infection based on the statistial analysis (P <0.05).CONCLUSION The FHIT depletion is related to occurrenceand development of VSCC, and the abnormal expression of FHITsignificantly correlates with HPV infection.展开更多
Objective: Review the clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcomes for 29 cases of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the Vulva referred to Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC) between 1986 and 2010....Objective: Review the clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcomes for 29 cases of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the Vulva referred to Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC) between 1986 and 2010. Methods: Vulvar BCC cases from QCGC were reviewed and analysed using the computer software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.0. Results: BCC of the vulva is uncommon with an incidence from the QCGC vulvar cancer registry of 3.2%. Of the 29 patients one died of their BCC and seven died of unrelated causes. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.5 years (range 40 to 91). All cases were Caucasian. Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis averaged 22.6 months (range 0 - 120 months). Not until a biopsy was performed was the diagnosis made. The most common presenting complaints were pruritis and a lump. Initial treatment was surgical. Conclusions: The prognosis for vulvar BCC is excellent. Histological diagnosis and long term follow-up are important management issues. The status of disease at the margins of surgical specimens does not reliably equate to patient long term outcomes. Follow up should be supervised via a gynecological oncology register to reduce the risk of patient loss to follow up.展开更多
Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the Bartholin's gland is a rare malignant tumor of vulvar which is characterized by slow growth,local invasion and perineural infiltration.The survival rates for 10 years range fro...Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the Bartholin's gland is a rare malignant tumor of vulvar which is characterized by slow growth,local invasion and perineural infiltration.The survival rates for 10 years range from 50% to 100%.The disease free interval for 10 years range from 33% to 38%.Currently,there is no consensus on the treatment of ACC of the Bartholin's gland.Primary surgery includes wide local excision or radical vulvectomy with or without lymph node dissection.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are advocated for the treatment of this cancer.Work is still needed to identify an effective systemic therapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vul...OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), and to analyze the relationship between MK expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. METHODS: Thirty VSCC, 15 VIN and 10 VCA patients were studied by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. MK expression was compared with clinicopathologic features of vulvar tumors. RESULTS: MK was expressed in 26 of 30 VSCC (87%), 3 of 5 VIN III and all VCA samples, whereas no MK expression was detected in the VIN I-II samples or in normal epithelium. The difference of MK expression between VIN III and VSCC was statistically significant (P展开更多
Background:Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia(dVIN)is a non-human papilloma virus(HPV)-related high-grade precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma(vSCCa).Although TP53 gene mutations have been i...Background:Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia(dVIN)is a non-human papilloma virus(HPV)-related high-grade precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma(vSCCa).Although TP53 gene mutations have been identified in 80%of dVIN,its role in dVIN pathogenesis as well as malignant transformation is still being poorly understood.Poor reproducible diagnostic criteria and ambiguous p53 immunostaining patterns,along with morphologic discordance still pose a diagnostic challenge.Methods:A series of 60 cases of dVIN-related vSCCa along with adjacent dVIN were evaluated.Clinicopathological features as well as immunohistochemical results were recorded on the resection-confirmed dVIN-related vSCCa.Results:The average age of the patients was 71 years.Thirty-five cases(58.4%)of dVIN-related vSCCa were moderately differentiated,fourteen cases(23.3%)were poorly differentiated,and the remaining eleven cases(18.3%)were well-differentiated.Twenty-nine cases(48.3%)were found to have lichen sclerosus adjacent to dVIN.In terms of p53 and p16 expression in dVIN-related vSCCa and the adjacent dVIN,fifty-five(91.7%)dVIN showed mutant p53 immunostaining pattern with strong positive expression in 80%cases(basal/para-basal expression)and null pattern expression in 11.7%cases.Five(8.3%)dVIN showed p53 wild-type staining pattern.The wild-type pattern were seen in 5%of vSCCa and p53 null pattern were seen in 13.3%vSCCa.Six cases demonstrated atypical staining patterns:two cases showed p53 null expression in dVIN but p53 overexpression in invasive carcinoma;three cases exhibited p53 null expression in invasive carcinoma,with the adjacent dVIN showing basal and para-basal mutant(2 cases)and wild-type(1 case)p53 expression patterns.A single case demonstrated p53 wild-type pattern in dVIN and overexpression in invasive carcinoma.In addition,65%dVIN were p16 negative and 31.7%dVIN had patchy p16 staining.Conclusion:Clinical and prognostic value of the ambiguous/inconsistent patterns are uncertain and molecular studies are needed for further characterization.展开更多
文摘Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are those that develop from a neuroendocrine cell. They most commonly affect the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, being rare conditions in the female genital tract. When present, these neoplasms often manifest with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as pain, itching, swelling, single-focus lesions, bleeding, and enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes, in addition to the presence of progressively enlarging vulvar nodules. Consequently, the diagnostic investigation involves histopathological examination and confirmation through immunohistochemistry. Objective: To present a comprehensive understanding of this rarely studied pathology. The primary objective is to provide valuable insights that could aid in the future development of universally applicable treatment guidelines. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old female, with no prior comorbidities, menopause at 36, who presented with a left vulvar nodule accompanied by intense pain and swelling, later diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the vulva. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of enhancing our knowledge regarding small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the vulva, given its scarcity in medical literature. The information presented here underscores the need for standardized diagnostic and treatment approaches, paving the way for future consensus on managing this uncommon but challenging neoplasm.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.20042067)the Tackle-Key-Problem Project of Education Department Project of Liaoning Province,China(No.2004D178).
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between fragilehistidine triad (FHIT) depletion and human papillomavirus (HPV)status in the vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC).METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to detectthe expression of FHIT protein in 42 cases of VSCC and 10 casesof normal vulvar tissues. PCR was used to detect HPV infectionstatus. We analyzed the relationship of the expression of FHITprotein between the 2 groups: HPV positive and HPV negative, aswell as the clinically pathological characteristics.RESULTS The expression of FHIT was positive in all normal vul-var tissues, and 71.4% was depletion in VSCC (P < 0.01). Abnormalexpression of FHIT was significantly correlated with pathologicalgrade (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between FHITdepletion and HPV infection based on the statistial analysis (P <0.05).CONCLUSION The FHIT depletion is related to occurrenceand development of VSCC, and the abnormal expression of FHITsignificantly correlates with HPV infection.
文摘Objective: Review the clinical features, diagnosis, management and outcomes for 29 cases of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) of the Vulva referred to Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC) between 1986 and 2010. Methods: Vulvar BCC cases from QCGC were reviewed and analysed using the computer software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.0. Results: BCC of the vulva is uncommon with an incidence from the QCGC vulvar cancer registry of 3.2%. Of the 29 patients one died of their BCC and seven died of unrelated causes. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.5 years (range 40 to 91). All cases were Caucasian. Time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis averaged 22.6 months (range 0 - 120 months). Not until a biopsy was performed was the diagnosis made. The most common presenting complaints were pruritis and a lump. Initial treatment was surgical. Conclusions: The prognosis for vulvar BCC is excellent. Histological diagnosis and long term follow-up are important management issues. The status of disease at the margins of surgical specimens does not reliably equate to patient long term outcomes. Follow up should be supervised via a gynecological oncology register to reduce the risk of patient loss to follow up.
文摘Adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) of the Bartholin's gland is a rare malignant tumor of vulvar which is characterized by slow growth,local invasion and perineural infiltration.The survival rates for 10 years range from 50% to 100%.The disease free interval for 10 years range from 33% to 38%.Currently,there is no consensus on the treatment of ACC of the Bartholin's gland.Primary surgery includes wide local excision or radical vulvectomy with or without lymph node dissection.Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are advocated for the treatment of this cancer.Work is still needed to identify an effective systemic therapy.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role of midkine (MK) in vulvar carcinogenesis though examination of its expression in vulvar lesions including vulvar condyloma acuminata (VCA), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC), and to analyze the relationship between MK expression and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. METHODS: Thirty VSCC, 15 VIN and 10 VCA patients were studied by streptavidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method. MK expression was compared with clinicopathologic features of vulvar tumors. RESULTS: MK was expressed in 26 of 30 VSCC (87%), 3 of 5 VIN III and all VCA samples, whereas no MK expression was detected in the VIN I-II samples or in normal epithelium. The difference of MK expression between VIN III and VSCC was statistically significant (P
文摘Background:Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia(dVIN)is a non-human papilloma virus(HPV)-related high-grade precursor lesion to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma(vSCCa).Although TP53 gene mutations have been identified in 80%of dVIN,its role in dVIN pathogenesis as well as malignant transformation is still being poorly understood.Poor reproducible diagnostic criteria and ambiguous p53 immunostaining patterns,along with morphologic discordance still pose a diagnostic challenge.Methods:A series of 60 cases of dVIN-related vSCCa along with adjacent dVIN were evaluated.Clinicopathological features as well as immunohistochemical results were recorded on the resection-confirmed dVIN-related vSCCa.Results:The average age of the patients was 71 years.Thirty-five cases(58.4%)of dVIN-related vSCCa were moderately differentiated,fourteen cases(23.3%)were poorly differentiated,and the remaining eleven cases(18.3%)were well-differentiated.Twenty-nine cases(48.3%)were found to have lichen sclerosus adjacent to dVIN.In terms of p53 and p16 expression in dVIN-related vSCCa and the adjacent dVIN,fifty-five(91.7%)dVIN showed mutant p53 immunostaining pattern with strong positive expression in 80%cases(basal/para-basal expression)and null pattern expression in 11.7%cases.Five(8.3%)dVIN showed p53 wild-type staining pattern.The wild-type pattern were seen in 5%of vSCCa and p53 null pattern were seen in 13.3%vSCCa.Six cases demonstrated atypical staining patterns:two cases showed p53 null expression in dVIN but p53 overexpression in invasive carcinoma;three cases exhibited p53 null expression in invasive carcinoma,with the adjacent dVIN showing basal and para-basal mutant(2 cases)and wild-type(1 case)p53 expression patterns.A single case demonstrated p53 wild-type pattern in dVIN and overexpression in invasive carcinoma.In addition,65%dVIN were p16 negative and 31.7%dVIN had patchy p16 staining.Conclusion:Clinical and prognostic value of the ambiguous/inconsistent patterns are uncertain and molecular studies are needed for further characterization.
